{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:11:18Z","timestamp":1789035078019,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":64,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-026-28293-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T08:14:54Z","timestamp":1783498494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 vaccination and mortality: a cross-national path analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7606-042X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulya","family":"Ipek-Erdem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3540-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"Erpek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2184-482X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volkan","family":"Gen\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8051-9165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aybars","family":"Bars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6766-3202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabri","family":"Erdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3734-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Servet","family":"Akar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"28293_CR1","unstructured":"Who director-general's opening remarks at the media briefing on covid-19-11 march 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/director-general\/speeches\/detail\/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020."},{"issue":"6","key":"28293_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060548","volume":"9","author":"GF Al-Jayyousi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Jayyousi GF, Sherbash MAM, Ali LAM, El-Heneidy A, Alhussaini NWZ, Elhassan MEA, et al. Factors Influencing Public Attitudes towards COVID-19 Vaccination: A Scoping Review Informed by the Socio-Ecological Model. Vaccines. 2021;9(6):548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9060548.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"28293_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lun P, Gao J, Tang B, Yu CC, Jabbar KA, Low JA et al. A social ecological approach to identify the barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination acceptance: A scoping review. PLOS ONE. 2022;17(10):e0272642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0272642.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272642"},{"key":"28293_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100899","volume":"12","author":"RD Nindrea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nindrea RD, Usman E, Katar Y, Sari NP. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and correlated variables among global populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Epidemiol Global Health. 2021;12:100899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cegh.2021.100899.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Global Health"},{"key":"28293_CR5","unstructured":"Coronavirus (COVID-19). Cases - Our World in Data. Available from: https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/covid-cases. Cited 2025 20 May."},{"key":"28293_CR6","unstructured":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Deaths. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/covid-deaths."},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07800-w","volume":"22","author":"IDJ Ascencio-Montiel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ascencio-Montiel IDJ, Ovalle-Luna OD, Rasc\u00f3n-Pacheco RA, Borja-Aburto VH, Chowell G. Comparative epidemiology of five waves of COVID-19 in Mexico, March 2020\u2013August 2022. BMC Infect Dis. 2022;22(1):813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07800-w.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"28293_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.10.102","volume":"538","author":"M Giovanetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giovanetti M, Benedetti F, Campisi G, Ciccozzi A, Fabris S, Ceccarelli G, et al. Evolution patterns of SARS-CoV-2: Snapshot on its genome variants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021;538:88\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.10.102.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-021-00915-3","volume":"10","author":"Q Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Q, Qin C, Liu M, Liu J. Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Dis Poverty. 2021;10(1):132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-021-00915-3.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"28293_CR10","unstructured":"Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants. https:\/\/www.who.int\/activities\/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants."},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12985-5","volume":"22","author":"T Aida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aida T, Shoji M. Cross-country evidence on the role of national governance in boosting COVID-19 vaccination. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-12985-5.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"28293_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01122-8","volume":"5","author":"E Mathieu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mathieu E, Ritchie H, Ortiz-Ospina E, Roser M, Hasell J, Appel C, et al. A global database of COVID-19 vaccinations. Nat Hum Behav. 2021;5(7):947\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-021-01122-8.","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"28293_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671896","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.671896","volume":"9","author":"KT Paul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paul KT, Eberl JM, Partheym\u00fcller J. Policy-Relevant Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination: Associations With Demography, Health Risk, and Social and Political Factors. Front Public Health. 2021;9:671896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.671896.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10010110","volume":"10","author":"CS Shakeel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shakeel CS, Mujeeb AA, Mirza MS, Chaudhry B, Khan SJ. Global COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: A Systematic Review of Associated Social and Behavioral Factors. Vaccines. 2022;10(1):110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10010110.