{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:05:58Z","timestamp":1789427158703,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":78,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal mortality remains a major public health concern globally despite significant progress over the past two decades. Nigeria is among the countries with the highest maternal mortality rates. Within the country, marked regional disparities persist, with northern Nigeria experiencing a significantly higher burden. These disparities are shaped by a complex interaction of sociocultural norms, household power relations, geographic constraints, and health system limitations that influence women\u2019s access to skilled birth attendance and facility-based delivery. The study explored skilled birth attendants\u2019 perceived barriers to the provision of maternal healthcare services that prevent pregnant women from seeking appropriate care in government-based facilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed a qualitative research design to explore skilled birth attendants\u2019 perspectives on barriers preventing women from accessing maternal healthcare services. Twenty-four skilled birth attendants were purposively selected from primary healthcare facilities across six high-burden northern Nigerian states: Bauchi, Kaduna, Katsina, Kano, Jigawa, and Niger. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured and pretested interview guide. The Three Delay Model guided the study to examine factors affecting women\u2019s decisions to seek care, their ability to reach healthcare facilities, and their experiences receiving care within facilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings revealed multiple barriers across the three phases of delay. At the household level, cultural expectations, generational beliefs, and patriarchal decision-making structures limited women\u2019s autonomy to seek skilled care. Mothers-in-law and husbands often influenced or determined childbirth decisions, sometimes discouraging facility delivery. Structural barriers also affected women\u2019s ability to reach health facilities, including long travel distances, poor road infrastructure, and limited transportation options. Even when women arrived at health facilities, systemic challenges such as shortages of skilled health workers, inadequate medical supplies, insufficient delivery beds, financial constraints, and weak referral systems contributed to delays in receiving appropriate care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conclusion, maternal healthcare service utilization in northern Nigeria is shaped by interconnected sociocultural, economic, and health system factors that contribute to delays in seeking, reaching, and receiving care. Therefore, addressing maternal mortality in this context requires comprehensive strategies that strengthen health system capacity, improve transportation and referral systems, reduce financial barriers, and promote gender-equitable decision-making within households and communities. Such integrated efforts are essential for improving access to skilled birth attendance and advancing progress toward global maternal health targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-026-28357-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T04:14:51Z","timestamp":1782706491000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceived barriers to maternal healthcare utilization: insights from skilled birth attendants in six high-burden states of northern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hilda","family":"Ebinim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ese","family":"Akpiroroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Ajayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usen-Obong","family":"Sabbath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jabir","family":"Jibril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Precious","family":"Ehize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saheed","family":"Isiaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Kolawole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunday","family":"Nto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chioma","family":"Unogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rauf","family":"Rauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunday","family":"Atobatele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidney","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Eugene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Okagbue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"28357_CR1","volume-title":"estimates 2000 to 2023: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA\/Population Division","author":"Trends in maternal mortality","year":"2025","unstructured":"Trends in maternal mortality. estimates 2000 to 2023: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA\/Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025."},{"key":"28357_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crwh.2023.e00542","volume":"39","author":"EK Ekwuazi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ekwuazi EK, Chigbu CO, Ngene NC. Reducing maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Case Rep Women\u2019s Health. 2023;39:e00542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crwh.2023.e00542.","journal-title":"Case Rep Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"28357_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29392\/001c.88917","author":"ML Ajegbile","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ajegbile ML. Closing the gap in maternal health access and quality through targeted investments in low-resource settings. J Global Health Rep [Internet] Int Soc Global Health. 2023;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29392\/001c.88917. Cited 20 Jan 2026.","journal-title":"J Global Health Rep [Internet] Int Soc Global Health"},{"key":"28357_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20231907","volume":"12","author":"ML Kahansim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kahansim ML, Da\u2019ap P, Nyango DD, Anyaka CU, Egbodo CO, Mutihir JT. Causes and trends in maternal mortality in a tertiary health facility in North Central Nigeria. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2023;12:1980\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20231907.","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"28357_CR5","unstructured":"Babajide OO, Akinyemi JO, Ayeni O. Subnational estimates of maternal mortality in Nigeria: secondary data analysis of female siblings' survivorship histories. Afr J Reprod Health. 2023;27(10):145\u201359."},{"key":"28357_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.30574\/gscarr.2022.12.1.0188","volume":"12","author":"ENJGD Miteu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miteu ENJGD. A critical analysis of the extent to which social determinant of health explains health inequalities regarding maternal mortality in Nigeria. GSC Adv Res Rev. 2022;12:113\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30574\/gscarr.2022.12.1.0188.","journal-title":"GSC Adv Res Rev"},{"key":"28357_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.9734\/ijrrgy\/2024\/v7i1107","volume":"7","author":"O Emmanuel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Emmanuel O, Uvoh SM, Ayakeme T, Bralate K, Dum-Awara BL. Assessment of Maternal Mortality and Contributing Factors in Some Rural Communities of Bayelsa State. Nigeria IJRRGY. 