{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:10:32Z","timestamp":1779199832954,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The first two years of life affect health over the life course. Universal parenting support programmes may promote child health during these years but there is a lack of such evidence-based programmes. Our aim was to study the direct effects of a structured 4 sessions universal parenting programme for parents with children 1\u20132\u00a0years old, Little All Children in Focus, in Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A two-arm parallel randomised controlled superiority trial with 832 Swedish-speaking parents was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Little All Children In Focus programme in comparison with an active control receiving four digital lectures on child development and parenthood. The participants completed questionnaires at baseline and post intervention measuring the primary outcomes: parenting self-efficacy and stress, coparenting quality, emotion regulation for parents and emotion regulation strategies for their children, and secondary outcome: child socioemotional development. A third research question concerned whether the intervention could engage and retain parents in groups. An intention-to-treat approach was applied using linear mixed models for analysing the effectiveness of the programme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Parents who participated in the programme demonstrated greater improvements in supportive emotion regulation strategies compared to the active control (\n                      <jats:inline-formula>\n                        <jats:tex-math>$$\\beta$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      = 3.0, CI\u2009=\u20090.9 \u2013 5.0), while no notable group differences emerged across the remaining outcome measures. The program demonstrated high levels of parental engagement and retention in group settings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little All Children in Focus demonstrates potential in promoting supportive parenting emotion regulation strategies among Swedish speaking parents to 1\u20132-year-olds. The intervention also seems to have potential to engage parents. However, further evaluations must be conducted to provide a deeper understanding of the long-term impact of this universal parenting support programme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study protocol\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/rdcu.be\/eAxn2\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/rdcu.be\/eAxn2<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      was published at\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      with registration number: NCT05445141 (registered on July 06, 2022).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-026-27733-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:10:08Z","timestamp":1779196208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Little All Children in\u00a0Focus (Little ACF) \u2013 evaluation of a parenting support programme for parents of children aged 1\u20132\u00a0years in Sweden: a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Edenius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lene","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"\u00c5hl\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Enebrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"27733_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpendale JL, C. What makes us human: how minds develop through social interactions. New York NY: Routledge; 2020.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003125105"},{"key":"27733_CR2","unstructured":"Siddiqi A, Irwin LG, Hertzman C. Early child development: a powerful equalizer: final report for the World Health Organization's Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. Vancouver Human Early Learning Partnership & Commission on Social Determinants of Health; 2007."},{"key":"27733_CR3","volume-title":"The First Thousand Days: an evidence paper \u2013 summary","author":"T Moore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moore T, Arefadib N, Deery A, Keyes M, West S, Melbourne V. The First Thousand Days: an evidence paper \u2013 summary. Melbourne: Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute; 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"27733_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16710-8","volume":"23","author":"IN Fierloos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fierloos IN, Windhorst DA, Fang Y, Hosman CMH, Jonkman H, Crone MR, et al. The association between perceived social support and parenting self-efficacy among parents of children aged 0\u20138 years. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"27733_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-017-0830-5","volume":"26","author":"A Wittkowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wittkowski A, Garrett C, Calam R, Weisberg D. Self-report measures of parental self-efficacy: a systematic review of the current literature. J Child Fam Stud. 2017;26(11):2960\u201378.","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"27733_CR6","volume-title":"Authentic happiness: using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fullfillment","author":"MEP Seligman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Seligman MEP. Authentic happiness: using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fullfillment. New York: Free Press; 2002."},{"issue":"2","key":"27733_CR7","first-page":"143","volume":"4","author":"THK Lomas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lomas THK, Ivtzan I. Positive developmental psychology: a review of literature concerning well-being throughout the lifespan. J Happiness Well-Being. 2016;4(2):143\u201364.","journal-title":"J Happiness Well-Being"},{"key":"27733_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrova K. Emotion Regulation in Self and Others. 2023. p. 35\u201354.","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009304368.004"},{"issue":"5","key":"27733_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.43.5.1170","volume":"43","author":"TL Spinrad","year":"2007","unstructured":"Spinrad TL, Eisenberg N, Gaertner B, Popp T, Smith CL, Kupfer A, et al. Relations of maternal socialization and toddlers\u2019 effortful control to children\u2019s adjustment and social competence. Dev Psychol. 2007;43(5):1170\u201386.","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"27733_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-019-1043-3","volume":"8","author":"A McLuckie","year":"2019","unstructured":"McLuckie A, Landers AL, Curran JA, Cann R, Carrese DH, Nolan A, et al. A scoping review of mental health prevention and intervention initiatives for infants and preschoolers at risk for socio-emotional difficulties. Syst Rev. 2019;8(1):183\u2013219.