{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:56:41Z","timestamp":1759334201975,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DA043815","R01 DA043815","R01 DA043815","UG1DA050072","UG1DA050072","R01 DA043815","R01 DA043815","R01 DA043815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA043815","R01 DA043815","R01 DA043815","UG1DA050072","UG1DA050072","R01 DA043815","R01 DA043815","R01 DA043815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-24432-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T11:40:58Z","timestamp":1759232458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Allocative efficiency analysis of strategies to reduce overdose deaths among people with opioid use disorder and history of incarceration in Connecticut"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Joy D.","family":"Scheidell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jillian M.","family":"Frechette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarlise N.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinlian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prima","family":"Manandhar-Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Fiellin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Heimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa B.","family":"Puglisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dyanna L.","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmine I.-Shin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma T.","family":"Biegacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Scott","family":"Braithwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"24432_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Drug overdose mortality by state 2022 [Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/sosmap\/drug_poisoning_mortality\/drug_poisoning.htm."},{"key":"24432_CR2","unstructured":"Kaiser Family Foundation. Opioid overdose death rates and all drug overdose death rates per 100,000 population (age-adjusted) 2022 [Available from: https:\/\/www.kff.org\/other\/state-indicator\/opioid-overdose-death-rates\/?activeTab=graph%26currentTimeframe=0%26startTimeframe=10%26selectedDistributions=opioid-overdose-death-rate-age-adjusted%26selectedRows=%7B%22states%22:%7B%22connecticut%22:%7B%7D,%22new-jersey%22:%7B%7D%7D%7D%26sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D."},{"key":"24432_CR3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Opioid overdose: understanding the epidemic 2022 [Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/epidemic\/index.html."},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-021-00143-9","volume":"9","author":"CK Scott","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scott CK, Dennis ML, Grella CE, Mischel AF, Carnevale J. The impact of the opioid crisis on U.S. state prison systems. Health Justice. 2021;9(1):17.","journal-title":"Health Justice"},{"issue":"2","key":"24432_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa064115","volume":"356","author":"IA Binswanger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Binswanger IA, Stern MF, Deyo RA, Heagerty PJ, Cheadle A, Elmore JG, et al. Release from prison\u2013a high risk of death for former inmates. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(2):157\u201365.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"24432_CR6","unstructured":"Initiative TCORC. Report on Funding priorities for the opioid settlement funds in the state of Connecticut. 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-019-0145-5","volume":"14","author":"PJ Joudrey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joudrey PJ, Khan MR, Wang EA, Scheidell JD, Edelman EJ, McInnes DK, et al. A conceptual model for understanding post-release opioid-related overdose risk. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2019;14(1):17.","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"key":"24432_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103534","volume":"100","author":"JM Flam-Ross","year":"2022","unstructured":"Flam-Ross JM, Lown J, Patil P, White LF, Wang J, Perry A, et al. Factors associated with opioid-involved overdose among previously incarcerated people in the U.S.: a community engaged narrative review. Int J Drug Policy. 2022;100: 103534.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"24432_CR9","unstructured":"Bronson J, Stroop J, Zimmer S, MB Drug use, dependence, and abuse among state prisoners and jail inmates, 2007\u20132009. 2020 [Available from: https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/dudaspji0709.pdf."},{"issue":"6","key":"24432_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2007.0021","volume":"3","author":"AE Boutwell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boutwell AE, Nijhawan A, Zaller N, Rich JD. Arrested on heroin: a national opportunity. J Opioid Manag. 2007;3(6):328\u201332.","journal-title":"J Opioid Manag"},{"key":"24432_CR11","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Use of medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder in criminal justice settings. Rockville, MD; 2019. Contract No.: HHS Publication No. PEP19-MATUSECJS."},{"issue":"3","key":"24432_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2009.03.002","volume":"37","author":"TW Kinlock","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kinlock TW, Gordon MS, Schwartz RP, Fitzgerald TT, O\u2019Grady KE. A randomized clinical trial of methadone maintenance for prisoners: results at 12 months postrelease. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009;37(3):277\u201385.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"24432_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.12.003","volume":"99","author":"KE Moore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moore KE, Roberts W, Reid HH, Smith KMZ, Oberleitner LMS, McKee SA. Effectiveness of medication assisted treatment for opioid use in prison and jail settings: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2019;99:32\u201343.