{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:17:54Z","timestamp":1772165874674,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is an evidence-based practice for reducing homelessness that subsidizes permanent, independent housing and provides case management\u2014including linkages to health services. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are common contributing factors towards premature, unwanted (\u201cnegative\u201d) PSH exits; little is known about racial\/ethnic differences in negative PSH exits among residents with SUDs. Within the nation\u2019s largest PSH program at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), we examined relationships among SUDs and negative PSH exits (for up to five years post-PSH move-in) across racial\/ethnic subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used VA administrative data to identify a cohort of homeless-experienced Veterans (HEVs) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092,712) who were housed through VA Greater Los Angeles\u2019 PSH program from 2016\u20132019. We analyzed negative PSH exits by HEVs with and without SUDs across racial\/ethnic subgroups (i.e., African American\/Black, Non-Hispanic White, Hispanic\/Latino, and Other\/Mixed [Asian, American Indian or Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and mixed race\/ethnicity]) in controlled models and accounting for competing risk of death.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In competing risk models, HEVs with at least one SUD had 1.3 times the hazard of negative PSH exits compared to those without SUDs (95% CI: 1.00, 1.61). When stratifying by race\/ethnicity, Other\/Mixed race residents with at least one SUD had 6.4 times the hazard of negative PSH exits compared to their peers without SUDs (95% CI: 1.61\u201325.50). Hispanic\/Latino residents with at least one SUD had 1.9 times the hazard compared to those without SUDs; however, this association was not statistically significant (95% CI: 0.85\u20134.37). African American\/Black residents with at least one SUD had 1.2 times the hazard compared to those without SUDs (95% CI: 0.85\u20131.64), indicating no evidence of an association with negative PSH exits. Non-Hispanic White residents with at least one SUD had 1.1 times the hazard compared to those without SUDs (95% CI: 0.75\u20131.66), similarly indicating no evidence to suggest an association with negative PSH exits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest relationships between SUDs and negative PSH exits differ between racial\/ethnic groups and suggest there may be value in culturally specific tailoring and implementation of SUD services for these subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-21169-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T05:57:13Z","timestamp":1738043833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Addressing racial and ethnic disparities in premature exits from permanent supportive housing among residents with substance use disorders"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Talia J.","family":"Panadero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonya","family":"Gabrielian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marissa J.","family":"Seamans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Gelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"21169_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300261","volume":"65","author":"DJ Rog","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rog DJ, Marshall T, Dougherty RH, George P, Daniels AS, Ghose SS, et al. 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The present study involved secondary analysis of existing data from Veteran medical records and no more than minimal risk; as such, the need for participant informed consent to participate was waived by the IRB.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"355"}}