{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T23:35:11Z","timestamp":1777332911535,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020494","name":"Davidson College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012611","name":"Weyerhaeuser Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AI141764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AI141764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012611","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-24314-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T11:44:35Z","timestamp":1759232675000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Barriers to malaria prevention services in pregnancy: a multi-methods study in rural western Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Clubine Horowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Ngelese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Baguma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Nyangoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bwambale","family":"Shem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Ntaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar M.","family":"Mulogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross M.","family":"Boyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"24314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00431-4","volume":"11","author":"V Reddy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reddy V, Weiss DJ, Rozier J, ter Kuile FO, Dellicour S. Global estimates of the number of pregnancies at risk of malaria from 2007 to 2020: a demographic study. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11(1):e40\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"24314_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000221","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000221","volume":"7","author":"S Dellicour","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dellicour S, Tatem AJ, Guerra CA, Snow RW, ter Kuile FO. Quantifying the number of pregnancies at risk of malaria in 2007: a demographic study. PLoS Med. 2010;7(1):e1000221.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"24314_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.12.014","volume":"121","author":"EM McClure","year":"2013","unstructured":"McClure EM, Goldenberg RL, Dent AE, Meshnick SR. A systematic review of the impact of malaria prevention in pregnancy on low birth weight and maternal anemia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;121(2):103\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"12","key":"24314_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70222-0","volume":"12","author":"TP Eisele","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eisele TP, Larsen DA, Anglewicz PA, Keating J, Yukich J, Bennett A, et al. Malaria prevention in pregnancy, birthweight, and neonatal mortality: a meta-analysis of 32 national cross-sectional datasets in Africa. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12(12):942\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"24314_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.33","volume":"55","author":"RW Steketee","year":"1996","unstructured":"Steketee RW, Wirima JJ, Hightower AW, Slutsker L, Heymann DL, Breman JG. The effect of malaria and malaria prevention in pregnancy on offspring birthweight, prematurity, and intrauterine growth retardation in rural Malawi. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996;55(1 Suppl):33\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"11","key":"24314_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1101","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30340-6","volume":"5","author":"KA Moore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moore KA, Simpson JA, Scoullar MJL, McGready R, Fowkes FJI. Quantification of the association between malaria in pregnancy and stillbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(11):e1101\u201312.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"24314_CR7","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). WHO policy brief for the implementation of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). 2014. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-HTM-GMP-2014.4. Cited 2024 Nov 21."},{"key":"24314_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). World malaria report 2022. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240064898. Cited 2024 Nov 21."},{"issue":"3","key":"24314_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2023.2273023","volume":"118","author":"FV Segala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Segala FV, Ictho J, L\u2019Episcopia M, Onapa E, De Vita E, Novara R, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in pregnancy indicators in Northern Uganda: a joinpoint regression analysis. Pathog Glob Health. 2023;118(3):253\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20477724.2023.2273023. Cited 2024 Nov 21.","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"24314_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1245-2","volume":"15","author":"AK Mbonye","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mbonye AK, Buregyeya E, Rutebemberwa E, Clarke SE, Lal S, Hansen KS, et al. Treatment and prevention of malaria in pregnancy in the private health sector in Uganda: implications for patient safety. Malar J. 2016;15(1):212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-016-1245-2. Cited 2024 Nov 21.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"24314_CR11","unstructured":"Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), ICF. Uganda demographic and health survey 2016. 2018. Available from: https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/publications\/publication-fr333-dhs-final-reports.cfm. Cited 2024 Nov 21."},{"issue":"9","key":"24314_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad452","volume":"10","author":"S Thahir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thahir S, Muhindo E, Turigye B, Kabagambe K, Thompson P, Mulogo EM, et al. Implementation of hepatitis B screening into routine antenatal care to prevent mother-to-child transmission in rural Western Uganda. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023;10(9):452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofad452. Cited 2024 Nov 21.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"24314_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04086-w","volume":"21","author":"RM Boyce","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boyce RM, Muhindo E, Baguma E, Muhindo R, Shem B, Fran\u00e7ois R, et al. Permethrin-treated baby wraps for the prevention of malaria: results of a randomized controlled pilot study in rural Uganda. Malaria J. 2022;21(1):63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-022-04086-w. Cited 2024 Nov 21.","journal-title":"Malaria J"},{"issue":"3","key":"24314_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.03.004","volume":"121","author":"A Yeka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yeka A, Gasasira A, Mpimbaza A, Achan J, Nankabirwa J, Nsobya S, et al. Malaria in Uganda: challenges to control on the long road to elimination: I. Epidemiology and current control efforts. Acta Trop. 2012;121(3):184\u201395.