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"28293_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101113","volume":"40","author":"F Cascini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cascini F, Pantovic A, Al-Ajlouni Y, Failla G, Ricciardi W. Attitudes, acceptance and hesitancy among the general population worldwide to receive the COVID-19 vaccines and their contributing factors: A systematic review. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;40:101113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101113.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"28293_CR16","unstructured":"Kathryn M Edwards, Walter A Orenstein: COVID-19: Vaccines. In: UpToDate. edn. Edited by Post TW. Waltham, MA. Accesed on March 12, 2023; 2023."},{"issue":"12","key":"28293_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7435","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127435","volume":"19","author":"HA Noda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Noda HA, Macro-Level. Association of Vaccination Rate with the Number of Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in the United States and Japan. IJERPH. 2022;19(12):7435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19127435.","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"issue":"10328","key":"28293_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00152-0","volume":"399","author":"DR Feikin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feikin DR, Higdon MM, Abu-Raddad LJ, Andrews N, Araos R, Goldberg Y, et al. Duration of effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease: results of a systematic review and meta-regression. Lancet. 2022;399(10328):924\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00152-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"28293_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofac138","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac138","volume":"9","author":"MM Higdon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Higdon MM, Wahl B, Jones CB, Rosen JG, Truelove SA, Baidya A, et al. A Systematic Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Disease. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9(6):ofac138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofac138.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11010074","volume":"11","author":"I Hoxha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoxha I, Agahi R, Bimbashi A, Aliu M, Raka L, Bajraktari I, et al. Higher COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Are Associated with Lower COVID-19 Mortality: A Global Analysis. Vaccines. 2022;11(1):74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines11010074.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"28293_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150095","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1150095","volume":"11","author":"C Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou C, Wheelock \u00c5M, Zhang C, Ma J, Dong K, Pan J, et al. The role of booster vaccination in decreasing COVID-19 age-adjusted case fatality rate: Evidence from 32 countries. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1150095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1150095 . PubMed PMID: 37143970; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10151823.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"28293_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01377-8","volume":"27","author":"DS Khoury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khoury DS, Cromer D, Reynaldi A, Schlub TE, Wheatley AK, Juno JA, et al. Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med. 2021;27(7):1205\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01377-8.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"10292","key":"28293_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01290-3","volume":"397","author":"EC Wall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wall EC, Wu M, Harvey R, Kelly G, Warchal S, Sawyer C, et al. Neutralising antibody activity against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs B.1.617.2 and B.1.351 by BNT162b2 vaccination. Lancet. 2021;397(10292):2331\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01290-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"28293_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levin EG, Lustig Y, Cohen C, Fluss R, Indenbaum V, Amit S, et al. Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(24). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2114583.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114583"},{"issue":"10309","key":"28293_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02183-8","volume":"398","author":"SY Tartof","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tartof SY, Slezak JM, Fischer H, Hong V, Ackerson BK, Ranasinghe ON, et al. Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months in a large integrated health system in the USA: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2021;398(10309):1407\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02183-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"15","key":"28293_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114255","volume":"385","author":"YM Bar-On","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bar-On YM, Goldberg Y, Mandel M, Bodenheimer O, Freedman L, Kalkstein N, et al. Protection of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 in Israel. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(15):1393\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2114255.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"28293_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2111462","volume":"385","author":"VG Hall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hall VG, Ferreira VH, Ku T, Ierullo M, Majchrzak-Kita B, Chaparro C, et al. Randomized Trial of a Third Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Transplant Recipients. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(13):1244\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2111462.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"28293_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7104a2","volume":"71","author":"MW Tenforde","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tenforde MW, Patel MM, Gaglani M, Ginde AA, Douin DJ, Talbot HK, et al. Effectiveness of a Third Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalization Among Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Adults \u2014 United States, August\u2013December 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(4):118\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7104a2.