{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:11:05Z","timestamp":1791331865428,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82274345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes Grant","award":["No. ZZ13-YQ-016 and No. ZZ13-YQ-016-C1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. ZZ13-YQ-016 and No. ZZ13-YQ-016-C1"]}]},{"name":"Research Project on Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Management Mode in Medical Institutions","award":["YM2024ZD064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YM2024ZD064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-25830-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T23:45:36Z","timestamp":1765064736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Weight-adjusted waist index outperforms other obesity indices for cardiovascular disease prediction in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: insights from UK biobank"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"25830_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01937-x","volume":"22","author":"M Marassi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marassi M, Fadini GP. The cardio-renal-metabolic connection: a review of the evidence. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):195.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"21","key":"25830_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.22276","volume":"330","author":"H Larkin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Larkin H. Here\u2019s what to know about Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome, newly defined by the AHA. JAMA. 2023;330(21):2042\u20133.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"20","key":"25830_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001184","volume":"148","author":"CE Ndumele","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR, Khan SS, et al. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic health: A presidential advisory from the American heart association. Circulation. 2023;148(20):1606\u201335.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"25830_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.3241","volume":"8","author":"JW Ostrominski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ostrominski JW, Arnold SV, Butler J, Fonarow GC, Hirsch JS, Palli SR, et al. Prevalence and overlap of Cardiac, Renal, and metabolic conditions in US Adults, 1999\u20132020. JAMA Cardiol. 2023;8(11):1050\u201360.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"25830_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14829","volume":"24","author":"T Kadowaki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kadowaki T, Maegawa H, Watada H, Yabe D, Node K, Murohara T, et al. Interconnection between cardiovascular, renal and metabolic disorders: A narrative review with a focus on Japan. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(12):2283\u201396.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"24","key":"25830_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001191","volume":"148","author":"SS Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan SS, Coresh J, Pencina MJ, Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, et al. Novel prediction equations for absolute risk assessment of total cardiovascular disease incorporating cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic health: A scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2023;148(24):1982\u20132004.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"25830_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.156081","volume":"163","author":"ZA Kipp","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kipp ZA, Badmus OO, Stec DE, Hall B, Hinds TD. Jr. Bilirubin bioconversion to urobilin in the gut-liver-kidney axis: A biomarker for insulin resistance in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Metabolism. 2025;163:156081.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"8","key":"25830_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS-24-02547","volume":"178","author":"D Dicker","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dicker D, Karpati T, Promislow S, Reges O. Implications of the European association for the study of obesity\u2019s new framework definition of obesity: prevalence and association with All-Cause mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2025;178(8):1065\u201372.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"25830_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes23005","volume":"32","author":"MJ Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park MJ, Hwang SY, Kim NH, Kim SG, Choi KM, Baik SH, et al. A novel anthropometric Parameter, Weight-Adjusted waist index represents sarcopenic obesity in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2023;32(2):130\u201340.","journal-title":"J Obes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"25","key":"25830_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf057","volume":"46","author":"A Peikert","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peikert A, Vaduganathan M, Claggett BL, Kulac IJ, Litwin S, Zile M, et al. Near-universal prevalence of central adiposity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the PARAGON-HF trial. Eur Heart J. 2025;46(25):2372\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"25830_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02409-6","volume":"12","author":"N Suthahar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suthahar N, Meems LMG, Withaar C, Gorter TM, Kieneker LM, Gansevoort RT, et al. Relative fat mass, a new index of adiposity, is strongly associated with incident heart failure: data from PREVEND. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):147.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"25830_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22437","volume":"38","author":"N Motamed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Motamed N, Perumal D, Zamani F, Ashrafi H, Haghjoo M, Saeedian FS, et al. Conicity index and Waist-to-Hip ratio are superior obesity indices in predicting 10-Year cardiovascular risk among men and women. Clin Cardiol. 2015;38(9):527\u201334.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"25830_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.08.042","volume":"438","author":"I Wakabayashi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wakabayashi I, Daimon T. The cardiometabolic index as a new marker determined by adiposity and blood lipids for discrimination of diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;438:274\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"25830_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1825","volume":"33","author":"MC Amato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amato MC, Giordano C, Galia M, Criscimanna A, Vitabile S, Midiri M, et al. Visceral adiposity index: a reliable indicator of visceral fat function associated with cardiometabolic risk. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(4):920\u20132.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"25830_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-5-26","volume":"5","author":"HS Kahn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kahn HS. The lipid accumulation product performs better than the body mass index for recognizing cardiovascular risk: a population-based comparison. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2005;5:26.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"25830_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","volume":"12","author":"C Sudlow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sudlow C, Gallacher J, Allen N, Beral V, Burton P, Danesh J, et al. UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age. PLoS Med. 2015;12(3):e1001779.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"25830_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx254","volume":"40","author":"TJ Littlejohns","year":"2019","unstructured":"Littlejohns TJ, Sudlow C, Allen NE, Collins R. UK biobank: opportunities for cardiovascular research. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(14):1158\u201366.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"25830_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04013-1","volume":"23","author":"C Shu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shu C, Han H, Li H, Wei L, Wu H, Li C, et al. Cancer risk subsequent to cardiovascular disease: a prospective population-based study and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2025;23(1):192.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"25830_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001186","volume":"148","author":"CE Ndumele","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ndumele CE, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR, Chow SL, Mathew RO, Khan SS, et al. A synopsis of the evidence for the science and clinical management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome: A scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2023;148(20):1636\u201364.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4s","key":"25830_CR20","first-page":"S117","volume":"105","author":"E Paul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paul E, Stevens SBA, Carrero JJ, Foster B, Francis A, Rasheeda K, Hall, et al. KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2024;105(4s):S117\u2013314.