{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T11:20:40Z","timestamp":1793186440367,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23958-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T12:03:58Z","timestamp":1755605038000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A systematic review and meta-analysis on the global prevalence of helminthic parasites among schoolchildren: a public health concern"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Milad","family":"Badri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meysam","family":"Olfatifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Gharibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahendra","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kareem","family":"Hatam-Nahavandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Asghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Sgroi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanieh","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Abdoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida Vafae","family":"Eslahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"23958_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra064142","volume":"357","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hotez PJ, Molyneux DH, Fenwick A, Kumaresan J, Sachs SE, Sachs JD, et al. Control of neglected tropical diseases. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1018\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra064142.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"23958_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-023-01084-1","volume":"12","author":"AR Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2023","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es AR, Code\u00e7o CT, Svenning J-C, Escobar LE, de Vuurst P, Gon\u00e7alves-Souza T. Neglected tropical diseases risk correlates with poverty and early ecosystem destruction. Infect Dis Poverty. 2023;12:32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-023-01084-1.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"23958_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed2030036","volume":"2","author":"AK Mitra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mitra AK, Mawson AR. Neglected tropical diseases: epidemiology and global burden. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2017;2: 36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed2030036.","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"23958_CR4","first-page":"33","volume":"13","author":"P Gyawali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gyawali P, Khanal S, Soares Magalhaes RJ. Helminth infections in an indigenous community of Nepal: the role of individual and household socio-economic factors. Glob J Med Res Dis. 2013;13:33\u20139.","journal-title":"Glob J Med Res Dis"},{"key":"23958_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5908938","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5908938","volume":"2022","author":"EA Husen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Husen EA, Tafesse G, Hajare ST, Chauhan NM, Sharma RJ, Upadhye VJ. Cross-Sectional Study on Assessment of Frequency of Intestinal Helminth Infections and Its Related Risk Factors among School Children from Adola Town. Ethiopia Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:5908938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/5908938.","journal-title":"Ethiopia Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"23958_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tahseen Q. Helminth parasites: The cause of distress and diseases. Infect Dis Your Heal. Springer Singapore; 2018. p. 135\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed2030036","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed2030036"},{"key":"23958_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2017.03.005","volume":"64","author":"JE Weatherhead","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weatherhead JE, Hotez PJ, Mejia R. The global state of helminth control and elimination in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017;64:867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2017.03.005.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"23958_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34261","volume":"118","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hotez PJ, Brindley PJ, Bethony JM, King CH, Pearce EJ, Jacobson J, et al. Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:1311\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI34261.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"23958_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhanot P. Introduction to Parasites. Pract Handb Microbiol. CRC Press; 2021. p. 665\u201382. 9781003099277.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003099277-49"},{"key":"23958_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Riaz M, Aslam N, Zainab R, Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Rasool G, Ullah MI, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, challenges, and the currently available diagnostic tools for the determination of helminths infections in human. Eur J Inflamm. 2020;18:2058739220959915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/205873922095991.","DOI":"10.1177\/205873922095991"},{"issue":"1","key":"23958_CR11","first-page":"12","volume":"5","author":"D Edogiawerie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Edogiawerie D, Turay AA, Okpala HO. Prevalence of intestinal helminths among primary school children in Ihumudumu community, Ekpoma, Edo, Nigeria. Int J Community Res. 2016;5(1):12\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Community Res"},{"key":"23958_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-017-0126-2","volume":"4","author":"SL Sturrock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sturrock SL, Yiannakoulias N, Sanchez AL. The Geography and Scale of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections. Curr Trop Med Reports. 2017;4:245\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40475-017-0126-2.","journal-title":"Curr Trop Med Reports"},{"key":"23958_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010321","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010321","volume":"16","author":"MO Afolabi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Afolabi MO, Adebiyi A, Cano J, Sartorius B, Greenwood B, Johnson O, et al. Prevalence and distribution pattern of malaria and soil-transmitted helminth co-endemicity in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000\u20132018: a geospatial analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16:e0010321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010321.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"23958_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khurana S, Singh S, Mewara A. Diagnostic techniques for soil-transmitted helminths-Recent advances. Res Rep Trop Med. 2021;181\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed5020093.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed5020093"},{"key":"23958_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed5020093","volume":"5","author":"M Mbong Ngwese","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mbong Ngwese M, Prince Manouana G, Nguema Moure PA, Ramharter M, Esen M, Ad\u00e9gnika AA. Diagnostic techniques of soil-transmitted helminths: impact on control measures. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2020;5: 93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed5020093.","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"23958_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2022-0034","volume":"59","author":"N Miswan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miswan N, Singham GV, Othman N. Advantages and limitations of microscopy and molecular detections for diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths: an overview. Helminthologia. 