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2011.620475","volume":"33","author":"JD Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee JD, Grossman E, Truncali A, Rotrosen J, Rosenblum A, Magura S, et al. Buprenorphine-naloxone maintenance following release from jail. Subst Abus. 2012;33(1):40\u20137.","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"issue":"3","key":"24432_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16071","volume":"118","author":"S Lim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim S, Cherian T, Katyal M, Goldfeld KS, McDonald R, Wiewel E, Khan M, Krawczyk N, Braunstein S, Murphy SM, Jalali A. Association between jail-based methadone or buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder and overdose mortality after release from New York City jails 2011\u201317. Addiction. 2023;118(3):459\u201367.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"24432_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102841","volume":"91","author":"A Macmadu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Macmadu A, Adams JW, Bessey SE, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Martin RA, Clarke JG, et al. Optimizing the impact of medications for opioid use disorder at release from prison and jail settings: a microsimulation modeling study. Int J Drug Policy. 2021;91: 102841.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"24432_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108937","volume":"227","author":"A Haas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haas A, Viera A, Doernberg M, Barbour R, Tong G, Grau LE, et al. Post-incarceration outcomes for individuals who continued methadone treatment while in Connecticut jails, 2014\u20132018. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;227: 108937.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"24432_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e237036","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.7036","volume":"6","author":"A Chatterjee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chatterjee A, Weitz M, Savinkina A, Macmadu A, Madushani RWMA, Potee RA, et al. Estimated costs and outcomes associated with use and nonuse of medications for opioid use disorder during incarceration and at release in Massachusetts. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(4):e237036-e.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"24432_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108042","volume":"115","author":"BP Horn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Horn BP, Li X, McCrady B, Guerin P, French MT. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a large jail-based methadone maintenance treatment continuation program in New Mexico. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2020;115: 108042.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"24432_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108292","volume":"217","author":"GA Zarkin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zarkin GA, Orme S, Dunlap LJ, Kelly SM, Mitchell SG, O\u2019Grady KE, et al. Cost and cost-effectiveness of interim methadone treatment and patient navigation initiated in jail. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;217: 108292.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"24432_CR21","unstructured":"Bureau of Justice Statistics US Department of Justice. Reentry trends in the United States: inmates returning to the community after serving time in prison 2003 [Available from: https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/reentry.pdf."},{"issue":"2","key":"24432_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000381","volume":"12","author":"KE Moore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moore KE, Oberleitner L, Smith KMZ, Maurer K, McKee SA. Feasibility and effectiveness of continuing methadone maintenance treatment during incarceration compared with forced withdrawal. J Addict Med. 2018;12(2):156\u201362.","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"24432_CR23","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. Naloxone DrugFacts 2022 [Available from: https:\/\/nida.nih.gov\/publications\/drugfacts\/naloxone."},{"issue":"6","key":"24432_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0272","volume":"179","author":"R Abouk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abouk R, Pacula RL, Powell D. Association between state laws facilitating pharmacy distribution of naloxone and risk of fatal overdose. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(6):805\u201311.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"24432_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.02.008","volume":"55","author":"C Keane","year":"2018","unstructured":"Keane C, Egan JE, Hawk M. Effects of naloxone distribution to likely bystanders: results of an agent-based model. Int J Drug Policy. 2018;55:61\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"24432_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.03.014","volume":"86","author":"C McClellan","year":"2018","unstructured":"McClellan C, Lambdin BH, Ali MM, Mutter R, Davis CS, Wheeler E, et al. Opioid-overdose laws association with opioid use and overdose mortality. Addict Behav. 2018;86:90\u20135.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"24432_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2015.05.022","volume":"33","author":"J Rando","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rando J, Broering D, Olson JE, Marco C, Evans SB. Intranasal naloxone administration by police first responders is associated with decreased opioid overdose deaths. Am J Emerg Med. 2015;33(9):1201\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"24432_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f174","volume":"346","author":"AY Walley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walley AY, Xuan Z, Hackman HH, Quinn E, Doe-Simkins M, Sorensen-Alawad A, et al. Opioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: interrupted time series analysis. BMJ. 2013;346: f174.