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"24314_CR15","unstructured":"Uganda - Malaria Indicator Survey 2018 - 2019. Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). Available from: https:\/\/microdata.unhcr.org\/index.php\/catalog\/428. Cited 2024 Nov 21."},{"issue":"1","key":"24314_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03835-7","volume":"20","author":"CM Cote","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cote CM, Goel V, Muhindo R, Baguma E, Ntaro M, Shook-Sa BE, et al. Malaria prevalence and long-lasting insecticidal net use in rural western Uganda: results of a cross-sectional survey conducted in an area of highly variable malaria transmission intensity. Malaria J. 2021;20(1):304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-021-03835-7. Cited 2024 Nov 21.","journal-title":"Malaria J"},{"key":"24314_CR17","unstructured":"Uganda Ministry of Health. Uganda clinical guidelines 2016. 2016. Available from: https:\/\/library.health.go.ug\/leadership-and-governance\/guidelines\/uganda-clinical-guidelines-2016. Cited 2024 Nov 21."},{"issue":"2","key":"24314_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2013a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377\u201381.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"24314_CR19","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: the R project for statistical computing. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/. Cited 2024 Nov 21."},{"key":"24314_CR20","unstructured":"Otter.ai. AI meeting note taker & real-time AI transcription. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/otter.ai\/. Cited 2024 Nov 21."},{"key":"24314_CR21","unstructured":"ATLAS.ti. ATLAS.ti: The #1 software for qualitative data analysis. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/atlasti.com. Cited 2024 Nov 21."},{"issue":"1","key":"24314_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0927-5","volume":"14","author":"AJ Umbers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Umbers AJ, Unger HW, Rosanas-Urgell A, Wangnapi RA, Kattenberg JH, Jally S, et al. Accuracy of an HRP-2\/panLDH rapid diagnostic test to detect peripheral and placental Plasmodium falciparum infection in Papua New Guinean women with anaemia or suspected malaria. Malar J. 2015;14(1):412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-015-0927-5. Cited 2024 Nov 21.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"24314_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-023-04749-2","volume":"22","author":"J KabaluTshiongo","year":"2023","unstructured":"KabaluTshiongo J, Luzolo F, Kabena M, Kuseke L, Djimde M, Mitashi P, et al. Performance of ultra-sensitive malaria rapid diagnostic test to detect Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Malar J. 2023;22(1):322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-023-04749-2. Cited 2024 Nov 21.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"24314_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2779-x","volume":"18","author":"J Okiring","year":"2019","unstructured":"Okiring J, Olwoch P, Kakuru A, Okou J, Ochokoru H, Ochieng TA, et al. Household and maternal risk factors for malaria in pregnancy in a highly endemic area of Uganda: a prospective cohort study. Malar J. 2019;18(1):144.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"24314_CR25","first-page":"913857","volume":"2010","author":"F Namusoke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Namusoke F, Rasti N, Kironde F, Wahlgren M, Mirembe F. Malaria Burden in Pregnancy at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Malar Res Treat. 2010;2010:913857. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3277833\/. Cited 2024 Nov 21.","journal-title":"Malar Res Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"24314_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03356-9","volume":"19","author":"JR Gutman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gutman JR, Stephens DK, Tiendrebeogo J, Badolo O, Dodo M, Burke D, et al. A cluster randomized trial of delivery of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy at the community level in Burkina Faso. Malar J. 2020;19(1):282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-020-03356-9. Cited 2024 Nov 21.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"1","key":"24314_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03814-y","volume":"20","author":"D Burke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burke D, Tiendrebeogo J, Emerson C, Youll S, Gutman J, Badolo O, et al. Community-based delivery of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in Burkina Faso: a qualitative study. Malar J. 2021;20(1):277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-021-03814-y. Cited 2024 Nov 21.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"24314_CR28","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"P Ogba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ogba P, Badru O, Ibhawoh B, Archer N, Baumann A. Perceptions of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine use among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. MalarWorld J. 2023;14:1. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10117231\/. Cited 2024 Nov 21.","journal-title":"MalarWorld J"},{"key":"24314_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diouf MP, Kande S, Oboh MA, Manga IA, Tairou F, Seck A, et al. Prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Southern Senegal. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/2\/article-p214.xml. Cited 2024 Nov 21.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0164"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24314-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24314-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24314-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T11:44:46Z","timestamp":1759232686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24314-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["24314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24314-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institutional Review Board (UNC 20\u20132042), the Mbarara University of Science and Technology Research Ethics Committee (47\/03\u201320) and the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology. Written informed consent was provided by all participants and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3205"}}