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"28293_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060661","volume":"9","author":"J Stojanovic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stojanovic J, Boucher VG, Gagne M, Gupta S, Joyal-Desmarais K, Paduano S, et al. Global Trends and Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: Findings from the iCARE Study. Vaccines. 2021;9(6):661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9060661.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-022-00177-6","volume":"2","author":"Q Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Q, Hu S, Du F, Zang S, Xing Y, Qu Z, et al. Mapping global acceptance and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Commun Med. 2022;2(1):113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43856-022-00177-6.","journal-title":"Commun Med"},{"key":"28293_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang W, Wu Q, Yang J, Dong K, Chen X, Bai X, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for covid-19 vaccination: descriptive study. BMJ. 2020;m4704.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4704"},{"issue":"9","key":"28293_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00320-6","volume":"22","author":"OJ Watson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Watson OJ, Barnsley G, Toor J, Hogan AB, Winskill P, Ghani AC. Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(9):1293\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00320-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"28293_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.24018\/ejdevelop.2022.2.3.104","volume":"2","author":"L Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou L, Puthenkalam JJ. Effects of the Human Development Index on COVID-19 Mortality Rates in High-Income Countries. EJDEVELOP. 2022;2(3):26\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24018\/ejdevelop.2022.2.3.104.","journal-title":"EJDEVELOP"},{"issue":"5","key":"28293_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0107","volume":"107","author":"M Baghbanzadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baghbanzadeh M, Smith M, Pilz J, Rahman MS, Karamehic-Muratovic A, Garg A, et al. Country-Level Governance Indicators as Predictors of COVID-19 Morbidity, Mortality, and Vaccination Coverage: An Exploratory Global Analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022;107(5):1066\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0107 . PubMed PMID: 36318889; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9709024.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"28293_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kanokudom S, Piamsa-nga N, Ratanapanich K, Prasattongosoth K, Suchitbharabitya M, Piamsa-nga P, et al. Impact of Economic Factor, Percent Vaccination, Healthcare Quality, and Population Density on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Mortality Rates: A Global Analysis in 2023. Cureus. 2025 Mar;14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.80582.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.80582"},{"key":"28293_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Coccia M. Only vaccinations cannot reduce mortality and stop the COVID-19 pandemic because of manifold environmental and socioeconomic factors driving diffusion. In Review. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1312175\/v1. https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-1312175\/v1. Cited 2025 21 May.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1312175\/v1"},{"issue":"4","key":"28293_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3934\/publichealth.2021052","volume":"8","author":"A Roghani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roghani A. The relationship between macro-socioeconomics determinants and COVID-19 vaccine distribution. AIMS Public Health. 2021;8(4):655\u201364. doi:10.3934\/publichealth.2021052 PubMed PMID: 34786426; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8568597.","journal-title":"AIMS Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-023-00982-1","volume":"19","author":"RE Da Silva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Da Silva RE, Novaes MRCG, De Oliveira C, Guilhem DB. National governance and excess mortality due to COVID-19 in 213 countries: a retrospective analysis and perspectives on future pandemics. Global Health. 2023;19(1):80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12992-023-00982-1.","journal-title":"Global Health"},{"key":"28293_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Allen D. Excess Deaths and Excess Covid Booster Vaccine Doses \u2013 are they related? MRAJ. 2023;11(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18103\/mra.v11i12.4841.","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v11i12.4841"},{"issue":"10","key":"28293_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pgad318","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad318","volume":"2","author":"SX Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen SX, fang Ye FT, Cheng KL, Ng JCK, Lam BCP, Hui BPH et al. V <>Capraro editor 2023 Social media trust predicts lower COVID-19 vaccination rates and higher excess mortality over 2 years. PNAS Nexus 2 10 pgad318 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad318.","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"issue":"10","key":"28293_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.26719\/emhj.22.074","volume":"28","author":"A Ylli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ylli A, Burazeri G, Wu YY, Sentell T. COVID-19 excess deaths in Eastern European countries associated with weaker regulation implementation and lower vaccination coverage. East Mediterr Health J. 2022;28(10):776\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26719\/emhj.22.074.","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"28293_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shkolnikov VM, Timonin S, Jdanov D, Medina-Jaudes N, Islam N, Leon DA. East-West mortality disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic widen the historical longevity divide in Europe: an international comparative study. Public and Global Health; 2023. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.11.08.23298275. http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/.\u00a0Cited 2025 21 May.