{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:46:04Z","timestamp":1791477964723,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Key Project for Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-026-27136-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T04:35:25Z","timestamp":1774499725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The impact of stress experienced by sexual minorities on depression among chinese men who have sex with men: an analysis of the mediating effects of social support and intimate partner violence"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoni","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"27136_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-022-00414-1","volume":"21","author":"E Nouri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nouri E, Moradi Y, Moradi G. What is the global prevalence of depression among men who have sex with men? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2022;21:38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12991-022-00414-1.","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"27136_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71778","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071778","volume":"8","author":"WT Steward","year":"2013","unstructured":"Steward WT, Mi\u00e8ge P, Choi K-H. Charting a moral life: the influence of stigma and filial duties on marital decisions among chinese men who have sex with men. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e71778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0071778.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"27136_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290359","volume":"15","author":"BC Zhang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhang BC, Chu QS. MSM and HIV\/AIDS in China. Cell Res. 2005;15:858\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.cr.7290359.","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"27136_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e136","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796020000487","volume":"29","author":"D Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei D, Wang X, You X, Luo X, Hao C, Gu J, et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and suicide among men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020;29:e136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S2045796020000487.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"27136_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155798832110577","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883211057701","volume":"15","author":"H Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan H, Lin B, Shi G, Ma Y, Zhong X. Anxiety and depression status and influencing factors of MSM in the post-COVID-19 epidemic period: a cross-sectional study in Western China. Am J Mens Health. 2021;15:15579883211057701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15579883211057701.","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health"},{"key":"27136_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010127","volume":"17","author":"X An","year":"2019","unstructured":"An X, Sun Q, Fang F, Rao Z, Li X, Lv Y, et al. The prevalence of depression associated with the infection status and sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in Shenzhen, China: a cross-sectional study. IJERPH. 2019;17:127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17010127.","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"key":"27136_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00479-w","volume":"17","author":"S Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun S, Pachankis JE, Li X, Operario D. Addressing minority stress and mental health among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep. 2020;17:35\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11904-019-00479-w.","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"27136_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4559-1","volume":"19","author":"M-J Dong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dong M-J, Peng B, Liu Z-F, Ye Q-N, Liu H, Lu X-L, et al. The prevalence of HIV among MSM in China: a large-scale systematic analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:1000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4559-1.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"27136_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9439-4","volume":"13","author":"EA Salomon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Salomon EA, Mimiaga MJ, Husnik MJ, Welles SL, Manseau MW, Montenegro AB, et al. Depressive symptoms, utilization of mental health care, substance use and sexual risk among young men who have sex with men in explore: implications for age-specific interventions. AIDS Behav. 2009;13:811\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-008-9439-4.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"27136_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120701796892","volume":"20","author":"S Hirshfield","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hirshfield S, Wolitski RJ, Chiasson MA, Remien RH, Humberstone M, Wong T. Screening for depressive symptoms in an online sample of men who have sex with men. AIDS Care. 2008;20:904\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540120701796892.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"27136_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-009-9186-7","volume":"45","author":"LF Graham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Graham LF, Braithwaite K, Spikes P, Stephens CF, Edu UF. Exploring the mental health of black men who have sex with men. Community Ment Health J. 2009;45:272\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-009-9186-7.","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"27136_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988307312883","volume":"2","author":"JP De Santis","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Santis JP, Colin JM, Provencio Vasquez E, McCain GC. The relationship of depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and sexual behaviors in a predominantly hispanic sample of men who have sex with men. Am J Mens Health. 2008;2:314\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1557988307312883.","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health"},{"key":"27136_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03477-8","volume":"21","author":"S Storm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Storm S, Deuba K, Shrestha R, Pandey LR, Dahal D, Shrestha MK, et al. Social and structural factors associated with depression and suicidality among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Nepal. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21:476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03477-8.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"27136_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-018-0352-y","volume":"16","author":"GJ Wagner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wagner GJ, Ghosh-Dastidar B, El Khoury C, Ghanem CA, Balan E, Kegeles S, et al. Major depression among young men who have sex with men in beirut, and its association with structural and sexual minority-related stressors, and social support. Sex Res Soc Policy. 2019;16:513\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13178-018-0352-y.","journal-title":"Sex Res Soc Policy"},{"key":"27136_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2946","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2946","volume":"13","author":"Z Dai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dai Z, Fu J, Qu Y, Wu Y, Si M, Chen X, et al. Depressive symptoms, perceived social support, and anticipated HIV stigma among HIV-negative\/unknown men who have sex with men in China during the COVID\u201019 pandemic: a multicenter online cross\u2010sectional study. Brain Behav. 