{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T03:26:48Z","timestamp":1765423608416,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Postgraduate Practical Innovation Program 2025","award":["SJCX25_1061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJCX25_1061"]}]},{"name":"General Project of Jiangsu Province's Science and Technology Development Program for Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2020","award":["YB2020029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YB2020029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23629-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T06:27:00Z","timestamp":1754029620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Greenspace and intestinal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"23629_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldy021","volume":"127","author":"R Aerts","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aerts R, Honnay O, Van Nieuwenhuyse A. Biodiversity and human health: mechanisms and evidence of the positive health effects of diversity in nature and green spaces. Br Med Bull. 2018;127:5\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bmb\/ldy021.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"23629_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102514","author":"M Agrawal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Agrawal M, Hansen AV, Colombel J-F, Jess T, Allin KH. Association between early life exposure to agriculture, biodiversity, and green space and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study. EClinicalMedicine. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102514.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"23629_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.068","volume":"159","author":"M Arnold","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arnold M, Abnet CC, Neale RE, Vignat J, Giovannucci EL, McGlynn KA, Bray F. Global burden of 5 major types of gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2020;159:335\u2013349.e15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.068.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"23629_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12406","volume":"15","author":"B Barger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barger B, Larson LR, Torquati J, Moody E, Ogletree S, Rosenberg S. The complex relationship between greenspace and well-being in children with and without autism. Appl Psychol Health Well-Being. 2023;15:705\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aphw.12406.","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Health Well-Being"},{"key":"23629_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152321","volume":"813","author":"RCE Bowyer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bowyer RCE, Twohig-Bennett C, Coombes E, Wells PM, Spector TD, Jones AP, Steves CJ. Microbiota composition is moderately associated with greenspace composition in a UK cohort of twins. Sci Total Environ. 2022;813:152321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152321.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23629_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115340","volume":"222","author":"D Buczy\u0142owska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buczy\u0142owska D, Zhao T, Singh N, Jurczak A, Siry A, Markevych I. Exposure to greenspace and bluespace and cognitive functioning in children - a systematic review. Environ Res. 2023;222:115340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115340.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"23629_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162145","volume":"871","author":"Z Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao Z, Xu C, Li S, Wang Y, Yang H. Residential greenspace and risk of cancer: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank. Sci Total Environ. 2023;871:162145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162145.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23629_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2020.0176","volume":"376","author":"K Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng K, Xu X, Cui L, Li Y, Zheng J, Wu W, Sun J, Pan G. The role of soils in regulation of freshwater and coastal water quality. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021;376:20200176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2020.0176.","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"23629_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5615-2","volume":"18","author":"T Datzmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Datzmann T, Markevych I, Trautmann F, Heinrich J, Schmitt J, Tesch F. Outdoor air pollution, green space, and cancer incidence in Saxony: a semi-individual cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5615-2.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"23629_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00824-w","volume":"21","author":"A Doubleday","year":"2022","unstructured":"Doubleday A, Knott CJ, Hazlehurst MF, Bertoni AG, Kaufman JD, Hajat A. Neighborhood greenspace and risk of type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort: the Multi-Ethncity study of atherosclerosis. Environ Health. 2022;21:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-021-00824-w.","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"23629_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000990","volume":"116","author":"M Elten","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elten M, Benchimol EI, Fell DB, Kuenzig ME, Smith G, Kaplan GG, Chen H, Crouse D, Lavigne E. Residential greenspace in childhood reduces risk of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116:347\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000990.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"23629_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.015","volume":"136","author":"JE Everhart","year":"2009","unstructured":"Everhart JE, Ruhl CE. Burden of digestive diseases in the United States part II: lower gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:741\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.015.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"23629_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.044","volume":"151","author":"J Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng J, Cavallero S, Hsiai T, Li R. Impact of air pollution on intestinal redox lipidome and microbiome. Free Radic Biol Med. 2020;151:99\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.044.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"23629_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04567-7","volume":"604","author":"R Gacesa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gacesa R, Kurilshikov A, Vich Vila A, Sinha T, Klaassen MAY, Bolte LA, Andreu-S\u00e1nchez S, Chen L, Collij V, Hu S, Dekens JAM, Lenters VC, Bj\u00f6rk JR, Swarte JC, Swertz MA, Jansen BH, Gelderloos-Arends J, Jankipersadsing S, Hofker M, Vermeulen RCH, Sanna S, Harmsen HJM, Wijmenga C, Fu J, Zhernakova A, Weersma RK. Environmental factors shaping the gut microbiome in a Dutch population. Nature. 