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-1-201301010-00003","volume":"158","author":"PO Coffin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coffin PO, Sullivan SD. Cost-effectiveness of distributing naloxone to heroin users for lay overdose reversal. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"24432_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e133","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30006-3","volume":"2","author":"J Uyei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uyei J, Fiellin DA, Buchelli M, Rodriguez-Santana R, Braithwaite RS. Effects of naloxone distribution alone or in combination with addiction treatment with or without pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in people who inject drugs: a cost-effectiveness modelling study. Lancet Public Health. 2017;2(3):e133\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"24432_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2017.07.014","volume":"21","author":"S Langham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Langham S, Wright A, Kenworthy J, Grieve R, Dunlop WCN. Cost-effectiveness of take-home naloxone for the prevention of overdose fatalities among heroin users in the United Kingdom. Value Health. 2018;21(4):407\u201315.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"24432_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.05.015","volume":"46","author":"M Horton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Horton M, McDonald R, Green TC, Nielsen S, Strang J, Degenhardt L, et al. A mapping review of take-home naloxone for people released from correctional settings. Int J Drug Policy. 2017;46:7\u201316.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"24432_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345819882771","volume":"25","author":"LD Wenger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wenger LD, Showalter D, Lambdin B, Leiva D, Wheeler E, Davidson PJ, et al. Overdose education and naloxone distribution in the San Francisco County Jail. J Correct Health Care. 2019;25(4):394\u2013404.","journal-title":"J Correct Health Care"},{"key":"24432_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.06.023","volume":"154","author":"JA Barocas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barocas JA, Baker L, Hull SJ, Stokes S, Westergaard RP. High uptake of naloxone-based overdose prevention training among previously incarcerated syringe-exchange program participants. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;154:283\u20136.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"24432_CR35","unstructured":"Fiellin DA, Heimer R, Becker WC, D'Onofrio G. The connecticut opioid response initiative. 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-024-01026-6","volume":"21","author":"JD Scheidell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scheidell JD, Townsend TN, Zhou Q, Manandhar-Sasaki P, Rodriguez-Santana R, Jenkins M, et al. Reducing overdose deaths among persons with opioid use disorder in Connecticut. Harm Reduct J. 2024;21(1):103.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"4","key":"24432_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31815c31a7","volume":"46","author":"RS Braithwaite","year":"2008","unstructured":"Braithwaite RS, Meltzer DO, King JTJ, Leslie D, Roberts MS. What does the value of modern medicine say about the $50,000 per quality-adjusted life-year decision rule? Med Care. 2008;46(4):349\u201356.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-019-0100-2","volume":"7","author":"WJ Ferguson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferguson WJ, Johnston J, Clarke JG, Koutoujian PJ, Maurer K, Gallagher C, et al. Advancing the implementation and sustainment of medication assisted treatment for opioid use disorders in prisons and jails. Health Justice. 2019;7(1):19.","journal-title":"Health Justice"},{"issue":"3","key":"24432_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-3107","volume":"169","author":"MR Larochelle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Larochelle MR, Bernson D, Land T, Stopka TJ, Wang N, Xuan Z, et al. Medication for opioid use disorder after nonfatal opioid overdose and association with mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(3):137\u201345.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"24432_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0247","volume":"78","author":"M Fairley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fairley M, Humphreys K, Joyce VR, Bounthavong M, Trafton J, Combs A, et al. Cost-effectiveness of treatments for opioid use disorder. JAMA Psychiatr. 2021;78(7):767\u201377.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatr"},{"key":"24432_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2022.100052","author":"KM Keyes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Keyes KM, Rutherford C, Hamilton A, Barocas JA, Gelberg KH, Mueller PP, et al. What is the prevalence of and trend in opioid use disorder in the United States from 2010 to 2019? Using multiplier approaches to estimate prevalence for an unknown population size. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dadr.2022.100052.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac543","volume":"76","author":"H Bradley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bradley H, Hall EW, Asher A, Furukawa NW, Jones CM, Shealey J, et al. Estimated number of people who inject drugs in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76(1):96\u2013102.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"24432_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/SART.S37030","volume":"10","author":"L Naji","year":"2016","unstructured":"Naji L, Dennis BB, Bawor M, Plater C, Pare G, Worster A, et al. A prospective study to investigate predictors of relapse among patients with opioid use disorder treated with methadone. Subst Abuse Res Treat. 2016;10: SART.S37030.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Res Treat"},{"key":"24432_CR44","unstructured":"SAMHSA National Survey on Drug Use and Health. 2020."