2023;13:e2946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.2946.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"27136_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0127644","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127644","volume":"10","author":"J Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu J, Qu B, Zhu Y, Hu B. The influence of social support on quality of life of men who have sex with men in China: a preliminary study. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0127644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0127644.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"27136_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2019.0015","volume":"4","author":"J Bowling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bowling J, Schoebel V, Vercruysse C. Perceptions of resilience and coping among gender-diverse individuals using photography. Transgender Health. 2019;4:176\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/trgh.2019.0015.","journal-title":"Transgender Health"},{"key":"27136_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644438","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.644438","volume":"9","author":"H Elsayed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elsayed H, O\u2019Connor C, Leyritana K, Salvana E, Cox SE. Depression, nutrition, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in men who have sex with men in Manila, Philippines. Front Public Health. 2021;9:644438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.644438.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"27136_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113711","volume":"272","author":"M De Jesus","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Jesus M, Ware D, Brown AL, Egan JE, Haberlen SA, Palella FJ, et al. Social-environmental resiliencies protect against loneliness among HIV-positive and HIV- negative older men who have sex with men: results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Soc Sci Med. 2021;272:113711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113711.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"27136_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012241248452","volume":"31","author":"W Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez W, Ortega J. Beyond the surface: intimate partner violence typology and recent depression. Violence Against Women. 2025;31:2124\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10778012241248452.","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"27136_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S89","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2023.0117","volume":"10","author":"AL Kirschbaum","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kirschbaum AL, Metheny N, Skakoon-Sparling S, Grace D, Yakubovich AR, Cox J, et al. Syndemic factors and lifetime bidirectional intimate partner violence among gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men. LGBT Health. 2023;10:S89\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/lgbt.2023.0117.","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"key":"27136_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001439","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001439","volume":"10","author":"KM Devries","year":"2013","unstructured":"Devries KM, Mak JY, Bacchus LJ, Child JC, Falder G, Petzold M, et al. Intimate partner violence and incident depressive symptoms and suicide attempts: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. PLoS Med. 2013;10:e1001439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001439.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"27136_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-010-0238-7","volume":"46","author":"U Jonsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jonsson U, Bohman H, Hjern A, Von Knorring L, Paaren A, Olsson G, et al. Intimate relationships and childbearing after adolescent depression: a population-based 15 year follow-up study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2011;46:711\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-010-0238-7.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"27136_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001609","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001609","volume":"11","author":"AM Buller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Buller AM, Devries KM, Howard LM, Bacchus LJ. Associations between intimate partner violence and health among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2014;11:e1001609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001609.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"27136_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6757-6","volume":"19","author":"AR Miltz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miltz AR, Lampe FC, Bacchus LJ, McCormack S, Dunn D, White E, et al. Intimate partner violence, depression, and sexual behaviour among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the PROUD trial. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-6757-6.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"27136_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8125-y","volume":"20","author":"L Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng L, She R, Gu J, Hao C, Hou F, Wei D, et al. The mediating role of self-stigma and self-efficacy between intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and depression among men who have sex with men in China. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-8125-y.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"27136_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241275976","volume":"26","author":"C Hong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hong C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Pushpanadh S, Stephenson R, Keum BT, et al. The associations between intimate partner violence and mental health outcomes among sexual minority men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2025;26:58\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380241275976.","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"27136_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2024.05.010","volume":"96","author":"T Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou T, Chen Q, Zhong X. Associations between sexual identity stigma and positive sexual identity, and depression among men who have sex with men in China: a mediation analysis using structural equation modelling. Ann Epidemiol. 2024;96:32\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2024.05.010.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"27136_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11652","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011652","volume":"97","author":"B Shao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shao B, Song B, Feng S, Lin Y, Du J, Shao H, et al. The relationship of social support, mental health, and health-related quality of life in human immunodeficiency virus-positive men who have sex with men: from the analysis of canonical correlation and structural equation model a cross-sectional study. Medicine. 2018;97:e11652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000011652.