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.11.08.23298275"},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17000-z","volume":"23","author":"R Chauhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chauhan R, Varma G, Yafi E, Zuhairi MF. The impact of geo-political socio-economic factors on vaccine dissemination trends: a case-study on COVID-19 vaccination strategies. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):2142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-17000-z.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20973-0","volume":"24","author":"JY Cho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cho JY, Kwon SH, Lee JS, Lee J, Lee JH, Chae Y, et al. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination rates in countries with different income levels: a panel analysis. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):3538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20973-0.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2428067","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2024.2428067","volume":"17","author":"JS Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu JS, Huang KK. Measuring influencing factors affecting mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Global Health Action. 2024;17(1):2428067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16549716.2024.2428067.","journal-title":"Global Health Action"},{"issue":"4","key":"28293_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.3390\/epidemiologia3040038","volume":"3","author":"S Jeon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jeon S, Lee YF, Koumi K. COVID-19 Vaccination: Sociopolitical and Economic Impact in the United States. Epidemiologia (Basel). 2022;3(4):502\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/epidemiologia3040038 . PubMed PMID: 36416793; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9680412.","journal-title":"Epidemiologia (Basel)"},{"key":"28293_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237802312211499","DOI":"10.1177\/23780231221149902","volume":"9","author":"Y Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun Y, Bisesti EM. Political Economy of the COVID-19 Pandemic: How State Policies Shape County-Level Disparities in COVID-19 Deaths. Socius: Sociol Res Dynamic World. 2023;9:23780231221149902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23780231221149902.","journal-title":"Socius: Sociol Res Dynamic World"},{"key":"28293_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Albrecht D, Vaccination. politics and COVID-19 impacts. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12432-x.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12432-x"},{"key":"28293_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151311","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1151311","volume":"14","author":"O Matveeva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matveeva O, Shabalina SA. Comparison of vaccination and booster rates and their impact on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in European countries. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1151311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1151311.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"28293_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ogbodo SC, Damba JJ, Olaoye O, Ofili DFC, Ngwu AA. Effect of COVID-19 vaccination coverage on transmission and mortality during Omicron dominance. Acad Med. 2025;2(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20935\/AcadMed7536.","DOI":"10.20935\/AcadMed7536"},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28131","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28131","volume":"95","author":"P Rzymski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rzymski P, Kasianchuk N, Sikora D, Poniedzia\u0142ek B. COVID-19 vaccinations and rates of infections, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths in Europe during SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Omicron wave in the first quarter of 2022. J Med Virol. 2023;95(1):e28131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.28131.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"28293_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604793","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2022.1604793","volume":"67","author":"V Jain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jain V, Serisier A, Lorgelly P. The Real-World Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19 Cases During Europe\u2019s Fourth Wave. Int J Public Health. 2022;67:1604793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ijph.2022.1604793.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"28293_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.23.162","volume":"56","author":"J Safaei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Safaei J, Saliminezhad A. Healthcare Systems and COVID-19 Mortality in Selected OECD Countries: A Panel Quantile Regression Analysis. JPMPH. 2023;56(6):515\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3961\/jpmph.23.162.","journal-title":"JPMPH"},{"issue":"9","key":"28293_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5267","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095267","volume":"19","author":"C Ning","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ning C, Wang H, Wu J, Chen Q, Pei H, Gao H. The COVID-19 Vaccination and Vaccine Inequity Worldwide: An Empirical Study Based on Global Data. IJERPH. 2022;19(9):5267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19095267.","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"issue":"2","key":"28293_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/epa2.1206","volume":"10","author":"B Farkas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Farkas B, R\u00e1cz TA. Mind the gap! The role of health policy capacity and vaccination acceptance in European Covid-19 mortality differences. Eur Policy Anal. 2024;10(2):225\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epa2.1206.","journal-title":"Eur Policy Anal"},{"issue":"6","key":"28293_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.24171\/j.phrp.2022.0212","volume":"13","author":"Y Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim Y, Kim BI, Tak S. Time-series comparison of COVID-19 case fatality rates across 21 countries with adjustment for multiple covariates. PHRP. 2022;13(6):424\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24171\/j.phrp.2022.0212.","journal-title":"PHRP"},{"key":"28293_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.06.027","volume":"210","author":"C Rughini\u0219","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rughini\u0219 C, Vulpe SN, Flaherty MG, Vasile S. Vaccination, life expectancy, and trust: patterns of COVID-19 and measles vaccination rates around the world. Public Health. 