},{"issue":"12","key":"24432_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.07.011","volume":"39","author":"CB Clark","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clark CB, Hendricks PS, Lane PS, Trent L, Cropsey KL. Methadone maintenance treatment may improve completion rates and delay opioid relapse for opioid dependent individuals under community corrections supervision. Addict Behav. 2014;39(12):1736\u201340.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"24432_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.210","volume":"63","author":"SD Comer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Comer SD, Sullivan MA, Yu E, Rothenberg JL, Kleber HD, Kampman K, et al. Injectable, sustained-release naltrexone for the treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63(2):210\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10173","key":"24432_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32259-1","volume":"393","author":"BR Haight","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haight BR, Learned SM, Laffont CM, Fudala PJ, Zhao Y, Garofalo AS, et al. Efficacy and safety of a monthly buprenorphine depot injection for opioid use disorder: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10173):778\u201390.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"24432_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.503","volume":"58","author":"YI Hser","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hser YI, Hoffman V, Grella CE, Anglin MD. A 33-year follow-up of narcotics addicts. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58(5):503\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"24432_CR49","unstructured":"Indivior I. A Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of multiple subcutaneous injections of depot buprenorphine (RBP-6000 [100 mg and 300 mg]) over 24 weeks in treatment-seeking subjects with opioid use disorder. Clinical trial registration. clinicaltrials.gov; 2018 2018\/02\/16\/. Report No.: NCT02357901."},{"issue":"5","key":"24432_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.5852","volume":"3","author":"AS Kilaru","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kilaru AS, Xiong A, Lowenstein M, Meisel ZF, Perrone J, Khatri U, et al. Incidence of treatment for opioid use disorder following nonfatal overdose in commercially insured patients. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(5): e205852.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"24432_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e233","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000647","volume":"14","author":"W Ling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ling W, Nadipelli VR, Aldridge AP, Ronquest NA, Solem CT, Chilcoat H, et al. Recovery from opioid use disorder (OUD) after monthly long-acting buprenorphine treatment: 12-month longitudinal outcomes from RECOVER, an observational study. J Addict Med. 2020;14(5):e233\u201340.","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"24432_CR52","first-page":"CD006140","volume":"2","author":"P Lobmaier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lobmaier P, Kornor H, Kunoe N, Bjorndal A. Sustained-release naltrexone for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;2:CD006140.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"24432_CR53","first-page":"CD002209","volume":"2009","author":"RP Mattick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M. Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;2009(3):CD002209.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"24432_CR54","first-page":"CD001333","volume":"2011","author":"S Minozzi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Minozzi S, Amato L, Vecchi S, Davoli M, Kirchmayer U, Verster A. Oral naltrexone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2011(4):CD001333.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"24432_CR55","first-page":"CD011117","volume":"5","author":"S Nielsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nielsen S, Larance B, Degenhardt L, Gowing L, Kehler C, Lintzeris N. Opioid agonist treatment for pharmaceutical opioid dependent people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;5:CD011117.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"24432_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03700.x","volume":"107","author":"RP Schwartz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schwartz RP, Kelly SM, O\u2019Grady KE, Gandhi D, Jaffe JH. Randomized trial of standard methadone treatment compared to initiating methadone without counseling: 12-month findings. Addiction. 2012;107(5):943\u201352.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"9","key":"24432_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-9-201311050-00005","volume":"159","author":"IA Binswanger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Binswanger IA, Blatchford PJ, Mueller SR, Stern MF. Mortality after prison release: opioid overdose and other causes of death, risk factors, and time trends from 1999 to 2009. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(9):592\u2013600.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"24432_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00264.x","volume":"98","author":"SM Bird","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bird SM, Hutchinson SJ. Male drugs-related deaths in the fortnight after release from prison: Scotland, 1996\u201399. Addiction. 2003;98(2):185\u201390.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"7129","key":"24432_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7129.426","volume":"316","author":"SR Seaman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Seaman SR, Brettle RP, Gore SM. Mortality from overdose among injecting drug users recently released from prison: database linkage study. BMJ. 1998;316(7129):426\u20138.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"24432_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13803","volume":"112","author":"A Bukten","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bukten A, Stavseth MR, Skurtveit S, Tverdal A, Strang J, Clausen T. High risk of overdose death following release from prison: variations in mortality during a 15-year observation period. Addiction. 