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"27136_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244624","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1244624","volume":"11","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li X, Liu Y, Han J, Lin K, Bai X, Lu F. Trajectories of depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged men who have sex with men with new HIV-diagnosis: a 1-year prospective cohort study in Beijing, China. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1244624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1244624.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"27136_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598921","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.598921","volume":"9","author":"D Cerecero-Garcia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cerecero-Garcia D, Vermandere H, Bojorquez I, G\u00f3mez-Castro J, Arturo S\u00e1nchez-Ochoa J, Mart\u00ednez-D\u00e1valos A, et al. Profiles of depressive symptoms among men who have sex with men and transgender women during the COVID-19 outbreak in mexico: a latent class analysis. Front Public Health. 2021;9:598921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.598921.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"27136_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2022.2119467","volume":"34","author":"V Chakrapani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chakrapani V, Kershaw T, Kaur J, Shunmugam M, Nelson R, Vijin PP, et al. Associations between sexual stigma, enacted HIV stigma, internalized HIV stigma and homonegativity, and depression: testing an extended minority stress model among men who have sex with men living with HIV in India. AIDS Care. 2022;34:1586\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2022.2119467.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"27136_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674","volume":"129","author":"IH Meyer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129:674\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"27136_CR34","volume-title":"Minority stress and lesbian women","author":"VR Brooks","year":"1981","unstructured":"Brooks VR. Minority stress and lesbian women. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books; 1981."},{"key":"27136_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2019.0223","volume":"7","author":"AJ Rich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rich AJ, Salway T, Scheim A, Poteat T. Sexual minority stress theory: remembering and honoring the work of Virginia Brooks. LGBT Health. 2020;7:124\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/lgbt.2019.0223.","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"key":"27136_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0640-z","volume":"45","author":"K-H Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi K-H, Steward WT, Mi\u00e8ge P, Hudes E, Gregorich SE. Sexual stigma, coping styles, and psychological distress: a longitudinal study of men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. Arch Sex Behav. 2016;45:1483\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-015-0640-z.","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"27136_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-013-9523-8","volume":"38","author":"DM Frost","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frost DM, Lehavot K, Meyer IH. Minority stress and physical health among sexual minority individuals. J Behav Med. 2015;38:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10865-013-9523-8.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"27136_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-020-01693-z","volume":"49","author":"L Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng L, Hart TA, Noor SW, Wen G. Stressors based on sexual orientation and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals in China: minority stress and perceived pressure to get married. Arch Sex Behav. 2020;49:1769\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-020-01693-z.","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"27136_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000749","volume":"90","author":"MR Lattanner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lattanner MR, Pachankis JE, Hatzenbuehler ML. Mechanisms linking distal minority stress and depressive symptoms in a longitudinal, population-based study of gay and bisexual men: a test and extension of the psychological mediation framework. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2022;90:638\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000749.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"27136_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038994","volume":"51","author":"L Baams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baams L, Grossman AH, Russell ST. Minority stress and mechanisms of risk for depression and suicidal ideation among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Dev Psychol. 2015;51:688\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0038994.","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"27136_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000486","volume":"13","author":"SW Whitton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Whitton SW, Welge JA, Newcomb ME. Evaluation of traditional risk factors for intimate partner violence among sexual and gender minority youth. Psychol Violence. 2023;13:456\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/vio0000486.","journal-title":"Psychol Violence"},{"key":"27136_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000002189","volume":"52","author":"G Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang G, Liu X, Li J, He J, Zhong X. Minority stress and intimate violence perpetration among men who have sex with men in China: Hazardous alcohol use as a meditator. Sex Trans Dis. 2025;52:618\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000002189.","journal-title":"Sex Trans Dis"},{"key":"27136_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000147","volume":"3","author":"SD Jackson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jackson SD, Mohr JJ. Conceptualizing the closet: Differentiating stigma concealment and nondisclosure processes. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2016;3:80\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/sgd0000147.","journal-title":"Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers"},{"key":"27136_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Herek GM, Gillis JR, Cogan JC. Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: insights from a social psychological perspective. J Couns Psychol. 2009;56(1):32\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0014672.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014672"},{"key":"27136_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9305-x","volume":"37","author":"TB Neilands","year":"2008","unstructured":"Neilands TB, Steward WT, Choi K-H. Assessment of stigma towards homosexuality in China: a study of men who have sex with men. Arch Sex Behav. 2008;37:838\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-007-9305-x.","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"27136_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00407-X","volume":"31","author":"N Freedner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Freedner N, Freed LH, Yang YW, Austin SB. Dating violence among gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents: results from a community survey. J Adolesc Health. 2002;31:469\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00407-X.