{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T22:32:41Z","timestamp":1794436361128,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Key Research and Development Project","award":["252102320196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252102320196"]}]},{"name":"the Henan Provincial Postgraduate Joint Training Base Project","award":["YJS2024JD25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJS2024JD25"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["72274180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72274180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although volunteer services play an increasingly important role in addressing the aging crisis, there is still insufficient evidence on which community-based older adult groups should be prioritized for service provision. This study aims to identify the key characteristics of vulnerable community-dwelling older adults with strong willingness and high demand for volunteer services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive design. A total of 852 community-dwelling older adults from four central cities in China were surveyed between March 25 and May 5, 2022, using a convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and advanced machine learning techniques in Python.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Logistic regression (AUC\u2009=\u20090.975) and random forest (AUC\u2009=\u20090.970) achieved the best performance in predicting willingness, with the most critical predictors being absence of cohabiting family care and caregiving support, living alone, poor health and depressive status, having basic medical insurance, and advanced age. For demand level, multiple linear regression (R\u00b2 = 0.230) performed best, identifying depression status, poor health, willingness to help others, and absence of government care as significant predictors. Model comparisons demonstrated robust and consistent variable importance rankings across algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a scientific basis for developing more targeted and efficient volunteer service strategies, enabling closer alignment with older adults\u2019 needs and more effective allocation of resources, thereby minimizing public resource waste. Its implementation has significant theoretical and practical value for optimizing service distribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-24902-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T11:57:17Z","timestamp":1763467037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identifying vulnerable groups of community-dwelling older adults with a strong willingness to receive volunteer services based on machine learning methods"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinrong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04354-7","volume":"23","author":"L Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang L, Wu H, Zhang F, et al. Factors associated with the perceived need for assistance from voluntary services in home-based older adults in Chinese urban areas: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23(1):624.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/17538963.2019.1700608","volume":"13","author":"C Bai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bai C, Lei X. New trends in population aging and challenges for China\u2019s sustainable development. China Econ J. 2020;13(1):3\u201323.","journal-title":"China Econ J"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s44282-024-00091-3","volume":"2","author":"Q Meixia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meixia Q, Baikady R, Ali I, et al. The status of population aging and countermeasures in Sichuan, China. Discover Global Society. 2024;2(1):58.","journal-title":"Discover Global Society"},{"issue":"6","key":"24902_CR4","first-page":"36","volume":"15","author":"J Zheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zheng J. Community elderly care policy in Shanghai under the 9073 framework: a perspective based on the networked community model. J Tianshui Administrative Coll. 2014;15(6):36\u201341.","journal-title":"J Tianshui Administrative Coll"},{"issue":"10259","key":"24902_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32136-X","volume":"396","author":"ZL Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng ZL, Glinskaya E, Chen HT, et al. Long-term care system for older adults in China: policy landscape, challenges, and future prospects. Lancet. 2020;396(10259):1362\u201372.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR6","first-page":"349","volume":"22","author":"L Duan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duan L, Liu Z, Yu W, et al. The provincial trend of population aging in China - based on population expansion forecast formula. J Comput Methods Sci Eng. 2022;22(1):349\u201359.","journal-title":"J Comput Methods Sci Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"24902_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13624","volume":"25","author":"L Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang L, Zhang F, Guo L, et al. Experiences and expectations of receiving volunteer services among home-based elderly in Chinese urban areas: a qualitative study. Health Expect. 2022;25(6):3164\u201374.","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"24902_CR8","unstructured":"The Central People\u2019s Government of the People\u2019s Republic of China. The 14th Five-Year Plan for National Aging Undertakings and the Elderly Care Service System. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.gov.cn\/gongbao\/content\/2022\/content_5678066.htm."},{"key":"24902_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103552","volume":"105","author":"M Deschodt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deschodt M, Laurent G, Cornelissen L, et al. Core components and impact of nurse-led integrated care models for home-dwelling older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2020;105:103552.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"24902_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.12015","volume":"33","author":"R Winterton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winterton R, Clune S, Warburton J, et al. Local governance responses to social inclusion for older rural V ictorians: building resources, opportunities and capabilities. Australas J Ageing. 2014;33(3):E8-12.","journal-title":"Australas J Ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"24902_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daz113","volume":"35","author":"S Fullagar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fullagar S, Petris S, Sargent J, et al. Action research with parkrun UK volunteer organizers to develop inclusive strategies. Health Promot Int. 2020;35(5):1199\u2013209.","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR12","first-page":"1","volume":"24","author":"L Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang L, Wu H, Zhang Y, et al. Motivations and strategies of voluntary service for urban home-based older adults provided by volunteers with nursing background: a qualitative study. BMC Nurs. 2025;24(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"24902_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.04.018","volume":"17","author":"E Luger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luger E, Dorner TE, Haider S, et al. Effects of a home-based and volunteer-administered physical training, nutritional, and social support program on malnutrition and frailty in older persons: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(7):671. e9-671. e16.