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"27733_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-017-0204-1","volume":"5","author":"G Lindsay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lindsay G, Totsika V. The effectiveness of universal parenting programmes: the CANparent trial. BMC Psychol. 2017;5(1):35\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"27733_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1083","volume":"14","author":"M Ulfsdotter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ulfsdotter M, Enebrink P, Lindberg L. Effectiveness of a universal health-promoting parenting program: a randomized waitlist-controlled trial of All Children in Focus. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):1083.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5 och 6","key":"27733_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.62607\/smt.v97i5-6.38198","volume":"97","author":"H Stattin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stattin H, Enebrink P. F\u00f6r\u00e4ldrast\u00f6d p\u00e5 universell niv\u00e5: En forsknings\u00f6versikt. Socialmedicinsk Tidskr. 2020;97(5 och 6):888\u2013909.","journal-title":"Socialmedicinsk Tidskr"},{"issue":"5","key":"27733_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003602","volume":"18","author":"J Jeong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeong J, Franchett EE, Ramos de Oliveira CV, Rehmani K, Yousafzai AK. Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2021;18(5):e1003602.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"27733_CR15","first-page":"CD003680","volume":"2019","author":"J Barlow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barlow J, Bergman H, Korn\u00f8r H, Wei Y, Bennett C, Barlow J. Group\u2010based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2019(10):CD003680.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"27733_CR16","first-page":"CD002020","volume":"2014","author":"J Barlow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barlow J, Smailagic N, Huband N, Roloff V, Bennett C, Barlow J. Group\u2010based parent training programmes for improving parental psychosocial health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(5):CD002020.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"27733_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12993","volume":"63","author":"L Bai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bai L, Chimed\u2010Ochir U, Teti DM. Coparenting as a family\u2010level construct: parent and child inputs across the first two years. Fam Process. 2024;63(4):1982\u201399.","journal-title":"Fam Process"},{"key":"27733_CR18","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Coparenting in diverse family systems","author":"JP McHale","year":"2019","unstructured":"McHale JP, Sirotkin YS, Bornstein MH. Coparenting in diverse family systems. 3 ed. Routledge; 2019. p. 137\u201366.","edition":"3 ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"27733_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9201-9","volume":"36","author":"J Wyatt Kaminski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wyatt Kaminski J, Valle LA, Filene JH, Boyle CL. A meta-analytic review of components associated with parent training program effectiveness. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2008;36(4):567\u201389.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"27733_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-025-05580-1","volume":"25","author":"S Cibralic","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cibralic S, Wu WT, Ahinkorah BO, Lam-Cassettari C, Woolfenden S, Kohlhoff J, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of home visiting interventions aimed at enhancing child mental health, psychosocial, and developmental outcomes in vulnerable families. BMC Pediatr. 2025;25(1):314\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"27733_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves CRL, Seibel BL, Gaspardo CM, Altafin ERP, Linhares MBM. Home-visiting Parenting Programs to Improve Mother-Infant Interactions at Early Ages: A Systematic Review. Intervenci\u00f3n psicosocial. 2024.","DOI":"10.5093\/pi2024a7"},{"key":"27733_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2021.104016","volume":"149","author":"SS Havighurst","year":"2022","unstructured":"Havighurst SS, Kehoe CE, Harley AE, Radovini A, Thomas R. A randomized controlled trial of an emotion socialization parenting program and its impact on parenting, children\u2019s behavior and parent and child stress cortisol: Tuning in to Toddlers. Behav Res Ther. 2022;149:104016.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"27733_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.74.1.10","volume":"74","author":"A Morawska","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morawska A, Sanders MR. Self-administered behavioral family intervention for parents of toddlers: Part I. Efficacy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006;74(1):10\u20139.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"27733_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2022.2086809","volume":"22","author":"PR Britto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Britto PR, Bradley RH, Yoshikawa H, Ponguta LA, Richter L, Kotler JA. The future of parenting programs: III uptake and scale. Parent Sci Pract. 2022;22(3):258\u201375.","journal-title":"Parent Sci Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"27733_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-024-01681-y","volume":"25","author":"IV Cin\u00e0","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cin\u00e0 IV, Lindberg L, Enebrink P. \u201cAll Children in Focus\u201d: effects of a universal parenting program at a 6-month follow-up in a randomized controlled trial in Sweden. Prev Sci. 2024;25(4):673\u201384.","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"27733_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07212-4","volume":"24","author":"L Blom","year":"2023","unstructured":"Blom L, Edenius A, Enebrink P, Hjern A, Silfverdal SA, \u00c5hl\u00e9n J, et al. Little All Children in Focus (Little ACF), evaluation of a parental support program for parents of children aged 1\u20132 years: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2023;24(1):184\u2013211.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"27733_CR27","volume-title":"Universal parenting support to prevent abuse and neglect: a policy call for national governments","author":"UNICEF","year":"2022","unstructured":"UNICEF. Universal parenting support to prevent abuse and neglect: a policy call for national governments. New York: UNICEF; 2022."},{"key":"27733_CR28","volume-title":"WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent maltreatment and enhance parent\u2013child relationships with children aged 0\u201317 years","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent maltreatment and enhance parent\u2013child relationships with children aged 0\u201317 years. Geneva: WHO; 2023."