2017;112(8):1432\u20139.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"12","key":"24432_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15077","volume":"115","author":"IA Binswanger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Binswanger IA, Nguyen AP, Morenoff JD, Xu S, Harding DJ. The association of criminal justice supervision setting with overdose mortality: a longitudinal cohort study. Addiction. 2020;115(12):2329\u201338.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"6","key":"24432_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12894","volume":"110","author":"JD Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee JD, McDonald R, Grossman E, McNeely J, Laska E, Rotrosen J, et al. Opioid treatment at release from jail using extended-release naltrexone: a pilot proof-of-concept randomized effectiveness trial. Addiction. 2015;110(6):1008\u201314.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"24432_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.05.011","volume":"142","author":"MS Gordon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gordon MS, Kinlock TW, Schwartz RP, Fitzgerald TT, O\u2019Grady KE, Vocci FJ. A randomized controlled trial of prison-initiated buprenorphine: prison outcomes and community treatment entry. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;142:33\u201340.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"24432_CR64","unstructured":"Durose MR CA, Snyder HN. Recidivism of prisoners released in 30 States in 2005: Patterns from 2005 to 2010. U.S. Department of Justice, Statistics BoJ; 2014."},{"key":"24432_CR65","unstructured":"Hunt KE B. The effects of aging on recidivism among federal offenders. United States sentencing commission; 2017."},{"key":"24432_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.07.007","volume":"70","author":"VS Westerberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Westerberg VS, McCrady BS, Owens M, Guerin P. Community-based methadone maintenance in a large detention center is associated with decreases in inmate recidivism. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2016;70:1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"24432_CR67","unstructured":"Clemans-Cope L, Winiski E, Epstein M, Basurto L. Medicaid prescriptions for extended-release medications to treat opioid use disorder: State trends from 2011 to 2018. The Urban Institute; 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"24432_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0227","volume":"170","author":"SM Murphy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murphy SM, McCollister KE, Leff JA, Yang X, Jeng PJ, Lee JD, et al. Cost-effectiveness of buprenorphine-naloxone versus extended-release naltrexone to prevent opioid relapse. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(2):90\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"24432_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.004","volume":"199","author":"G Rhee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rhee G, Rosenheck RA. Association of current and past opioid use disorders with health-related quality of life and employment among US adults. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;199:122\u20138.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"24432_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00304-2","volume":"7","author":"MA Irvine","year":"2022","unstructured":"Irvine MA, Oller D, Boggis J, Bishop B, Coombs D, Wheeler E, et al. Estimating naloxone need in the USA across fentanyl, heroin, and prescription opioid epidemics: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(3):e210\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"24432_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108262","volume":"128","author":"SM Murphy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murphy SM, Laiteerapong N, Pho MT, Ryan D, Montoya I, Shireman TI, et al. Health economic analyses of the justice community opioid innovation network (JCOIN). J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021;128: 108262.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"24432_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107858","volume":"208","author":"A Macmadu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Macmadu A, Goedel WC, Adams JW, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Green TC, Clarke JG, et al. Estimating the impact of wide scale uptake of screening and medications for opioid use disorder in US prisons and jails. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;208: 107858.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"24432_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109291","volume":"232","author":"D Dadiomov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dadiomov D, Trotzky-Sirr R, Shooshtari A, Qato DM. Changes in the availability of medications for opioid use disorder in prisons and jails in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022;232: 109291.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2","key":"24432_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1695706","volume":"41","author":"ER Brezel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brezel ER, Powell T, Fox AD. An ethical analysis of medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) for persons who are incarcerated. Subst Abus. 2020;41(2):150\u20134.","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"key":"24432_CR75","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences E, and Medicine; Heath and Medicine Division; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Committee on Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder. In: Mancher M, Lensher A, editors. Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Lives. Washington: National academics Press. 