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"24902_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-014-0254-7","volume":"27","author":"T Rantanen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rantanen T, \u00c4yr\u00e4v\u00e4inen I, Eronen J, et al. The effect of an outdoor activities\u2019 intervention delivered by older volunteers on the quality of life of older people with severe mobility limitations: a randomized controlled trial. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2015;27(2):161\u20139.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"24902_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731519863103","volume":"30","author":"K Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen K, Lou VWQ, Lo SSC. A tablet-based volunteer-mediated intervention for cognitively impaired older people: a pretest\u2013posttest. Res Social Work Pract. 2020;30(3):288\u201397.","journal-title":"Res Social Work Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"24902_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X211023924","volume":"29","author":"CM Pichan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pichan CM, Anderson CE, Min LC, et al. Geriatric education on telehealth (GET) access: a medical student volunteer program to increase access to geriatric telehealth services at the onset of COVID-19. J Telemed Telecare. 2023;29(10):816\u201324.","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0045-9","volume":"15","author":"H Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu H. Unmet needs in long-term care and their associated factors among the oldest old in China. BMC Geriatr. 2015;15(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"38","key":"24902_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35189","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035189","volume":"102","author":"Y Qin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin Y, Yao X, Ma Q, et al. Needs and influence factors of medical-nursing-pension of disabled elderly. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(38):e35189.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"24902_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15549","volume":"79","author":"J Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim J, Gwak DH, Kim S, et al. Identifying the suicidal ideation risk group among older adults in rural areas: developing a predictive model using machine learning methods. J Adv Nurs. 2023;79(2):641\u201351.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"24902_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-021-00742-9","volume":"20","author":"F Havaei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Havaei F, Ji XR, MacPhee M, et al. Identifying the most important workplace factors in predicting nurse mental health using machine learning techniques. BMC Nurs. 2021;20:1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"24902_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2024.105809","volume":"242","author":"Z Mei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mei Z, Shi Z. On LASSO for high-dimensional predictive regression. J Econom. 2024;242(2):105809.","journal-title":"J Econom"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04023050","DOI":"10.1061\/JMENEA.MEENG-5485","volume":"40","author":"H Qi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qi H, Zhou Z, Irizarry J, et al. Automatic identification of causal factors from fall-related accident investigation reports using machine learning and ensemble learning approaches. J Manage Eng. 2024;40(1):04023050.","journal-title":"J Manage Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"24902_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29838","DOI":"10.2196\/29838","volume":"8","author":"K Saqib","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saqib K, Khan AF, Butt ZA. Machine learning methods for predicting postpartum depression: scoping review. JMIR Ment Health. 2021;8(11):e29838.","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"24902_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324796ABM2403_09","volume":"24","author":"AA Stone","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stone AA, Shiffman S. Capturing momentary, self-report data: a proposal for reporting guidelines. Ann Behav Med. 2002;24(3):236\u201343.","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"24902_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/109821400102200202","volume":"22","author":"N Schwarz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schwarz N, Oyserman D. Asking questions about behavior: cognition, communication, and questionnaire construction. Am J Evaluation. 2001;22(2):127\u201360.","journal-title":"Am J Evaluation"},{"issue":"14","key":"24902_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7006","DOI":"10.3390\/app12147006","volume":"12","author":"Z Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma Z, Cui S, Joe I. An enhanced proximal policy optimization-based reinforcement learning method with random forest for hyperparameter optimization. Appl Sci. 2022;12(14):7006.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"24902_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-021-01009-y","volume":"81","author":"O G\u00fcnl\u00fck","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00fcnl\u00fck O, Kalagnanam J, Li M, et al. Optimal decision trees for categorical data via integer programming. J Glob Optim. 2021;81:233\u201360.","journal-title":"J Glob Optim"},{"issue":"10","key":"24902_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3390\/info15100639","volume":"15","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wang T, Lai Z. A feature-weighted support vector regression machine based on Hilbert\u2013Schmidt independence criterion least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Information. 2024;15(10):639.","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"24902_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e965","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.965","volume":"8","author":"M Osmanoglu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Osmanoglu M, Demir S, Tugrul B. Privacy-preserving k-NN interpolation over two encrypted databases. PeerJ Comput Sci. 2022;8:e965.","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"24902_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16533","volume":"68","author":"H Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun H, Ning R, Tao Y, et al. Risk factors for mortality in 244 older adults with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(6):E19-23.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR31","first-page":"14","volume":"6","author":"MA Pourhoseingholi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pourhoseingholi MA, Vahedi M, Rahimzadeh M. Sample size calculation in medical studies. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2013;6(1):14\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"issue":"6","key":"24902_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk052","volume":"165","author":"E Vittinghoff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vittinghoff E, McCulloch CE. Relaxing the rule of ten events per variable in logistic and cox regression. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165(6):710\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01360-w","volume":"7","author":"K Zantvoort","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zantvoort K, Nacke B, G\u00f6rlich D, et al. Estimation of minimal data sets sizes for machine learning predictions in digital mental health interventions. Npj Digit Med. 2024;7(1):361.","journal-title":"Npj Digit Med"},{"key":"24902_CR34","first-page":"61","volume":"14","author":"FI Mahoney","year":"1965","unstructured":"Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the Barthel index. Md State Med J. 1965;14:61\u20135.","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"24902_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606\u201313.