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"19","key":"25830_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","volume":"385","author":"LA Inker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Inker LA, Eneanya ND, Coresh J, Tighiouart H, Wang D, Sang Y, et al. New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based equations to estimate GFR without race. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(19):1737\u201349.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6801","key":"25830_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6801.523-a","volume":"303","author":"B Jarman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jarman B, Townsend P, Carstairs V. Deprivation indices. BMJ. 1991;303(6801):523.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"25830_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.100","volume":"36","author":"J G\u00f3mez-Ambrosi","year":"2012","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Ambrosi J, Silva C, Galofr\u00e9 JC, Escalada J, Santos S, Mill\u00e1n D, et al. Body mass index classification misses subjects with increased cardiometabolic risk factors related to elevated adiposity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012;36(2):286\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"5","key":"25830_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13302","volume":"14","author":"KJ Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim KJ, Son S, Kim KJ, Kim SG, Kim NH. Weight-adjusted waist as an integrated index for fat, muscle and bone health in adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2023;14(5):2196\u2013203.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"25830_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544796","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1544796","volume":"16","author":"M Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang M, Xu Q, Huang L, Zhu L. Associations of weight-adjusted-waist index and systemic immune-inflammatory index with sKlotho: evidence from the NHANES 2007\u20132016. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1544796.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"25830_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341828","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1341828","volume":"15","author":"J Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song J, Li Y, Zhu J, Liang J, Xue S, Zhu Z. Non-linear associations of cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetes among US adults: a cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1341828.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"25830_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.03.017","volume":"136","author":"M Kanbay","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kanbay M, Ozbek L, Guldan M, Abdel-Rahman SM, Narin AE, Ortiz A. Ultra-processed foods and cardio-kidney-metabolic syndrome: A review of recent evidence. Eur J Intern Med. 2025;136:4\u201318.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"25830_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.214577","volume":"59","author":"AR Moschen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moschen AR, Molnar C, Geiger S, Graziadei I, Ebenbichler CF, Weiss H, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of excessive weight loss: potent suppression of adipose Interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha expression. Gut. 2010;59(9):1259\u201364.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"10","key":"25830_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3254","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2353","volume":"36","author":"AL Borel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borel AL, Boulet G, Nazare JA, Smith J, Alm\u00e9ras N, Tremblay A, et al. Improved plasma FFA\/insulin homeostasis is independently associated with improved glucose tolerance after a 1-year lifestyle intervention in viscerally obese men. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(10):3254\u201361.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"25830_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5020498","volume":"5","author":"JO Ebbert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ebbert JO, Jensen MD. Fat depots, free fatty acids, and dyslipidemia. Nutrients. 2013;5(2):498\u2013508.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"25830_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.710509","volume":"116","author":"KM Pou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pou KM, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Vasan RS, Maurovich-Horvat P, Larson MG, et al. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes are cross-sectionally related to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress: the Framingham heart study. Circulation. 2007;116(11):1234\u201341.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"25830_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.312464","volume":"40","author":"L Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang L, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE. Perivascular adipose tissue regulates vascular function by targeting vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020;40(5):1094\u2013109.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"25830_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.484113","volume":"38","author":"SA Lear","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lear SA, Humphries KH, Kohli S, Frohlich JJ, Birmingham CL, Mancini GB. Visceral adipose tissue, a potential risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis: results of the multicultural community health assessment trial (M-CHAT). Stroke. 2007;38(9):2422\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"25830_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du Y, Wang J, Li S, Meireles C, Saliba A, Castillo A et al. Digitally enhanced ketogenic diet versus low-fat diet for cardio-renal-metabolic health in a predominantly Hispanic adult population with overweight or obesity: pilot randomised clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025.","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70000"},{"issue":"14","key":"25830_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.067","volume":"68","author":"JJ Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee JJ, Pedley A, Hoffmann U, Massaro JM, Fox CS. Association of changes in abdominal fat quantity and quality with incident cardiovascular disease risk factors. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(14):1509\u201321.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"25830_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01558-8","volume":"16","author":"P Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo P, Li D, Guo Y, Meng X, Kan R, Yu X. The modified role including mediating and synergistic interactive effects of glucose tolerance status in the associations between relative fat mass and the risks of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality from the 4\u00a0C cohort study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2024;16(1):313.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"6","key":"25830_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.06.012","volume":"12","author":"K Hajian-Tilaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hajian-Tilaki K, Heidari B. Comparison of abdominal obesity measures in predicting of 10-year cardiovascular risk in an Iranian adult population using ACC\/AHA risk model: A population based cross sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2018;12(6):991\u20137.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"9","key":"25830_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246","volume":"186","author":"A Fry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fry A, Littlejohns TJ, Sudlow C, Doherty N, Adamska L, Sprosen T, et al. Comparison of sociodemographic and Health-Related characteristics of UK biobank participants with those of the general population. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;186(9):1026\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"25830_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m131","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m131","volume":"368","author":"GD Batty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Batty GD, Gale CR, Kivim\u00e4ki M, Deary IJ, Bell S. Comparison of risk factor associations in UK biobank against representative, general population based studies with conventional response rates: prospective cohort study and individual participant meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;368:m131.","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-25830-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-025-25830-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-025-25830-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:05:26Z","timestamp":1768341926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12889-025-25830-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["25830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-25830-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the UK Biobank was granted by the UK National Health Service\u2019s National Research Ethics Service (reference 11\/NW\/0382). Our research was conducted using data from UK Biobank under application number 105474. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"160"}}