{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T13:08:30Z","timestamp":1786799310694,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-24907-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:28:12Z","timestamp":1761748092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Magnitude of intimate partner violence and its associated factors among HIV-positive women attending health facilities in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Solomon Seyife","family":"Alemu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meseret Robi","family":"Tura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wubet Tazeb","family":"Wondie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lema Mideksa","family":"Egu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belete Feyera","family":"Olkaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebisa","family":"Zerihun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belay Tafa","family":"Regassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimona","family":"Amena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lema Fikadu","family":"Wedajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemechu Gelan","family":"Bekele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"24907_CR1","unstructured":"Madhvani S. Robinson D. Social and cultural barriers keep young women out of the economy. But we can change that. World Bank Blog. 2019."},{"key":"24907_CR2","unstructured":"ACOG. Intimate Partner Violence. Feburary 2012:518."},{"key":"24907_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0","volume-title":"World report on violence and health","author":"EG Krug","year":"2002","unstructured":"Krug EG, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA, Zwi AB. R L. World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002."},{"issue":"4","key":"24907_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_74_17","volume":"60","author":"P Patra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patra P, Prakash J, Patra B, Khanna P. Intimate partner violence: wounds are deeper. Indian J Psychiatry. 2018;60(4):494\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR5","first-page":"750","volume":"5","author":"R Shamie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shamie R, Fisseha G, Ameha H, Tewelde B. Determinants of neonatal sepsis in nicus of selected hospitals in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia. East Afr J Health Sci. 2023;5(1):750\u20136.","journal-title":"East Afr J Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12619-w","volume":"22","author":"AM Yonga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yonga AM, Kiss L, Onarheim KH. A systematic review of the effects of intimate partner violence on HIV-positive pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):220.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10327","key":"24907_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02664-7","volume":"399","author":"L Sardinha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sardinha L, Maheu-Giroux M, St\u00f6ckl H, Meyer SR, Garc\u00eda-Moreno C. Global, regional, and national prevalence estimates of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence against women in 2018. Lancet. 2022;399(10327):803\u201313.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"24907_CR8","unstructured":"Organization WH. Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018: global, regional and National prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women. World Health Organization. 2021."},{"issue":"2","key":"24907_CR9","first-page":"84","volume":"27","author":"TP Sullivan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sullivan TP. The intersection of intimate partner violence and HIV: detection, disclosure, discussion, and implications for treatment adherence. Top Antiviral Med. 2019;27(2):84\u20137.","journal-title":"Top Antiviral Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02193-7","volume":"23","author":"AS Alemie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alemie AS, Yeshita HY, Zeleke EG, Mekonnen BD. Intimate partner violence and associated factors among HIV positive women attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health. 2023;23(1):43.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"24907_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0831-1","volume":"19","author":"SN Kabwama","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kabwama SN, Bukenya J, Matovu JK, Gwokyalya V, Makumbi F, Beyeza-Kashesya J, et al. Intimate partner violence among HIV positive women in care-results from a National survey, Uganda 2016. BMC Womens Health. 2019;19:1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"24907_CR12","volume":"15","author":"M Fiorentino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fiorentino M, Sagaon-Teyssier L, Ndiaye K, Suzan-Monti M, Mengue MT, Vidal L, et al. Intimate partner violence against HIV-positive Cameroonian women: prevalence, associated factors and relationship with antiretroviral therapy discontinuity-results from the ANRS-12288 EVOLCam survey. Womens Health. 2019;15:1745506519848546.","journal-title":"Womens Health"},{"key":"24907_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.938624","author":"M Mathania","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mathania M, Sirili N. Intimate partner violence among HIV-positive women in discordant relationships attending care and treatment clinics in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Front Public Health. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.938624.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"24907_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2018.v108i11.13095","volume":"108","author":"E Gomo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gomo E, Mashaphu S, Tomita A, Wyatt G. Intimate partner violence among HIV-serodiscordant couples in Durban, South Africa. South Afr Med J. 2018;108(11):960\u20134.","journal-title":"South Afr Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v9.32307","volume":"9","author":"A Kosia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kosia A, Kakoko D, Semakafu AME, Nyamhanga T. Intimate partner violence and challenges facing women living with HIV\/AIDS in accessing antiretroviral treatment at Singida regional Hospital, central Tanzania. Glob Health Action. 