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-022-00313-6","volume":"17","author":"N Krawczyk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krawczyk N, Bandara S, Merritt S, Shah H, Duncan A, McEntee B, et al. Jail-based treatment for opioid use disorder in the era of bail reform: a qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to implementation of a state-wide medication treatment initiative. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2022;17(1):30.","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-021-00346-1","volume":"16","author":"CE Grella","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grella CE, Ostlie E, Scott CK, Dennis ML, Carnevale J, Watson DP. A scoping review of factors that influence opioid overdose prevention for justice-involved populations. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2021;16(1):19.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"24432_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.20622","volume":"3","author":"SE Wakeman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wakeman SE, Larochelle MR, Ameli O, Chaisson CE, McPheeters JT, Crown WH, et al. Comparative effectiveness of different treatment pathways for opioid use disorder. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(2): e1920622.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"24432_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37259","volume":"4","author":"BP Linas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Linas BP, Savinkina A, Madushani R, Wang J, Eftekhari Yazdi G, Chatterjee A, et al. Projected estimates of opioid mortality after community-level interventions. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(2): e2037259.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4751-4","volume":"19","author":"KA Hoffman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoffman KA, Ponce Terashima J, McCarty D. Opioid use disorder and treatment: challenges and opportunities. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):884.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"24432_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102769","volume":"80","author":"A Ivsins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ivsins A, Boyd J, Beletsky L, McNeil R. Tackling the overdose crisis: the role of safe supply. Int J Drug Policy. 2020;80: 102769.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-022-00494-y","volume":"17","author":"A Foreman-Mackey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Foreman-Mackey A, Pauly B, Ivsins A, Urbanoski K, Mansoor M, Bardwell G. Moving towards a continuum of safer supply options for people who use drugs: a qualitative study exploring national perspectives on safer supply among professional stakeholders in Canada. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2022;17(1):66.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"24432_CR83","first-page":"454","volume":"105","author":"J Finke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Finke J, Chan J. The case for supervised injection sites in the United States. Am Fam Physician. 2022;105(5):454\u20135.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"24432_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E986","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.201618","volume":"192","author":"M Tyndall","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tyndall M. A safer drug supply: a pragmatic and ethical response to the overdose crisis. CMAJ. 2020;192:E986-7.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"24432_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.22149","volume":"5","author":"A Harocopos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harocopos A, Gibson BE, Saha N, McRae MT, See K, Rivera S, et al. First 2 months of operation at first publicly recognized overdose prevention centers in US. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(7): e2222149.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-018-0276-0","volume":"16","author":"JE Goldman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goldman JE, Waye KM, Periera KA, Krieger MS, Yedinak JL, Marshall BDL. Perspectives on rapid fentanyl test strips as a harm reduction practice among young adults who use drugs: a qualitative study. Harm Reduct J. 2019;16(1):3.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0153-2","volume":"14","author":"A Irwin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Irwin A, Jozaghi E, Weir BW, Allen ST, Lindsay A, Sherman SG. Mitigating the heroin crisis in Baltimore, MD, USA: a cost-benefit analysis of a hypothetical supervised injection facility. Harm Reduct J. 2017;14(1):29.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"24432_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.08.010","volume":"106","author":"CN Behrends","year":"2019","unstructured":"Behrends CN, Paone D, Nolan ML, Tuazon E, Murphy SM, Kapadia SN, et al. Estimated impact of supervised injection facilities on overdose fatalities and healthcare costs in New York City. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2019;106:79\u201388.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"24432_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.12.015","volume":"67","author":"JE Hood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hood JE, Behrends CN, Irwin A, Schackman BR, Chan D, Hartfield K, et al. The projected costs and benefits of a supervised injection facility in Seattle, WA, USA. Int J Drug Policy. 2019;67:9\u201318.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1_suppl","key":"24432_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128S","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920921817","volume":"135","author":"MH Fernandez-Vina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fernandez-Vina MH, Prood NE, Herpolsheimer A, Waimberg J, Burris S. State laws governing syringe services programs and participant syringe possession, 2014\u20132019. Public Health Rep. 2020;135(1_suppl):128S-37S.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"24432_CR91","unstructured":"Facher L. Fentanyl test strips could help save lives; in many states, they're still illegal: STAT; 2022 [Available from: https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2022\/09\/08\/fentanyl-test-strips-could-help-save-lives-in-many-states-theyre-still-illegal\/."