{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T20:38:23Z","timestamp":1769287103155,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Port Said University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visually impaired adolescent females (either completely blind or with partial vision loss) are a vulnerable group who require special attention and care, particularly when they begin menstruation during adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate the effect of audio educational sessions versus self-instructional module on knowledge, practice and behavior for visually impaired adolescent females regarding menstruation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomized controlled trial design was conducted at El-Nor Schools in Port-Said City. Sixty visually impaired adolescent girls who had begun menstruating were randomly assigned to two groups using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Structured Interview Questionnaire, a Health Practices during Menstruation scale, and a Females\u2019 Behaviors and Restrictions during Menstruation scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The SIM group\u2019s mean score for overall knowledge of menstruation at the post-test and follow-up educational sessions was higher than that of the Audio group, with the differences being statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.000). In contrast, the Audio group\u2019s mean score for overall menstrual health practices at the post-test and follow-up sessions was higher than that of the SIM group with a statistically significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.000). Furthermore, Audio group\u2019s mean score for overall menstruation-related behaviors at the post-test and follow-up sessions was higher than that of the SIM group with a statistically significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.000). In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the pre- and post-test total scores of knowledge, health practices, and behaviors in both study groups, with the differences being statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Audio educational sessions, when combined with a Braille-based self-learning module, are both essential and highly effective in improving menstruation-related knowledge, practices, and behaviors among visually impaired adolescent girls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study protocol was registered with the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, under code number NUR13, on 7\/4\/2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-25868-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T07:33:43Z","timestamp":1766043223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of audio educational sessions versus self-instructional module on knowledge, practice and behavior for visually impaired adolescent females regarding menstruation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Maha Ramadan","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma Zaki Mohamed","family":"Farhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esraa Mostafa Abd El-Aty","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"25868_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhc.2022.234462","volume":"13","author":"RO Mohamed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohamed RO, Ragheb GS, Ibrahim WK. 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According to code NUR 7\/4\/2022(13), the ethical committee of the Nursing Faculty at Port Said University formally authorized and approved the study in accordance with the guidelines and the Helsinki Declaration. In addition, the head of the aforementioned setting approved the study once the necessary permissions were obtained. Every female participant and her parents in the study sample received an explanation from the researchers regarding the aim of the study. Each teenage girl was informed of her right to participate or not. Oral consent was obtained from all parents of the visually impaired adolescent girls by telephone. Additionally, every female participant provided her informed consent to participate. They were informed that all study data would be kept confidential and used exclusively to advance the objectives of the investigation. The participants\u2019 privacy was always maintained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"288"}}