{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T20:28:33Z","timestamp":1769372913063,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-21007-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T10:12:34Z","timestamp":1739182354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessing insecticide treated nets awareness at Njala University: case study of Njala and Towama Campuses, Sierra Leone"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Samuel Maxwell Tom","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wadsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahr","family":"Foday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angella Magdalene","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim K.","family":"Foday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther Marie","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George Mayeh","family":"Fefegula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed S. P.","family":"Koker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"21007_CR1","unstructured":"Statistics Sierra Leone and ICF. Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey 2019, Freetown, Sierra Leone, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: Stats SL and ICF, 2020. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.statistics.sl\/images\/StatisticsSL\/Documents\/DHS2018\/SIERRA_LEONE_2019_DHS_REPORT.pdf"},{"key":"21007_CR2","unstructured":"WHO, Tackling malaria in Sierra Leone, WHO | Regional Office for Africa., Accessed: Feb. 11, 2023. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/news\/tackling-malaria-sierra-leone"},{"key":"21007_CR3","unstructured":"George AM, Kargbou A, Wadsworth R, Kangbai JB. Trends and Seasonal variations for confirmed malaria cases for Sierra Leone for 2012\u20132020. SM J Public Health Epidemiol. 2023. https:\/\/www.jsmcentral.org\/sm-public-health\/smjphe344186.pdf."},{"key":"21007_CR4","unstructured":"Sierra. Leone | LINK malaria. Accessed: Feb. 14, 2023. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/web-archive.lshtm.ac.uk\/www.linkmalaria.org\/country-profiles\/sierra-leone.html"},{"key":"21007_CR5","unstructured":"WHO. World malaria report 2023. Accessed: Jul. 24, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-malaria-programme\/reports\/world-malaria-report-2023"},{"key":"21007_CR6","unstructured":"WHO. Achieving and maintaining universal coverage with long lasting insecticidal nets for malaria control. Accessed: Jul. 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-HTM-GMP-2017.20"},{"key":"21007_CR7","unstructured":"USPMI, Sierra Leone malaria operational plans (MOPs), PMI, Accessed. Feb. 11, 2023. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.pmi.gov\/where-we-work\/sierra-leone\/"},{"key":"21007_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koenker H, Keating J, Alilio M, Acosta A, Lynch M, Nafo-Traore F. Strategic roles for behaviour change communication in a changing malaria landscape. Malar J. 2014;13(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2875-13-1.","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-1"},{"key":"21007_CR9","unstructured":"WHO. Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Nets: A WHO Position Statement., Geneva World Health Organ. 2007, [Online]. Available: https:\/\/files.givewell.org\/files\/DWDA%202009\/Interventions\/Nets\/itnspospaperfinal.pdf"},{"key":"21007_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lengeler C. Insecticide-treated bed nets and curtains for preventing malaria. Cochrane Database Syst, 2004.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000363.pub2"},{"key":"21007_CR11","unstructured":"Sierra Leone Malaria Indicator Survey 2016, NMCP, SSL, USL, CRS, and National Malaria Control Programme - NMCP\/Sierra Leone, Statistics Sierra Leone - SSL, University of Sierra Leone - USL, Catholic Relief Services - CRS, and ICF, Freetown ICF. Sierra Leone, 2016. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/MIS25\/MIS25.pdf"},{"key":"21007_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hanson K, et al. Vouchers for scaling up insecticide-treated nets in Tanzania: methods for monitoring and evaluation of a national health system intervention. BMC Public Health. 2008;8(1):205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-8-205.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-205"},{"key":"21007_CR13","unstructured":"Malaria - PSI. Accessed. Jul. 24, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.psi.org\/practice-area\/malaria\/, https:\/\/www.psi.org\/practice-area\/malaria\/"},{"key":"21007_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim H, Miller FD, Hernandez A, Tanser F, Mogeni P, Cuadros DF. Spatiotemporal analysis of insecticide-treated net use for children under 5 in relation to socioeconomic gradients in Central and East Africa. Malar J. 2020;19(1):163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-020-03236-2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03236-2"},{"key":"21007_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Olapeju B, et al. Age and gender trends in insecticide-treated net use in sub-saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis. Malar J. 2018;17(1):423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-018-2575-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2575-z"},{"key":"21007_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ameyaw EK. Individual, community and societal correlates of insecticide treated net use among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-level analysis | BMC Public Health | Full Text. Accessed: Jul. 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-11635-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11635-6"},{"key":"21007_CR17","unstructured":"Eisele TP, Larsen D, Steketee RW. Protective efficacy of interventions for preventing malaria mortality in children in Plasmodium falciparum endemic areas, in Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-assessed Reviews, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (UK), 2010. Accessed: Jul. 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK78633\/"},{"key":"21007_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banerjee AV, Duflo E, Glennerster R, Kothari D. Improving immunisation coverage in rural India: clustered randomised controlled evaluation of immunisation campaigns with and without incentives. BMJ. 2010;340:c2220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.c2220.