},{"key":"27733_CR29","unstructured":"Svenska Barnh\u00e4lsov\u00e5rdsregistrets utdataportal (BHVQ). 2025. Cited 2025\u201305\u201331."},{"key":"27733_CR30","unstructured":"Barnh\u00e4lsov\u00e5rden. Rikshandboken Barnh\u00e4lsov\u00e5rd f\u00f6r proffessionen. website: Barnh\u00e4lsov\u00e5rden; 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.rikshandboken-bhv.se\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"27733_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2005.03479.x","volume":"51","author":"S Kendall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kendall S, Bloomfield L. Developing and validating a tool to measure parenting self-efficacy. J Adv Nurs. 2005;51(2):174\u201381.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"27733_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9450.00028","volume":"38","author":"M \u00d6stberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"\u00d6stberg M, Hagekull B, Wettergren S. A measure of parental stress in mothers with small children: dimensionality, stability and validity. Scand J Psychol. 1997;38(3):199\u2013208.","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"27733_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2012.638870","volume":"12","author":"ME Feinberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Feinberg ME, Brown LD, Kan ML. A multi-domain self-report measure of coparenting. Parent Sci Pract. 2012;12(1):1\u201321.","journal-title":"Parent Sci Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"27733_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000657","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2020-000657","volume":"5","author":"M Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m M, Salari R, Hjern A, Hogn\u00e4s R, Bergqvist K, Fransson E. Importance of living arrangements and coparenting quality for young children\u2019s mental health after parental divorce: a cross-sectional parental survey. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2021;5(1):e000657.","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"27733_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-017-0847-9","volume":"26","author":"AI Pereira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pereira AI, Barros L, Roberto MS, Marques T. Development of the Parent Emotion Regulation Scale (PERS): factor structure and psychometric qualities. J Child Fam Stud. 2017;26(12):3327\u201338.","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"27733_CR36","volume-title":"Ages & Stages Questionnaires\u00ae: Social-Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ\u00ae:SE-2): a parent-completed child monitoring system for social-emotional behaviors","author":"J Squires","year":"2015","unstructured":"Squires J, Bricker D, Twombly E. Ages & Stages Questionnaires\u00ae: Social-Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ\u00ae:SE-2): a parent-completed child monitoring system for social-emotional behaviors. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc.; 2015."},{"key":"27733_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edenius A, Bergstr\u00f6m M, Lindberg L, Bergqvist K, Fr\u00f6jlinger A, Enebrink P, et al. Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of ages and stages questionnaire social-emotional: second edition for parents of children 18 months of age. BMC Psychology. 2024;12(1):564\u201313.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01996-z"},{"key":"27733_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100684\u2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2020.100684","volume":"20","author":"JWR Twisk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Twisk JWR, Rijnhart JJM, Hoekstra T, Schuster NA, ter Wee MM, Heymans MW. Intention-to-treat analysis when only a baseline value is available. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2020;20:100684-.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials Commun"},{"key":"27733_CR39","first-page":"166","volume-title":"Emotion regulation and parenting","author":"TL Spinrad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spinrad TL, Eisenberg N. Parental socialization of children\u2019s emotion and its regulation. In: Roskam I, Gross JJ, Mikolajczak M, editors. Emotion regulation and parenting. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2024. p. 166\u201386."},{"issue":"4","key":"27733_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP2904_13","volume":"29","author":"M \u00d6stberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"\u00d6stberg M, Hagekull B. A structural modeling approach to the understanding of parenting stress. J Clin Child Psychol. 2000;29(4):615\u201325.","journal-title":"J Clin Child Psychol"},{"key":"27733_CR41","unstructured":"Cohen, J. Statistical Power Analysis For The Behavioral Sciences (rev ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1988. 1988. p. 1007\u2013."},{"issue":"9","key":"27733_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp004","volume":"34","author":"JA Durlak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Durlak JA. How to select, calculate, and interpret effect sizes. J Pediatr Psychol. 2009;34(9):917\u201328.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"27733_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16823-0","volume":"23","author":"L van Leuven","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Leuven L, Engelbrektsson J, Forster M. Reach and predictors of effects during nation-wide dissemination of the universal parenting program All Children in Focus. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"27733_CR44","unstructured":"Type of family for children and young persons aged 0\u201321 and living at home by sex, age, type of family, Swedish\/foreign background and parents\u00b4 level of education. Statistiska centralbyr\u00e5n (SCB). 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se\/pxweb\/sv\/ssd\/START__LE__LE0102__LE0102B\/LE0102T17\/. Cited 2025 May 25."}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-026-27733-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-026-27733-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-026-27733-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:31:24Z","timestamp":1779197484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12889-026-27733-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["27733"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-026-27733-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was granted by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (registration number 2022\u201302603-01). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All methods in this study were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and ethical standards for research involving human participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Concent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1563"}}