},{"issue":"9","key":"24432_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302681","volume":"105","author":"L Beletsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beletsky L, Cochrane J, Sawyer AL, Serio-Chapman C, Smelyanskaya M, Han J, et al. Police encounters among needle exchange clients in Baltimore: drug law enforcement as a structural determinant of health. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(9):1872\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.06.005","volume":"25","author":"L Beletsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beletsky L, Heller D, Jenness SM, Neaigus A, Gelpi-Acosta C, Hagan H. Syringe access, syringe sharing, and police encounters among people who inject drugs in New York City: a community-level perspective. Int J Drug Policy. 2014;25(1):105\u201311.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-021-00583-4","volume":"18","author":"B Del Pozo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Del Pozo B, Sightes E, Goulka J, Ray B, Wood CA, Siddiqui S, et al. Police discretion in encounters with people who use drugs: operationalizing the theory of planned behavior. Harm Reduct J. 2021;18(1):132.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"3","key":"24432_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03676.x","volume":"107","author":"D Hedrich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hedrich D, Alves P, Farrell M, St\u00f6ver H, M\u00f8ller L, Mayet S. The effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment in prison settings: a systematic review. Addiction. 2012;107(3):501\u201317.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"24432_CR96","unstructured":"Horowitz J, Wertheimer J, Vel\u00e1zquez T, Remrey L. Drug arrests stayed high even as imprisonment fell from 2009 to 2019. The Pew Charitable Trusts; 2022."},{"key":"24432_CR97","unstructured":"Dydyk AM JN, Gupta M. . Opioid Use Disorder. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan."},{"key":"24432_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.05.001","volume":"57","author":"RE Clark","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clark RE, Baxter JD, Aweh G, O\u2019Connell E, Fisher WH, Barton BA. Risk factors for relapse and higher costs among Medicaid members with opioid dependence or abuse: opioid agonists, comorbidities, and treatment history. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2015;57:75\u201380.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"24432_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2023.12.001","volume":"20","author":"S Nedjat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nedjat S, Wang Y, Eshtiaghi K, Fleming M. Is there a disparity in medications for opioid use disorder based on race\/ethnicity and gender? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2024;20(3):236\u201345.","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"issue":"10","key":"24432_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306431","volume":"111","author":"MR Larochelle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Larochelle MR, Slavova S, Root ED, Feaster DJ, Ward PJ, Selk SC, et al. Disparities in opioid overdose death trends by race\/ethnicity, 2018\u20132019, from the HEALing communities study. Am J Public Health. 2021;111(10):1851\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"24432_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-023-00736-7","author":"MR Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan MR, Hoff L, Elliott L, Scheidell JD, Pamplin JR, Townsend TN, et al. Racial\/ethnic disparities in opioid overdose prevention: comparison of the naloxone care cascade in White, Latinx, and Black people who use opioids in New York City. Harm Reduct J. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12954-023-00736-7.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"24432_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103786","volume":"110","author":"N Krawczyk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krawczyk N, Rivera BD, Jent V, Keyes KM, Jones CM, Cerd\u00e1 M. Has the treatment gap for opioid use disorder narrowed in the U.S.? A yearly assessment from 2010 to 2019. Int J Drug Policy. 2022;110: 103786.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"24432_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e180558","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.0558","volume":"1","author":"TNA Winkelman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Winkelman TNA, Chang VW, Binswanger IA. Health, polysubstance use, and criminal justice involvement among adults with varying levels of opioid use. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(3):e180558.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"24432_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0572-3","volume":"18","author":"R Heimer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heimer R, Barbour R, Palacios WR, Nichols LG, Grau LE. Associations between injection risk and community disadvantage among suburban injection drug users in southwestern Connecticut, USA. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(3):452\u201363.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"24432_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.017","volume":"191","author":"PR Freeman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freeman PR, Hankosky ER, Lofwall MR, Talbert JC. The changing landscape of naloxone availability in the United States, 2011\u20132017. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;191:361\u20134.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"24432_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.07.031","volume":"75","author":"T Townsend","year":"2020","unstructured":"Townsend T, Blostein F, Doan T, Madson-Olson S, Galecki P, Hutton DW. Cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative naloxone distribution strategies: first responder and lay distribution in the United States. Int J Drug Policy. 