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2220"},{"key":"21007_CR19","unstructured":"USPMI TUSPMIVP. Sierra Leone \u2013 The U.S. President\u2019s Malaria Initiative VectorLink Project. Accessed: May 12, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/pmivectorlink.org\/where-we-work\/sierra-leone\/"},{"key":"21007_CR20","unstructured":"USPMI. Sierra Leone \u2013 The U.S. President\u2019s Malaria Initiative VectorLink Project. Accessed: Sep. 03, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/pmivectorlink.org\/where-we-work\/sierra-leone\/"},{"key":"21007_CR21","unstructured":"CDC, CDC in Sierra Leone., Global Health. Accessed: Sep. 03, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/global-health\/countries\/sierra-leone.html"},{"key":"21007_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lukole E, et al. Protective efficacy of holed and aging PBO-pyrethroid synergist-treated nets on malaria infection prevalence in north-western Tanzania. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2022;2(10):e0000453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000453.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000453"},{"key":"21007_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Martin JL, et al. Personal protection with PBO-pyrethroid synergist-treated nets after 2 years of household use against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles in Tanzania. Parasit Vectors. 2021;14(1):150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04641-5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04641-5"},{"key":"21007_CR24","unstructured":"Leone WHOS. Nationwide Rollout of the Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) Mass Distribution Campaign in Sierra Leone, WHO | Regional Office for Africa. Accessed: Sep. 03, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/countries\/sierra-leone\/news\/nationwide-rollout-insecticide-treated-nets-itns-mass-distribution-campaign-sierra-leone"},{"key":"21007_CR25","unstructured":"Leone WHOS. Sierra Leone tackling malaria amidst COVID-19 outbreak response, WHO | Regional Office for Africa. Accessed: Sep. 03, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/news\/sierra-leone-tackling-malaria-amidst-covid-19-outbreak-response"},{"key":"21007_CR26","unstructured":"Reliefweb. Sierra Leone tackling malaria amidst COVID-19 outbreak response - Sierra Leone | ReliefWeb. Accessed: Sep. 03, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/sierra-leone\/sierra-leone-tackling-malaria-amidst-covid-19-outbreak-response"},{"key":"21007_CR27","unstructured":"Leone UNICEFS. Mass distribution of long-lasting insecticide treated bed nets to households in Sierra Leone | UNICEF Sierra Leone. Accessed: Sep. 03, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/sierraleone\/stories\/mass-distribution-long-lasting-insecticide-treated-bed-nets-households-sierra-leone"},{"key":"21007_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2017.28.67.9934","volume":"28","author":"KD Nyavor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nyavor KD, et al. Assessing the ownership, usage and knowledge of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) in Malaria Prevention in the Hohoe Municipality, Ghana. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;28:67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2017.28.67.9934.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"21007_CR29","unstructured":"Animut A, Gebre-Michael T, Medhin G, Balkew M, Bashaye S, Seyoum A. Assessment of Distribution, Knowledge and Utilization of Insecticide Treated Nets in Selected Malaria Prone Areas of Ethiopia, Ethiop. J. Health Dev., 22(3):Art. no. 3, 2008, Accessed: May 20, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.ejhd.org\/index.php\/ejhd\/article\/view\/511"},{"key":"21007_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baume CA, Marin MC. Gains in awareness, ownership and use of insecticide-treated nets in Nigeria, Senegal, Uganda and Zambia. Malar J. 2008;7:153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2875-7-153.","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-153"},{"key":"21007_CR31","unstructured":"Johnson O, et al. Awareness, Ownership and Utilization of Insecticide Treated Nets among households in a Rural Community in Southern Nigeria. Sch J App Med Sci. 2015;3:608\u201313."},{"key":"21007_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scott J, Kanyangarara M, Nhama A, Macete E, Moss WJ, Saute F. Factors associated with use of insecticide-treated net for malaria prevention in Manica District, Mozambique: a community-based cross-sectional survey. Malar J. 2021;20(1):200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-021-03738-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03738-7"},{"key":"21007_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Diallo OO, Ozodiegwu ID, Camara A, Galatas B, Gerardin J. Factors associated with the ownership and use of insecticide-treated nets in Guinea: an analysis of the 2018 demographic and Health Survey. Malar J. 2023;22(1):29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-023-04463-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04463-z"},{"key":"21007_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisele TP, Keating J, Littrell M, Larsen D, Macintyre K. Assessment of insecticide-treated bednet use among children and pregnant women across 15 countries using standardized national surveys. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;80(2):209\u201314.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.209"},{"key":"21007_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garley AE, Ivanovich E, Eckert E, Negroustoueva S, Ye Y. Gender differences in the use of insecticide-treated nets after a universal free distribution campaign in Kano State, Nigeria: post-campaign survey results. Malar J. 2013;12(1):119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2875-12-119.","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-119"},{"key":"21007_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kassie GA, et al. Insecticide-treated bed net utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Malar J. 2023;22(1):223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-023-04655-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04655-7"},{"key":"21007_CR37","unstructured":"Adebayo AM, Akinyemi OO, Cadmus EO. Ownership and utilisation of insecticide-treated mosquito nets among caregivers of under-five children and pregnant women in a rural community in Southwest Nigeria, J. Prev. Med. Hyg., 2014;55(2):58\u201364."