2022;604:732\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04567-7.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"23629_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2021.2013454","volume":"33","author":"J Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao J, Mancus GC, Yuen HK, Watson JH, Lake ML, Jenkins GR. Changes in cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone levels immediately after urban park visits. Int J Environ Health Res. 2023;33:206\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09603123.2021.2013454.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"key":"23629_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.09.019","volume":"166","author":"A Gilliland","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gilliland A, Chan JJ, De Wolfe TJ, Yang H, Vallance BA. Pathobionts in inflammatory bowel disease: origins, underlying mechanisms, and implications for clinical care. Gastroenterology. 2024;166:44\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.09.019.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease 2021. Findings from the GBD 2021 study| Institute for health metrics and evaluation [WWW Document]. 2024. https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/research-analysis\/library\/global-burden-disease-2021-findings-gbd-2021-study. Accessed 17 Nov 2024.","key":"23629_CR17"},{"key":"23629_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2009.10.012","volume":"94","author":"P Grahn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grahn P, Stigsdotter UK. The relation between perceived sensory dimensions of urban green space and stress restoration. Landsc Urban Plan. 2010;94:264\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2009.10.012.","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.5. 2024. (updated August 2024).","key":"23629_CR19"},{"key":"23629_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159792","volume":"857","author":"Y Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu Y, Chen Y, Liu S, Tan J, Yu G, Yan C, Yin Y, Li S, Tong S. Residential greenspace and childhood asthma: an intra-city study. Sci Total Environ. 2023;857:159792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159792.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23629_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.9745\/ghsp-d-13-00055","volume":"1","author":"KB Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson KB, Jacob A, Brown ME. Forest cover associated with improved child health and nutrition: evidence from the Malawi demographic and health survey and satellite data. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2013;1:237\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9745\/ghsp-d-13-00055.","journal-title":"Glob Health Sci Pract"},{"key":"23629_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2023.05.001","volume":"52","author":"R Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan R, Kuenzig ME, Benchimol EI. Epidemiology of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2023;52:483\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2023.05.001.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"23629_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0469-4","volume":"25","author":"PV Kirjavainen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kirjavainen PV, Karvonen AM, Adams RI, T\u00e4ubel M, Roponen M, Tuoresm\u00e4ki P, Loss G, Jayaprakash B, Depner M, Ege MJ, Renz H, Pfefferle PI, Schaub B, Lauener R, Hyv\u00e4rinen A, Knight R, Heederik DJJ, von Mutius E, Pekkanen J. Farm-like indoor microbiota in non-farm homes protects children from asthma development. Nat Med. 2019;25:1089\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-019-0469-4.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"23629_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134684","volume":"701","author":"C Liddicoat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liddicoat C, Sydnor H, Cando-Dumancela C, Dresken R, Liu J, Gellie NJC, Mills JG, Young JM, Weyrich LS, Hutchinson MR, Weinstein P, Breed MF. Naturally-diverse airborne environmental microbial exposures modulate the gut microbiome and may provide anxiolytic benefits in mice. Sci Total Environ. 2020;701:134684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134684.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lima DD, da Paz WS, Lopes de Sousa \u00c1F, de Andrade D, Conacci BJ, Damasceno FS, Bezerra-Santos M. Space\u2013time clustering and socioeconomic factors associated with mortality from diarrhea in Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil: a 20-year population-based study. Trop Med Infect Dis.\u00a02022;7:312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed7100312.","key":"23629_CR25","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7100312"},{"key":"23629_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.063","volume":"126","author":"EV Loftus","year":"2004","unstructured":"Loftus EV. Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:1504\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.063.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"unstructured":"MacKinnon K, Sobrevila C, Hickey V. Biodiversity, climate change, and adaptation: nature-based solutions from the World Bank portfolio (English). Washington, DC: World Bank; 2008. http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/149141468320661795.","key":"23629_CR27"},{"key":"23629_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4236\/ojepi.2021.113018","volume":"11","author":"WM Manetu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manetu WM, M\u2019masi S, Recha CW. Diarrhea disease among children under 5 years of age: a global systematic review. Open J Epidemiol. 2021;11:207\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/ojepi.2021.113018.","journal-title":"Open J Epidemiol"},{"key":"23629_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427593","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2024.2427593","volume":"51","author":"C Manthey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manthey C, Super M, Cepon-Robins TJ. Childhood developmental environment affects adult intestinal inflammation levels: preliminary evidence from older adults in the United States. Ann Hum Biol. 2024;51:2427593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03014460.2024.2427593.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"23629_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.028","volume":"158","author":"I Markevych","year":"2017","unstructured":"Markevych I, Schoierer J, Hartig T, Chudnovsky A, Hystad P, Dzhambov AM, De Vries S, Triguero-Mas M, Brauer M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Lupp G, Richardson EA, Astell-Burt T, Dimitrova D, Feng X, Sadeh M, Standl M, Heinrich J, Fuertes E. Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: theoretical and methodological guidance. Environ Res. 2017;317.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.028.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"23629_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15572","volume":"9","author":"NA Masdor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Masdor NA, Abu Bakar MF, Hod R, Mohammed Nawi A. Green space exposure and colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Heliyon. 2023;9:e15572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15572.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"23629_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indic.2024.100475","volume":"24","author":"M Mobarhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mobarhan M, Yeganeh M, Motie MB, Ahmadi S. Assessing the efficacy of green walls versus street green lanes in mitigating air pollution: a critical evaluation. Environ Sustain Indic. 2024;24:100475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.indic.2024.100475.","journal-title":"Environ Sustain Indic"},{"key":"23629_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108110","volume":"179","author":"TA Mouly","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mouly TA, Mishra GD, Hystad P, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Knibbs LD. Residential greenspace and anxiety symptoms among Australian women living in major cities: a longitudinal analysis. Environ Int. 2023;179:108110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108110.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"23629_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105881","volume":"142","author":"CC Nielsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nielsen CC, Gascon M, Osornio-Vargas AR, Shier C, Guttman DS, Becker AB, Azad MB, Sears MR, Lefebvre DL, Moraes TJ, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Takaro TK, Brook JR, Scott JA, Mandhane PJ, Tun HM, Kozyrskyj AL. Natural environments in the urban context and gut microbiota in infants. Environ Int. 2020;142:105881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105881.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"23629_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173833","volume":"943","author":"CC Odebeatu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Odebeatu CC, Darssan D, Roscoe C, Ahmed M, Reid S, Osborne NJ. Greenspace and risk of obesity-related cancer in the UK biobank cohort: an analysis of private residential gardens and other greenspace types. Sci Total Environ. 2024;943:173833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173833.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23629_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"23629_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116324","volume":"232","author":"TP Pasanen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pasanen TP, White MP, Elliott LR, van den Bosch M, Bratman GN, Ojala A, Korpela K, Fleming LE. Urban green space and mental health among people living alone: the mediating roles of relational and collective restoration in an 18-country sample. Environ Res. 2023;232:116324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116324.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"23629_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112449","volume":"205","author":"A Ponjoan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ponjoan A, Blanch J, Alves-Cabratosa L, Mart\u00ed-Lluch R, Comas-Cuf\u00ed M, Cirach M, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Garcia-Gil MDM, Ramos R. Impact of residential greenness on myocardial infarction in the population with diabetes: a sex-dependent association? Environ Res. 2022;205:112449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112449.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"23629_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12545","volume":"70","author":"L Ruokolainen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ruokolainen L, von Hertzen L, Fyhrquist N, Laatikainen T, Lehtom\u00e4ki J, Auvinen P, Karvonen AM, Hyv\u00e4rinen A, Tillmann V, Niemel\u00e4 O, Knip M, Haahtela T, Pekkanen J, Hanski I. Green areas around homes reduce atopic sensitization in children. Allergy. 2015;70:195\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.12545.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"23629_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.604179","author":"A Rutsch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rutsch A, Kantsj\u00f6 JB, Ronchi F. The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology. Front Immunol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.604179.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"23629_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.3c00127","volume":"14","author":"JM Sasso","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sasso JM, Ammar RM, Tenchov R, Lemmel S, Kelber O, Grieswelle M, Zhou QA. Gut microbiome-brain alliance: a landscape view into mental and gastrointestinal health and disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2023;14:1717\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.3c00127.","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"23629_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbsj.2022.100009","volume":"2","author":"B Sowi\u0144ska-\u015awierkosz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sowi\u0144ska-\u015awierkosz B, Garc\u00eda J. What are nature-based solutions (NBS)? Setting core ideas for concept clarification. Nat Based Solut. 2022;2:100009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbsj.2022.100009.","journal-title":"Nature-Based Solutions"},{"key":"23629_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2016.09.024","volume":"158","author":"L Taylor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taylor L, Hochuli DF. Defining greenspace: multiple uses across multiple disciplines. Landsc Urban Plann. 2017;158:25\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2016.09.024.","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plann"},{"key":"23629_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.06.030","volume":"166","author":"C Twohig-Bennett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Twohig-Bennett C, Jones A. The health benefits of the great outdoors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of greenspace exposure and health outcomes. Environ Res. 2018;166:628\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2018.06.030.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"23629_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143718","volume":"757","author":"C Vignal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vignal C, Guilloteau E, Gower-Rousseau C, Body-Malapel M. Review article: epidemiological and animal evidence for the role of air pollution in intestinal diseases. Sci Total Environ. 