2022;210:114\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.06.027.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"28293_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11081294","volume":"11","author":"O Mendoza-Cano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mendoza-Cano O, Trujillo X, Huerta M, R\u00edos-Silva M, Guzm\u00e1n-Esquivel J, Lugo-Radillo A, et al. Assessing the Influence of COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage on Excess Mortality across 178 Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines. 2023;11(8):1294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines11081294.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"28293_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"05019","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.05019","volume":"11","author":"LL Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang LL, Kuo HS, Ho HJ, Wu CY. COVID-19 vaccinations are associated with reduced fatality rates: Evidence from cross-county quasi-experiments. J Glob Health. 2021;11:05019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.11.05019.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"28293_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Z, Liu X, Liu M, Wu Z, Liu Y, Li W, Liu M, Wang X, Gao B, Luo Y et al: The Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Daily Cases and Deaths Based on Global Vaccine Data. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(11).","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9111328"},{"key":"28293_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ioannidis JPA, Pezzullo AM, Cristiano A, Boccia S. Global estimates of lives and life-years saved by COVID-19 vaccination during 2020\u20132024. Epidemiology. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.11.03.24316673 http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/.\u00a0Cited 2025 21 May.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.03.24316673"},{"issue":"2","key":"28293_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.4081\/jphr.2022.2665","volume":"11","author":"MG Carta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carta MG, Orr\u00f9 G, Cossu G, Velluzzi F, Atzori L, Aviles Gonzalez CI, et al. Covid-19 vaccines work but other factors play a relevant role: a data analysis on spread and mortality in 24 countries. J Public Health Res. 2022;11(2):2665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/jphr.2022.2665 . PubMed PMID: 35322646; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8996068.","journal-title":"J Public Health Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"28293_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e015031","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-015031","volume":"9","author":"J Sevilla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sevilla J, Burnes D, Knee JS, Di Fusco M, Kyaw MH, Yang J, et al. The global health and economic value of COVID-19 vaccination. BMJ Glob Health. 2024;9(9):e015031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-015031.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"28293_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syed AH, Khan T, Alromema NA, Barik L, AlRababah AAQ, Aljiffry MM: COVID-19 vaccine dosages and government factors role on the global variation in COVID-19 mortality: A statistical and regression analysis. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences. 2022;9(5):18-31.","DOI":"10.21833\/ijaas.2022.05.003"},{"key":"28293_CR65","unstructured":"Human Development Index (HDI). https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/human-development-index."},{"key":"28293_CR66","unstructured":"COVID-19 Containment and Health Index (CHI). https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/covid-containment-and-health-index."},{"key":"28293_CR67","unstructured":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/covid-vaccinations."},{"key":"28293_CR68","unstructured":"Countries in the world by population. https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/world-population\/population-by-country\/."},{"key":"28293_CR69","unstructured":"Human Development Report 2019: Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century. https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/content\/human-development-report-2019."},{"key":"28293_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747787","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.747787","volume":"9","author":"M De Albuquerque Veloso Machado","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Albuquerque Veloso Machado M, Roberts B, Wong BLH, Van Kessel R, Mossialos E. The Relationship Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Scoping Review of Literature Until August 2021. Front Public Health. 2021;9:747787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.747787.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"28293_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01079-8","volume":"5","author":"T Hale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hale T, Angrist N, Goldszmidt R, Kira B, Petherick A, Phillips T, et al. A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker). Nat Hum Behav. 2021;5(4):529\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-021-01079-8 . PubMed PMID: 33686204.","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"28293_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright S. The method of path coefficients. Ann Math Stat 1934, 5(3):161-215.","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177732676"},{"key":"28293_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lleras C. Hostile school climates: Explaining differential risk of student exposure to disruptive learning environments in high school. J Sch Violence. 2008;7(3):105-135.","DOI":"10.1080\/15388220801955604"},{"key":"28293_CR74","unstructured":"Jekel JF. Epidemiology, biostatistics, and preventive medicine: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2007."},{"key":"28293_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morton RF, Hebel RJ, McCarter RJ. A Study Guide to Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Journal for Healthcare Quality. 1991;13(2):38.","DOI":"10.1097\/01445442-199103000-00024"},{"issue":"3","key":"28293_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588","volume":"88","author":"PM Bentler","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bentler PM, Bonett DG. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychol Bull. 1980;88(3):588\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"28293_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.424","volume":"3","author":"Ltze Hu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hu Ltze, Bentler PM. Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychol Methods. 1998;3(4):424\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.424.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"28293_CR78","unstructured":"Kline RB. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling: Rex B. Kline. Available from: https:\/\/www.book2look.com\/book\/sRzBmDPpi9. Cited 2025 21 May."},{"issue":"2","key":"28293_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130","volume":"1","author":"RC MacCallum","year":"1996","unstructured":"MacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM. Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychol Methods. 1996;1(2):130\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"17","key":"28293_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9342","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179342","volume":"18","author":"BA AlShurman","year":"2021","unstructured":"AlShurman BA, Khan AF, Mac C, Majeed M, Butt ZA. What Demographic, Social, and Contextual Factors Influence the Intention to Use COVID-19 Vaccines: A Scoping Review. IJERPH. 2021;18(17):9342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18179342.","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"issue":"2","key":"28293_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1124-9","volume":"27","author":"JV Lazarus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lazarus JV, Ratzan SC, Palayew A, Gostin LO, Larson HJ, Rabin K, et al. A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nat Med. 2021;27(2):225\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-020-1124-9.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"28293_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2360898","author":"M Nandha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nandha M, Smyth R. Quality of Governance and Human Development. SSRN J. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2360898.","journal-title":"SSRN J"},{"issue":"3","key":"28293_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031755","volume":"19","author":"Y Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo Y, Kaniuka AR, Gao J, Sims OT. An Epidemiologic Analysis of Associations between County-Level Per Capita Income, Unemployment Rate, and COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in the United States. IJERPH. 2022;19(3):1755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19031755.","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"key":"28293_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144455","volume":"764","author":"CYT Kwok","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwok CYT, Wong MS, Chan KL, Kwan MP, Nichol JE, Liu CH, et al. Spatial analysis of the impact of urban geometry and socio-demographic characteristics on COVID-19, a study in Hong Kong. Sci Total Environ. 2021;764:144455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144455.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"6","key":"28293_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9352","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-020-01028-x","volume":"23","author":"M Rahman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rahman M, Islam M, Shimanto MH, Ferdous J, Rahman AANS, Sagor PS, et al. A global analysis on the effect of temperature, socio-economic and environmental factors on the spread and mortality rate of the COVID-19 pandemic. Environ Dev Sustain. 2021;23(6):9352\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10668-020-01028-x.","journal-title":"Environ Dev Sustain"},{"issue":"11","key":"28293_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3903","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113903","volume":"17","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Wang Y, Chen F, Zhu M. Spatial Statistics and Influencing Factors of the COVID-19 Epidemic at Both Prefecture and County Levels in Hubei Province, China. IJERPH. 2020;17(11):3903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17113903.","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"key":"28293_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Su D, Chen Y, He K, Zhang T, Tan M, Zhang Y et al. Influence of socio-ecological factors on COVID-19 risk: a cross-sectional study based on 178 countries\/regions worldwide. Infectious Diseases (except HIV\/AIDS); 2020. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.23.20077545. http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/.\u00a0Cited 2025 20 May.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.23.20077545"},{"issue":"2","key":"28293_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e055562","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055562","volume":"12","author":"S Erdem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Erdem S, Ipek F, Bars A, Gen\u00e7 V, Erpek E, Mohammadi S, et al. Investigating the effect of macro-scale estimators on worldwide COVID-19 occurrence and mortality through regression analysis using online country-based data sources. BMJ Open. 2022;12(2):e055562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055562.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-022-00757-6","volume":"21","author":"P Deb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deb P, Furceri D, Jimenez D, Kothari S, Ostry JD, Tawk N. Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Rollouts and Their Effects on Health Outcomes. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2023;21(1):71\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40258-022-00757-6.","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"issue":"09","key":"28293_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.4149\/BLL_2022_098","volume":"123","author":"R Mezencev","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mezencev R, Klement C. The stringency of the containment measures in response to COVID-19 inversely correlates with the overall disease occurrence over the epidemic wave. BLL. 2022;123(09):601\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4149\/BLL_2022_098.","journal-title":"BLL"},{"issue":"6491","key":"28293_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb6105","volume":"368","author":"H Tian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian H, Liu Y, Li Y, Wu CH, Chen B, Kraemer MUG, et al. An investigation of transmission control measures during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Science. 