{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T13:32:02Z","timestamp":1794317522858,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-21080-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T12:25:32Z","timestamp":1738153532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Trends in incidence, prevalence, and mortality of non-communicable diseases in Iraq (2003\u20132021)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Merzah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"21080_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2019.1.23463","volume":"40","author":"AM Hussain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hussain AM, Lafta RK. Burden of non-communicable diseases in Iraq after the 2003 war. Saudi Med J. 2019;40:72\u20138.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"21080_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.34.135.20226","volume":"34","author":"PM Mawaw","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mawaw PM, et al. Increased prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension with associated risk factors in a mine-based workforce, democratic Republic of Congo. Pan Afr Med J. 2019;34:1\u201317.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"21080_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2021.18","volume":"36","author":"AMA Hussain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hussain AMA, Lafta RK. Cancer trends in Iraq 2000\u20132016. Oman Med J. 2021;36:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"21080_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.37616\/2212-5043.1294","volume":"34","author":"A Bennis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bennis A, et al. Strategic recommendations to bridge the gaps in awareness, diagnosis and prevention of heart failure in the Middle East Region and Africa. J Saudi Hear Assoc. 2022;34:53\u201365.","journal-title":"J Saudi Hear Assoc"},{"key":"21080_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0000118","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000118","volume":"2","author":"BN Pham","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pham BN, et al. Non-communicable diseases attributed mortality and associated sociodemographic factors in Papua New Guinea: Evidence from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System. PLOS Glob public Heal. 2022;2:e0000118.","journal-title":"PLOS Glob public Heal"},{"key":"21080_CR6","unstructured":"Noncommunicable diseases. WHO in Iraq Available at: https:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/iraq\/priority-areas\/noncommunicable-diseases.html. (Accessed: 2nd August 2024)."},{"key":"21080_CR7","unstructured":"Chronic noncommunicable diseases risk factors survey in Iraq. Ministry of health and ministry of planning and development cooperation, in collaboration with WHO 1\u201358. (2006). Available at: https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/ncds\/ncd-surveillance\/data-reporting\/iraq\/steps\/iraqstepsreport2006.pdf?sfvrsn=dad9fa73_2&download=true. (Accessed: 2nd August 2024)."},{"key":"21080_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogale B, Scambler S, Mohd Khairuddin AN, Gallagher JE. Health system strengthening in fragile and conflict-affected states: A review of systematic reviews. PLoS ONE. 2024;19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305234"},{"key":"21080_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16983-z","volume":"23","author":"MW Arage","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arage MW, et al. Exploring the health consequences of armed conflict: the perspective of Northeast Ethiopia, 2022: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2023;23:1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"21080_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S382191","volume":"15","author":"H Arifin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arifin H, et al. Analysis of modifiable, non-modifiable, and physiological risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Indonesia: evidence from the 2018 Indonesian basic health research. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2022;15:2203\u201321.","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"21080_CR11","unstructured":"United Nations Population Fund Responding to the Challenge of Non-communicable Diseases. United Nations system agency 4\u20135. (2019). http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/. (Accessed: 2nd August 2024)."},{"key":"21080_CR12","first-page":"289","volume":"87","author":"TK Al Hilfi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al Hilfi TK. Y. Toward a healthier Iraq. Yale J Biol Med. 2014;87:289\u201397.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"21080_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Asadi JN, Salman JM. Cancer mortality-to-incidence ratio among Iraqi citizens: Nine-year National Estimates (2012\u20132020) and its relation to population growth rate and health expenditure. Qatar Med J. 2023;38:2023.","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2023.38"},{"key":"21080_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-23-0520","volume":"32","author":"M Al-Muftah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Muftah M, Al-Ejeh F. Cancer Incidence and Mortality Estimates in Arab Countries in 2018: A GLOBOCAN Data Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol biomarkers Prev Publ Am Assoc Cancer Res cosponsored Am Soc Prev Oncol. 2023;32:1738\u201346.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol biomarkers Prev Publ Am Assoc Cancer Res cosponsored Am Soc Prev Oncol"},{"key":"21080_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47091-y","volume":"13","author":"D Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie D, et al. Global burden and influencing factors of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes in adults aged 20\u201359 years, 1990\u20132019. Sci Rep. 2023;13:20234.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"21080_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2017.10.011","volume":"25","author":"DN Koye","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koye DN, Magliano DJ, Nelson RG, Pavkov ME. The Global Epidemiology of Diabetes and Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2018;25:121\u201332.","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"21080_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naser AY et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis.  Int J Endocrinol. 2021;2021:4572743.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4572743"},{"key":"21080_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02187-3","volume":"23","author":"A Fallahzadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fallahzadeh A, et al. The burden of chronic respiratory disease and attributable risk factors in North Africa and Middle East: findings from global burden of disease study (GBD) 2019. Respir Res. 2022;23:268.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"21080_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145513","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1145513","volume":"11","author":"A Yakupu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yakupu A, et al. The burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. Front public Heal. 2023;11:1145513.","journal-title":"Front public Heal"},{"key":"21080_CR20","first-page":"23","volume":"106","author":"B Nojilana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nojilana B, et al. Persistent burden from non-communicable diseases in South Africa needs strong action. South Afr Med J = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde. 2016;106:23\u20134.","journal-title":"South Afr Med J = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde"},{"key":"21080_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11358-5","volume":"24","author":"PVC de Albuquerque","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Albuquerque PVC, Tomasi E. Assessing hypertension care quality in Brazil: gender, race, and socioeconomic intersection in public and private services, 2013 and 2019 national health surveys. BMC Health Serv Res. 2024;24:939.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"21080_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30402-6","volume":"389","author":"E Mendenhall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mendenhall E, Kohrt BA, Norris SA, Ndetei D, Prabhakaran D. Non-communicable disease syndemics: poverty, depression, and diabetes among low-income populations. Lancet (London England). 2017;389:951\u201363.","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"21080_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101331","volume":"4","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, et al. Burden of noncommunicable diseases among children and adolescents aged 10\u201324 years in China, 1990\u20132019: A population-based study. Cell Rep Med. 2023;4:101331.","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21743-2","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000}}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-21080-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-024-21080-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-024-21080-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T05:09:56Z","timestamp":1739164196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-024-21080-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["21080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-21080-w","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5193836\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-21743-2","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-21743-2","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"374"}}