2021;757:143718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143718.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23629_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2011.12.015","volume":"105","author":"C Ward Thompson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ward Thompson C, Roe J, Aspinall P, Mitchell R, Clow A, Miller D. More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: evidence from salivary cortisol patterns. Landsc Urban Plann. 2012;105:221\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2011.12.015.","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plann"},{"unstructured":"Wells GA, Shea B, O\u2019Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; 2021. https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp.","key":"23629_CR47"},{"key":"23629_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00937-0","volume":"400","author":"J Wolf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wolf J, Hubbard S, Brauer M, Ambelu A, Arnold BF, Bain R, Bauza V, Brown J, Caruso BA, Clasen T, Colford JMJ, Freeman MC, Gordon B, Johnston RB, Mertens A, Pr\u00fcss-Ust\u00fcn A, Ross I, Stanaway J, Zhao JT, Cumming O, Boisson S. Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoeal disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2022;400:48\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00937-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"23629_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2023.127890","volume":"82","author":"L Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu L, Chen C. Does pattern matter? Exploring the pathways and effects of urban green space on promoting life satisfaction through reducing air pollution. Urban For Urban Green. 2023;82:127890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ufug.2023.127890.","journal-title":"Urban For Urban Green"},{"unstructured":"Wu X, Feng Y, Chang K. Causal association analysis between green coverage and cancer incidence. J Shandong Univ (Health Sciences). 2022:115\u2013119+132.","key":"23629_CR50"},{"key":"23629_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2021.101174","volume":"14","author":"Y Xi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xi Y, Xu P. Global colorectal cancer burden in 2020 and projections to 2040. Transl Oncol. 2021;14:101174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tranon.2021.101174.","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"key":"23629_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159952","volume":"858","author":"T Ye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ye T, Guo Y, Abramson MJ, Li T, Li S. Greenspace and children\u2019s lung function in China: a cross-sectional study between 2013 and 2015. Sci Total Environ. 2023;858:159952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159952.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23629_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120193","volume":"314","author":"T Ye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ye T, Yu P, Wen B, Yang Z, Huang W, Guo Y, Abramson MJ, Li S. Greenspace and health outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Environ Pollut. 2022;314:120193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120193.","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"23629_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2024.103213","volume":"86","author":"C Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu C, Kwan M-P. Dynamic greenspace exposure, individual mental health status and momentary stress level: a study using multiple greenspace measurements. Health Place. 2024;86:103213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthplace.2024.103213.","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"23629_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156180","volume":"838","author":"MJ Zare Sakhvidi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zare Sakhvidi MJ, Yang J, Mehrparvar AH, Dzhambov AM, Ebrahimi A, Dadvand P, Jacquemin B. Exposure to greenspace and cancer incidence, prevalence, and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Sci Total Environ. 2022;838:156180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156180.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23629_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147553","volume":"787","author":"MJ Zare Sakhvidi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zare Sakhvidi MJ, Yang J, Siemiatycki J, Dadvand P, de Hoogh K, Vienneau D, Goldberg M, Zins M, Lequy E, Jacquemin B. Greenspace exposure and cancer incidence: a 27-year follow-up of the French GAZEL cohort. Sci Total Environ. 2021;787:147553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147553.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"23629_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107084","volume":"160","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Chen L, Qian ZM, Li H, Cai M, Wang X, McMillin SE, Vaughn MG, Liu K, Shao Z, Lin H. Residential green and blue space associated with lower risk of adult-onset inflammatory bowel disease: Findings from a large prospective cohort study. Environ Int. 2022;160:107084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107084.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"23629_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3898","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15979","volume":"24","author":"D Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou D, Li N, Yang F, Zhang H, Bai Z, Dong Y, Li M, Zhu W, Fei Z, Xiao P, Sun X, Lu Z. Soil causes gut microbiota to flourish and total serum IgE levels to decrease in mice. Environ Microbiol. 2022;24:3898\u2013911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.15979.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"23629_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1002\/sd.2499","volume":"31","author":"A Ziafati Bafarasat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ziafati Bafarasat A, Cheshmehzangi A, Ankowska A. A set of 99 healthy city indicators for application in urban planning and design. Sustain Dev. 2023;31:1978\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sd.2499.","journal-title":"Sustain Dev"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-23629-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-025-23629-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-23629-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T01:09:06Z","timestamp":1754356146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-025-23629-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["23629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-23629-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2458"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2602"}}