2022;59:321\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/helm-2022-0034.","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"23958_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2013.12.009","volume":"70","author":"H Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar H, Jain K, Jain R. A study of prevalence of intestinal worm infestation and efficacy of anthelminthic drugs. Med J Armed Forces India. 2014;70:144\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mjafi.2013.12.009.","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"23958_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4499-x","volume":"17","author":"B Alemayehu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alemayehu B, Tomass Z, Wadilo F, Leja D, Liang S, Erko B. Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiasis among school children with emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni infection in Wolaita zone. Southern Ethiopia BMC Public Health. 2017;17:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-017-4499-x.","journal-title":"Southern Ethiopia BMC Public Health"},{"key":"23958_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8524985","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8524985","volume":"1","author":"R Mirisho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mirisho R, Neizer ML, Sarfo B. Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths Infestation in Children Attending Princess Marie Louise Children\u2019s Hospital in Accra. Ghana J Parasitol Res. 2017;1:8524985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/8524985.","journal-title":"Ghana J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"23958_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5152\/tao.2019.4058","volume":"57","author":"AA Sel\u00e7uk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sel\u00e7uk AA. A guide for systematic reviews: PRISMA. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;57:57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tao.2019.4058.","journal-title":"Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"23958_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0147601","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147601","volume":"11","author":"PA Modesti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Modesti PA, Reboldi G, Cappuccio FP, Agyemang C, Remuzzi G, Rapi S, et al. Panethnic differences in blood pressure in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0147601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0147601.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"23958_CR22","first-page":"2011","volume":"4","author":"JJ Barendregt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barendregt JJ, Doi SA. MetaXL user guide. Version. 2016;4:2011\u20136.","journal-title":"Version"},{"key":"23958_CR23","unstructured":"Team RC. R Core Team R. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; 2016. ISBN 3\u2013900051\u201307\u20130, URL. R-project. org\/."},{"key":"23958_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000017662","volume":"122","author":"LJ Drake","year":"2001","unstructured":"Drake LJ, Bundy DAP. Multiple helminth infections in children: impact and control. Parasitology. 2001;122:S73\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182000017662.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"23958_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02339-1","volume":"52","author":"A Abdoli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdoli A, Olfatifar M, Eslahi AV, Moghadamizad Z, Nowak O, Pirestani M, Karimipour-Saryazdi A, Badri M, Karanis P. Prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among Asian schoolchildren: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection. 2024;52(6):2097\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-024-02339-1.","journal-title":"Infection."},{"key":"23958_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2","volume":"383","author":"DG Colley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colley DG, Bustinduy AL, Secor WE, King CH. Human schistosomiasis. Lancet. 2014;383:2253\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"23958_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2020.01.017","volume":"109","author":"A Rostami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rostami A, Riahi SM, Hofmann A, Ma G, Wang T, Behniafar H, et al. Global prevalence of Toxocara infection in dogs. Adv Parasitol. 2020;109:561\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.apar.2020.01.017.","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"23958_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2017.09.001","author":"J-Y Chai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chai J-Y, Jung B-K. Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: an update. Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fawpar.2017.09.001.","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol"},{"key":"23958_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-024-01238-9","volume":"13","author":"J Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen J, Gong Y, Chen Q, Li S, Zhou Y. Global burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections, 1990\u20132021. Infect Dis Poverty. 2024;13:68\u201377.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"23958_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hotez PJ, Lo NC. Neglected tropical diseases: public health control programs and mass drug administration. Hunter\u2019s Trop Med Emerg Infect Dis. Elsevier; 2020. p. 209\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-323-55512-8.00027-2.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-55512-8.00027-2"},{"key":"23958_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.119","volume":"8","author":"MO Harhay","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harhay MO, Horton J, Olliaro PL. Epidemiology and control of human gastrointestinal parasites in children. Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther. 2010;8:219\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/eri.09.119.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther"},{"key":"23958_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fong IW, Fong IW. Mass Drug Treatment of Tropical Diseases: Is It Really Progress? Curr Trends Concerns Infect Dis. 2020;217\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-36966-8_9.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36966-8_9"},{"key":"23958_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-0630-9","volume":"9","author":"D Engels","year":"2020","unstructured":"Engels D, Zhou X-N. Neglected tropical diseases: an effective global response to local poverty-related disease priorities. Infect Dis poverty. 2020;9:9\u201317.","journal-title":"Infect Dis poverty"},{"key":"23958_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2019.100106","volume":"9","author":"SH Tinkler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tinkler SH. Preventive chemotherapy and anthelmintic resistance of soil-transmitted helminths\u2013can we learn nothing from veterinary medicine? One Health. 2020;9:100106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2019.100106.","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"23958_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.880","volume":"101","author":"TC Nath","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nath TC, Islam S, Eom KS. Integration of health education to improve the compliance to MDA for soil-transmitted helminths infection in Bangladesh: an implementation research. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;101:334\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.880.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-23958-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-025-23958-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-23958-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T03:58:45Z","timestamp":1757476725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-025-23958-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["23958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-23958-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for this study was granted by our institutional review board, as documented (no. IR.QUMS.REC.1403.124).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2852"}}