2016;9(1):32307.","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"24907_CR16","unstructured":"Rosa W, Goal. 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. A new era in global health: Nursing and the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development. 2017;301."},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55850-8","volume":"14","author":"SA Yilema","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yilema SA, Shiferaw YA, Belay AT, Belay DB. Mapping the spatial disparities of HIV prevalence in Ethiopian zones using the generalized additive model. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):6215.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"24907_CR18","unstructured":"Bekele A, Lakew Y. Projecting Ethiopian demographics from 2012\u20132050 using the spectrum suite of models. Ethiop Public Health Assoc. 2014;4."},{"issue":"11","key":"24907_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0293902","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293902","volume":"18","author":"A Zewdie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zewdie A, Ayele M, Melis T, Kasahun AW. Determinants of evidence-based practice among health care professionals in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(11):e0293902.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"24907_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2024.1425176","author":"TG Alemu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alemu TG, Tamir TT, Workneh BS, Mekonen EG, Ali MS, Zegeye AF, et al. Intimate partner violence and associated factors among women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Glob Womens Health. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgwh.2024.1425176.","journal-title":"Front Glob Womens Health"},{"key":"24907_CR21","volume-title":"Ethiopia demographic health Survey. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville","author":"CSA & ICF","year":"2016","unstructured":"CSA & ICF. Ethiopia demographic health Survey. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville. Maryland, USA: CSA and ICF; 2016."},{"issue":"4","key":"24907_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","volume":"151","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. PRISMA Group* t. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(4):264\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"24907_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.13105\/wjma.v5.i4.80","volume":"5","author":"C Luchini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luchini C, Stubbs B, Solmi M, Veronese N. Assessing the quality of studies in meta-analyses: advantages and limitations of the Newcastle Ottawa scale. World J Meta-Anal. 2017;5(4):80\u20134.","journal-title":"World J Meta-Anal"},{"key":"24907_CR24","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO multi-country study on women\u2019s health and domestic violenceagainst women: initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women\u2019s responses \/authors: Claudia Garcia-Moreno \u2026 et al.]. Geneva: World Health Organization(2005)."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"24907_CR25","first-page":"141","volume":"6","author":"NA Deshpande","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deshpande NA, Lewis-O\u2019Connor A. Screening for intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2013;6(3\u20134):141.","journal-title":"Rev Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"11","key":"24907_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","volume":"21","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21(11):1539\u201358.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"24907_CR27","unstructured":"Adise B. Prevalence and associated factors of intimate partner violence (IPV) among women living with and without HIV in Hawassa City public health facilities, Sidama region, Ethiopia.\u00a02022.\u00a0https:\/\/www.repositoryiphceorg\/xmlui\/handle\/123456789\/2791.\u00a0"},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-023-00542-y","volume":"20","author":"S Biranu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Biranu S, Getachew M, Kejela G, Kifilu C. Intimate partner violence against HIV-positive women on ART follow-up and associated factors in public health facilities of Western Ethiopia. AIDS Res Ther. 2023;20(1):52.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"24907_CR29","first-page":"19","volume":"13","author":"L Deribe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deribe L. Determinants of intimate partner violence among HIV positive women attending ART clinic in Fitche Hospital, central Ethiopia: an institution based cross sectional study. J Pharm Altern Med. 2016;13:19\u201327.","journal-title":"J Pharm Altern Med"},{"key":"24907_CR30","unstructured":"Deyessa N. Intimate partner violence and human immunodeficiency virus infection among married women in addis Ababa. Ethiop Med J. 2018;56(1)."},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-022-01647-y","volume":"21","author":"GG Goyomsa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goyomsa GG, Albe TA, Debela SA, Kitaw LD. Current intimate partner violence and associated factors among sero-positive women attending Adama town ART clinics, central Ethiopia 2019. Int J Equity Health. 2022;21(1):44.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"24907_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0220919","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220919","volume":"14","author":"M Meskele","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meskele M, Khuzwayo N, Taylor M. Intimate partner violence against women living with and without HIV, and the associated factors in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(8):e0220919.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0831-1","volume":"19","author":"SN Kabwama","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kabwama SN, Bukenya J, Matovu JKB, Gwokyalya V, Makumbi F, Beyeza-Kashesya J, et al. Intimate partner violence among HIV positive women in care - results from a national survey, Uganda 2016. BMC Womens Health. 2019;19(1):130.