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"27136_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000104","volume":"2","author":"CB Stults","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stults CB, Javdani S, Greenbaum CA, Barton SC, Kapadia F, Halkitis PN. Intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization among YMSM: the P18 cohort study. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2015;2:152\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/sgd0000104.","journal-title":"Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers"},{"key":"27136_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30622-6","volume":"10","author":"EM Andresen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Andresen EM, Malmgren JA, Carter WB, Patrick DL. Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). Am J Prev Med. 1994;10:77\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"27136_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-03223-9","volume":"13","author":"X Zuo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zuo X, Chen Y. Association between activities of daily living and depression symptoms among older adults in China: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychol. 2025;13:989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03223-9.","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"27136_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"L Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equation Modeling: Multidisciplinary J. 1999;6:1\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705519909540118.","journal-title":"Struct Equation Modeling: Multidisciplinary J"},{"key":"27136_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2013.773815","volume":"60","author":"X Hu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hu X, Wang Y, LGB Identity Among Young Chinese. The influence of traditional culture. J Homosex. 2013;60:667\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00918369.2013.773815.","journal-title":"J Homosex"},{"key":"27136_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11212849","volume":"11","author":"T Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou T, Chen Q, Zhong X. A study of the relationship between men who have sex with men stigma and depression: a moderated mediation model. Healthcare. 2023;11:2849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare11212849.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"27136_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000535","volume":"68","author":"S Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun S, Hoyt WT, Tarantino N, Pachankis JE, Whiteley L, Operario D, et al. Cultural context matters: testing the minority stress model among Chinese sexual minority men. J Couns Psychol. 2021;68:526\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cou0000535.","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"key":"27136_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112917","volume":"252","author":"S Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun S, Budge S, Shen W, Xu G, Liu M, Feng S. Minority stress and health: a grounded theory exploration among men who have sex with men in China and implications for health research and interventions. Soc Sci Med. 2020;252:112917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112917.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"27136_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988316677506","volume":"11","author":"R Stephenson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stephenson R, Finneran C. Minority stress and intimate partner violence among gay and bisexual men in Atlanta. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11:952\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1557988316677506.","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health"},{"key":"27136_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2013.839911","volume":"61","author":"C Finneran","year":"2014","unstructured":"Finneran C, Stephenson R. Intimate partner violence, minority stress, and sexual risk-taking among U.S. men who have sex with men. J Homosex. 2014;61:288\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00918369.2013.839911.","journal-title":"J Homosex"},{"key":"27136_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605241271395","volume":"40","author":"J Pless","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pless J, Gibbs JJ. How Do intimate partner violence, outness, and community connection relate to minority stressors for men who have sex with men? J Interpers Violence. 2025;40:3333\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605241271395.","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"27136_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000371","volume":"7","author":"NA Livingston","year":"2020","unstructured":"Livingston NA, Flentje A, Brennan J, Mereish EH, Reed O, Cochran BN. Real-time associations between discrimination and anxious and depressed mood among sexual and gender minorities: the moderating effects of lifetime victimization and identity concealment. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2020;7:132\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/sgd0000371.","journal-title":"Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers"},{"key":"27136_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.22255","volume":"45","author":"P Kittiteerasack","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kittiteerasack P, Matthews AK, Steffen AD. Loneliness mediates the association of minority stress and depression in sexual and gender minority populations in Thailand. Res Nurs Health. 2022;45:580\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nur.22255.","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"27136_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0480-x","volume":"44","author":"JE Pachankis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pachankis JE. A transdiagnostic minority stress treatment approach for gay and bisexual men\u2019s syndemic health conditions. Arch Sex Behav. 2015;44:1843\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-015-0480-x.","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"27136_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-9898-x","volume":"15","author":"SA Safren","year":"2011","unstructured":"Safren SA, Blashill AJ, O\u2019Cleirigh CM. Promoting the sexual health of MSM in the context of comorbid mental health problems. AIDS Behav. 2011;15:30\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-011-9898-x.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"27136_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-021-01958-1","volume":"51","author":"G Swann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Swann G, Dyar C, Baidoo L, Crosby S, Newcomb ME, Whitton SW. Intersectional minority stress and intimate partner violence: the effects of enacted stigma on racial minority youth assigned female at birth. Arch Sex Behav. 2022;51:1031\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-021-01958-1.","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-026-27136-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-026-27136-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-026-27136-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:30:54Z","timestamp":1777941054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12889-026-27136-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["27136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-026-27136-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University (Approval No. 2019001). All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to their involvement.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1460"}}