2020;368(6491):638\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abb6105.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"28293_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alqahtani JS, Oyelade T, Aldhahir AM, Mendes RG, Alghamdi SM, Miravitlles M et al. Reduction in hospitalised COPD exacerbations during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Kielbassa AM, editor. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(8):e0255659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0255659.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255659"},{"key":"28293_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3645410","author":"JA Cheibub","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheibub JA, Hong JYJ, Przeworski A. Rights and Deaths: Government Reactions to the Pandemic. SSRN J. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3645410.","journal-title":"SSRN J"},{"issue":"7","key":"28293_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0470","volume":"327","author":"EK Accorsi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Accorsi EK, Britton A, Fleming-Dutra KE, Smith ZR, Shang N, Derado G, et al. Association Between 3 Doses of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine and Symptomatic Infection Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta Variants. JAMA. 2022;327(7):639\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.0470 . PubMed PMID: 35060999; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8848203.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"28293_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100832","volume":"15","author":"S Annaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Annaka S. Political regime, data transparency, and COVID-19 death cases. SSM - Popul Health. 2021;15:100832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100832.","journal-title":"SSM - Popul Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"28293_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6848","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86072-x","volume":"11","author":"C Gros","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gros C, Valenti R, Schneider L, Valenti K, Gros D. Containment efficiency and control strategies for the corona pandemic costs. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):6848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-86072-x.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10287","key":"28293_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00947-8","volume":"397","author":"EJ Haas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haas EJ, Angulo FJ, McLaughlin JM, Anis E, Singer SR, Khan F, et al. Impact and effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths following a nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel: an observational study using national surveillance data. Lancet. 2021;397(10287):1819\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00947-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"28293_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00345-0","volume":"22","author":"ME McMenamin","year":"2022","unstructured":"McMenamin ME, Nealon J, Lin Y, Wong JY, Cheung JK, Lau EHY, et al. Vaccine effectiveness of one, two, and three doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against COVID-19 in Hong Kong: a population-based observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(10):1435\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00345-0.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"28293_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suthar AB, Wang J, Seffren V, Wiegand RE, Griffing S, Zell E. Public health impact of covid-19 vaccines in the US: observational study. BMJ. 2022;e069317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-069317.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-069317"},{"issue":"19","key":"28293_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200797","volume":"386","author":"LJ Abu-Raddad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abu-Raddad LJ, Chemaitelly H, Ayoub HH, AlMukdad S, Yassine HM, Al-Khatib HA, et al. Effect of mRNA Vaccine Boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in Qatar. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(19):1804\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2200797 . PubMed PMID: 35263534; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8929389.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"28293_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.17876","volume":"328","author":"DY Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin DY, Gu Y, Xu Y, Wheeler B, Young H, Sunny SK, et al. Association of Primary and Booster Vaccination and Prior Infection With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe COVID-19 Outcomes. JAMA. 2022;328(14):1415\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.17876 . PubMed PMID: 36155617; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9513711.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10371","key":"28293_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00050-8","volume":"401","author":"The Lancet","year":"2023","unstructured":"The Lancet. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2023: far from over. Lancet. 2023;401(10371):79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00050-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28293-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28293-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28293-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:41:14Z","timestamp":1789033274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28293-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["28293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28293-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study used publicly available, aggregated country-level data and did not involve human participants or identifiable personal information. Ethical approval was obtained from the \u0130zmir Katip \u00c7elebi University Non-interventional Clinical Research Ethics Board (protocol number: 2022-GOKAE-0227) in accordance with institutional requirements for secondary analyses of publicly available datasets. Consent to participate was not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"2577"}}