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.1.18845","volume":"17","author":"Y Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li Y, Marshall CM, Rees HC, Nunez A, Ezeanolue EE, Ehiri JE. Intimate partner violence and HIV infection among women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2014;17(1):18845.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"24907_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2016.1217829","volume":"28","author":"J Mitchell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mitchell J, Wight M, Van Heerden A, Rochat TJ. Intimate partner violence, HIV, and mental health: a triple epidemic of global proportions. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2016;28(5):452\u201363.","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"24907_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e107","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00305-8","volume":"10","author":"S Kuchukhidze","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kuchukhidze S, Panagiotoglou D, Boily MC, Diabat\u00e9 S, Eaton JW, Mbofana F, et al. The effects of intimate partner violence on women\u2019s risk of HIV acquisition and engagement in the HIV treatment and care cascade: a pooled analysis of nationally representative surveys in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet HIV. 2023;10(2):e107\u201317.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70343-2","volume":"3","author":"D Durevall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Durevall D, Lindskog A. Intimate partner violence and HIV in ten sub-Saharan African countries: what do the demographic and health surveys tell us? Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3(1):e34-43.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"24907_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.6.703","volume":"300","author":"JG Silverman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Silverman JG, Decker MR, Saggurti N, Balaiah D, Raj A. Intimate partner violence and HIV infection among married Indian women. JAMA. 2008;300(6):703\u201310.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"24907_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.02.004","volume":"31","author":"J Sareen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sareen J, Pagura J, Grant B. Is intimate partner violence associated with HIV infection among women in the United States? Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009;31(3):274\u20138.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"24907_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02673-8","volume":"24","author":"IN Ogbonnaya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ogbonnaya IN, Wanyenze RK, Reed E, Silverman JG, Kiene SM. Prevalence of and risk factors for intimate partner violence in the first 6 months following HIV diagnosis among a population-based sample in rural Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2020;24(4):1252\u201365.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"24907_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl218","volume":"35","author":"R Jewkes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jewkes R, Dunkle K, Nduna M, Levin J, Jama N, Khuzwayo N, et al. Factors associated with HIV sero-status in young rural South African women: connections between intimate partner violence and HIV. Int J Epidemiol. 2006;35(6):1461\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-511","volume":"11","author":"D Antai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Antai D. Controlling behavior, power relations within intimate relationships and intimate partner physical and sexual violence against women in Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):511.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09123-4","volume":"20","author":"D Gubi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gubi D, Nansubuga E, Wandera SO. Correlates of intimate partner violence among married women in Uganda: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1008.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"24907_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1174143","author":"B Ba\u015fkan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ba\u015fkan B, Alkan \u00d6. Determinants of intimate partner controlling behavior targeting women in T\u00fcrkiye. Front Psychol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1174143.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"24907_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517723744","volume":"36","author":"E Aizpurua","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aizpurua E, Copp J, Ricarte JJ, V\u00e1zquez D. Controlling behaviors and intimate partner violence among women in Spain: an examination of individual, partner, and relationship risk factors for physical and psychological abuse. J Interpers Violence. 2021;36(1\u20132):231\u201354.","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"24907_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185967","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2023.2185967","volume":"16","author":"O Shubina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shubina O, Mshana G, Sichalwe S, Malibwa D, Mosha N, Hashim R, et al. The association between alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence in young male perpetrators in Mwanza, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. Glob Health Action. 2023;16(1):2185967.","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"issue":"4","key":"24907_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70074-3","volume":"1","author":"E Fulu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fulu E, Jewkes R, Roselli T, Garcia-Moreno C. Prevalence of and factors associated with male perpetration of intimate partner violence: findings from the UN multi-country cross-sectional study on men and violence in Asia and the Pacific. Lancet Glob Health. 2013;1(4):e187-207.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24907-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24907-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24907-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:28:22Z","timestamp":1761748102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24907-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["24907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24907-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3666"}}