2020;75: 102536.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"11","key":"24432_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1914977","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.14977","volume":"2","author":"P Dietze","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dietze P, Jauncey M, Salmon A, Mohebbi M, Latimer J, van Beek I, et al. Effect of intranasal vs intramuscular naloxone on opioid overdose: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(11):e1914977.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"24432_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.07.020","volume":"31","author":"S Galea","year":"2006","unstructured":"Galea S, Worthington N, Piper TM, Nandi VV, Curtis M, Rosenthal DM. Provision of naloxone to injection drug users as an overdose prevention strategy: early evidence from a pilot study in New York City. Addict Behav. 2006;31(5):907\u201312.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"24432_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3109\/09687637.2012.658104","volume":"19","author":"T Bennett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bennett T, Holloway K. The impact of take-home naloxone distribution and training on opiate overdose knowledge and response: an evaluation of the THN project in Wales. Drugs Educ Prev Policy. 2012;19(4):320\u20138.","journal-title":"Drugs Educ Prev Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-012-9591-7","volume":"38","author":"SE Lankenau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lankenau SE, Wagner KD, Silva K, Kecojevic A, Iverson E, McNeely M, et al. Injection drug users trained by overdose prevention programs: responses to witnessed overdoses. J Community Health. 2013;38(1):133\u201341.","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"24432_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1550","volume":"357","author":"L Sordo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sordo L, Barrio G, Bravo MJ, Indave BI, Degenhardt L, Wiessing L, et al. Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ. 2017;357: j1550.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"24432_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-7-78","volume":"7","author":"CA Chong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chong CA, Li S, Nguyen GC, Sutton A, Levy MH, Butler T, et al. Health-state utilities in a prisoner population: a cross-sectional survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;7:78.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"5","key":"24432_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2022.09.009","volume":"26","author":"JW Bray","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bray JW, Thornburg BD, Gebreselassie AW, LaButte CA, Barbosa C, Wittenberg E. Estimating joint health state utility algorithms under partial information. Value Health. 2023;26(5):742\u20139.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"24432_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.10.009","volume":"157","author":"B Nosyk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nosyk B, Bray JW, Wittenberg E, Aden B, Eggman AA, Weiss RD, et al. Short term health-related quality of life improvement during opioid agonist treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;157:121\u20138.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"24432_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000768","volume":"70","author":"B Aden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aden B, Dunning A, Nosyk B, Wittenberg E, Bray JW, Schackman BR. Impact of illicit drug use on health-related quality of life in opioid-dependent patients undergoing HIV treatment. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;70(3):304\u201310.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"24432_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2021.1986877","volume":"43","author":"CN Behrends","year":"2022","unstructured":"Behrends CN, Gutkind S, Winkelstein E, Wright M, Dolatshahi J, Welch A, et al. Costs of opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution in New York City. Subst Abus. 2022;43(1):692\u20138.","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"issue":"5","key":"24432_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13729","volume":"112","author":"E Krebs","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krebs E, Urada D, Evans E, Huang D, Hser YI, Nosyk B. The costs of crime during and after publicly funded treatment for opioid use disorders: a population-level study for the state of California. Addiction. 2017;112(5):838\u201351.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"13","key":"24432_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.414","volume":"301","author":"ME Larimer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Larimer ME, Malone DK, Garner MD, Atkins DC, Burlingham B, Lonczak HS, et al. Health care and public service use and costs before and after provision of housing for chronically homeless persons with severe alcohol problems. JAMA. 2009;301(13):1349\u201357.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"24432_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S184724","volume":"11","author":"PJ Mallow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mallow PJ, Belk KW, Topmiller M, Strassels SA. Geographic variation in hospital costs, payments, and length of stay for opioid-related hospital visits in the USA. J Pain Res. 2018;11:3079\u201388.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24432-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24432-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24432-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T12:12:35Z","timestamp":1759234355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24432-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["24432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24432-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2458"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3209"}}