},{"key":"21007_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Obol J, Ononge S, Orach C. Utilisation of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women in Gulu: a post conflict district in northern Uganda, Afr. Health Sci. 2013;13(4):962\u2013969, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ahs.v13i4.15","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v13i4.15"},{"key":"21007_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p694863","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/694863","volume":"2014","author":"A Ankomah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ankomah A, et al. The Effect of Mass Media Campaign on the use of insecticide-treated Bed nets among pregnant women in Nigeria. Malar Res Treat. 2014;2014:p694863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/694863.","journal-title":"Malar Res Treat"},{"key":"21007_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Theuri C, Serem G, Mwenda K. Determinants of utilization of Malaria Preventive interventions in Kenya: a systematic literature review. Int J Sci Res Publ. 2023;13(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29322\/IJSRP.13.07.2023.p13940.","DOI":"10.29322\/IJSRP.13.07.2023.p13940"},{"key":"21007_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gust D, Woodruff R, Kennedy A, Brown C, Sheedy K, Hibbs B. Parental perceptions surrounding risks and benefits of immunization, Semin. Pediatr. Infect. Dis., 2003;14:207\u201312, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1045-1870(03)00035-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1045-1870(03)00035-9"},{"key":"21007_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smith N, Leiserowitz A. The role of emotion in global warming policy support and opposition. Risk Anal off Publ Soc Risk Anal. 2014;34(5):937\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/risa.12140.","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.12140"},{"issue":"2","key":"21007_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.24.2.325","volume":"24","author":"DR Williams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Williams DR, Jackson PB. Social sources of racial disparities in health. Health Aff Proj Hope. 2005;24(2):325\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.24.2.325.","journal-title":"Health Aff Proj Hope"},{"issue":"6","key":"21007_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2013.873363","volume":"30","author":"CL Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones CL, Jensen JD, Scherr CL, Brown NR, Christy K, Weaver J. The Health Belief Model as an explanatory framework in communication research: exploring parallel, serial, and moderated mediation. Health Commun. 2015;30(6):566\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10410236.2013.873363.","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"21007_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Detweiler-Bedell B, Detweiler-Bedell J. Emerging trends in Health Communication: the powerful role of subjectivism in moderating the Effectiveness of Persuasive Health Appeals: emerging trends in Health Communication. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2016;10:484\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/spc3.12264.","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12264"},{"key":"21007_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hu Y. Health communication research in the digital age: a systematic review. J Commun Healthc. 2015;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17538068.2015.1107308.","DOI":"10.1080\/17538068.2015.1107308"},{"key":"21007_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noar S, Head K. Trends in the Research and Practice of Health Communication Campaigns. Sociol Compass. 2011;5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-9020.2011.00379.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9020.2011.00379.x"},{"key":"21007_CR48","unstructured":"Irwin M, Rosenstock, Historical Origins of the Health Belief Model -, Rosenstock IM. 1974. Accessed: May 29, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/109019817400200403"},{"key":"21007_CR49","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice","author":"VL Champion","year":"2008","unstructured":"Champion VL, Skinner CS. The health belief model. in Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice. 4th ed. San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass; 2008. pp. 45\u201365.","edition":"4"},{"key":"21007_CR50","unstructured":"Fishbein M, Ajzen I. Predicting and Changing Behavior: The Reasoned Action Approach | Request PDF. Accessed: Jun. 18, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/263227940_Predicting_and_Changing_Behavior_The_Reasoned_Action_Approach"},{"key":"21007_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bandura A. Health promotion by social cognitive means, Health Educ. Behav. Off. Publ. Soc. Public Health Educ. 2004;31(2):143\u2013164 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1090198104263660","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198104263660"},{"key":"21007_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B\u00e9langer-Gravel A, et al. Examining public health practitioners\u2019 perceptions and use of behavioural sciences to design health promotion interventions. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23:493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-023-09455-y.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09455-y"},{"key":"21007_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaombe TM, Hamuza GA. Impact of ignoring sampling design in the prediction of binary health outcomes through logistic regression: evidence from Malawi demographic and health survey under-five mortality data; 2000\u20132016. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-16544-4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16544-4"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-21007-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-024-21007-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-21007-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T10:12:43Z","timestamp":1739182363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-024-21007-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["21007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-21007-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki. A written consent was read to all participants about the nature and purpose of the research survey. We sought ethical approval from the Directorate of Research and Development of Njala University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"532"}}