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"24902_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6867","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5477","volume":"12","author":"W Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu W, Lu Y, Shou H, et al. A 5-year survival status prognosis of nonmetastatic cervical cancer patients through machine learning algorithms. Cancer Med. 2023;12(6):6867\u201376.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14490","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93651-5","volume":"11","author":"V Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh V, Pencina M, Einstein AJ, et al. Impact of train\/test sample regimen on performance estimate stability of machine learning in cardiovascular imaging. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):14490.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"24902_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1198\/000313004X946","volume":"58","author":"S Menard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Menard S. Six approaches to calculating standardized logistic regression coefficients. Am Stat. 2004;58(3):218\u201323.","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1661","volume":"25","author":"A K\u00f6nning","year":"2021","unstructured":"K\u00f6nning A, Rosenthal N, Friese M, et al. Factors associated with physician consultation and medication use in children and adolescents with chronic pain: a scoping review and original data. Eur J Pain. 2021;25(1):88\u2013106.","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"24902_CR40","unstructured":"Brink-Jensen K, Ekstr\u00f6m CT. Inference for feature selection using the Lasso with high-dimensional data. ArXiv 2014;1403.4296."},{"key":"24902_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441006","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1441006","volume":"12","author":"H Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang H, Duan Y, Hou Y, et al. The association between living alone and depressive symptoms in older adults population: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1441006.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1277","volume":"10","author":"J Hern\u00e1ndez-Ascanio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ascanio J, Perula\u2010de Torres L\u00c1, Rich\u2010Ruiz M, et al. Effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to reduce social isolation and loneliness in community\u2010dwelling elders: A randomized clinical trial. Nurs Open. 2023;10(1):48\u201360.","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13990","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13990","volume":"27","author":"L Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang L, Wu H, Zhang F, et al. Scope and inclination of voluntary service for urban community-living older adults provided by volunteers with nursing background: a qualitative study. Health Expect. 2024;27(1):e13990.","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"issue":"1","key":"24902_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03456-4","volume":"24","author":"L Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang L, Yang W, Wang L, et al. Development of a matching framework for voluntary services provided to home-dwelling older adults by nursing faculty and students based on the Kano model. BMC Nurs. 2025;24(1):866.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"24902_CR45","unstructured":"Wu S. Study on Elderly Care Service Demand and Influencing Factors Based on Residential Differences. Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2023. (In Chinese)"},{"issue":"2","key":"24902_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.05.009","volume":"79","author":"S Bennett","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bennett S, Thomas AJ. Depression and dementia: cause, consequence, or coincidence? Maturitas. 2014;79(2):184\u201390.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"24902_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.06.010","volume":"134","author":"S Wiktorsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wiktorsson S, Marlow T, Runeson B, et al. Prospective cohort study of suicide attempters aged 70 and above: one-year outcomes. J Affect Disord. 2011;134(1\u20133):333\u201340.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"24902_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0752-5","volume":"49","author":"M Noguchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Noguchi M, Iwase T, Suzuki E, et al. Social support and suicidal ideation in Japan: are home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation among elderly people in the community? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014;49(4):619\u201327.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"24902_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4268","volume":"30","author":"M Noguchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Noguchi M, Iwase T, Suzuki E, et al. Home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers and psychological distress: a population-based study of 11,312 community-dwelling older people in Japan. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015;30(12):1156\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"24902_CR50","unstructured":"Zou L. Analysis on the demand and influencing factors of community health care services in China-Analysis based on CLHLS data. Shanxi University of Finance and Economics. 2023. ( In Chinese)"},{"key":"24902_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368661","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1368661","volume":"11","author":"I Strkljevic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Strkljevic I, Tiedemann A, Souza de Oliveira J, et al. Health professionals\u2019 involvement in volunteering their professional skills: a scoping review. Front Med. 2024;11:1368661.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"24902_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pynn\u00f6nen K, Kokko K, Rantanen T. Social participation and mental well-being: does purpose in life mediate the association among older adults? Aging Ment Health. 2024;1-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2024.2363356.","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2024.2363356"},{"issue":"2","key":"24902_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764021999690","volume":"68","author":"ELM Martins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martins ELM, Salamene LC, Lucchetti ALG, et al. The association of mental health with positive behaviours, attitudes, and virtues in community-dwelling older adults: results of a population-based study. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022;68(2):392\u2013402.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24902-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24902-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24902-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T13:07:38Z","timestamp":1781615258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24902-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["24902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24902-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Ethical review No. S053). Participants\u2019 identity information was anonymized to protect their personal information. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. This research were carried out in accordance with all the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration (\n                      \n                      ) throughout the entire research process.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4033"}}