2024;7:136\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/ijrrgy\/2024\/v7i1107.","journal-title":"Nigeria IJRRGY"},{"key":"28357_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"071","DOI":"10.29328\/journal.cjog.1001025","volume":"2","author":"TB Amoo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amoo TB, Ajayi OS. Maternal mortality and factors affecting it, among pregnant women in Abeokuta South, Nigeria. Clin J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;2:071\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29328\/journal.cjog.1001025.","journal-title":"Clin J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"28357_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Idama V, Osarhiemen IO, Glory AB, Omolade A. Factors affecting maternal mortality rates in Nigeria: a review of challenges and potential solutions. Futur Med. 2024;3(3):81\u201395.","DOI":"10.57125\/FEM.2024.09.30.08"},{"key":"28357_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29392\/001c.12733","author":"BW Ope","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ope BW. Reducing maternal mortality in Nigeria: addressing maternal health services\u2019 perception and experience. J Global Health Rep. 2020;4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29392\/001c.12733. Cited 20 Jan 2026.","journal-title":"J Global Health Rep [Internet]"},{"key":"28357_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moumakwa A, Chebanne TA. Midwives\u2019 crucial role in combatting maternal mortality.Int J Midwifery Nurs Pract. 2024;7:25\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33545\/26630427.2024.v7.i1a.155.","DOI":"10.33545\/26630427.2024.v7.i1a.155."},{"key":"28357_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Saluli SMF, Alenazi HM, Saeed F, Majrashi HQA, Alrwaili DR, Alruwaili MH, et al. The role of nurses in obstetric care: comprehensive review. J Int Crisis Risk Commun Res. 2024;7(S8):156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.63278\/jicrcr.vi.633.","DOI":"10.63278\/jicrcr.vi.633"},{"key":"28357_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Phillips D, Hussain-Alkhateeb L, He Y, Amatya PB, Diatta SA, Dixit S et al. Quality of childbirth care provided by skilled birth attendants: A conceptual framework, new estimate of effective coverage and indicator assessment in Nepal, Senegal, and Zambia. In Review; 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7643874\/v1. Cited 20 Jan 2026.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7643874\/v1"},{"key":"28357_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03110-8","volume":"20","author":"DJ Damian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Damian DJ, Tibelerwa JY, John B, Philemon R, Mahande MJ, Msuya SE. Factors influencing utilization of skilled birth attendant during childbirth in the Southern highlands, Tanzania: a multilevel analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20:420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-020-03110-8.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"28357_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adatara P, Johanita S, Esmeralda R. A qualitative study on rural women\u2019s experiences relating to the utilisation of birth care provided by skilled birth attendants in the rural areas of Bongo District in the Upper East Region of Ghana. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-019-2336-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2336-6"},{"key":"28357_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-018-0842-2","volume":"7","author":"A Geleto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Geleto A, Chojenta C, Musa A, Loxton D. Barriers to access and utilization of emergency obstetric care at health facilities in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of literature. Syst Rev. 2018;7:183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-018-0842-2.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"28357_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-025-07225-8","volume":"25","author":"M Yihune Teshale","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yihune Teshale M, Bante A, Gedefaw Belete A, Crutzen R, Spigt M, Stutterheim SE. Barriers and facilitators to maternal healthcare in East Africa: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of perspectives from women, their families, healthcare providers, and key stakeholders. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025;25:111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-025-07225-8.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"28357_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4292","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124292","volume":"17","author":"R Dahab","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dahab R, Sakellariou D. Barriers to Accessing Maternal Care in Low Income Countries in Africa: A Systematic Review. IJERPH. 2020;17:4292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17124292.","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"key":"28357_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2019.04.006","volume":"33","author":"G Tesfaye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tesfaye G, Chojenta C, Smith R, Loxton D. Delaying factors for maternal health service utilization in eastern Ethiopia: A qualitative exploratory study. Women Birth. 2020;33:e216\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2019.04.006.","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"28357_CR20","unstructured":"Hassan WU, Sarwar DS, Lubbungu J. Barriers to utilizing antenatal care and skilled birth attendant services: a study of rural women of reproductive age in three villages in Khanewal District, Pakistan. G\u00b2LM|LIC Work Pap. 2024;84. Available from: https:\/\/g2lm-lic.iza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/glmlic-wp084-1.pdf."},{"key":"28357_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmh.IJMH_30_22","volume":"28","author":"CC Anikwe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anikwe CC, Umeononihu OS, Osuagwu PC, Ikeoha CC, Ugwoke IS, Eze JN. Patterns and Causes of Hospital Maternal Mortality in a Tertiary Center in Nigeria: A 9-Year Retrospective Review. Int J Med Health Dev. 2023;28:202\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmh.IJMH_30_22.","journal-title":"Int J Med Health Dev"},{"key":"28357_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10009-1615","volume":"14","author":"O Gliozheni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gliozheni O, Gliozheni E. Some Solutions to Reduce Maternal Mortality. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020;14:56\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5005\/jp-journals-10009-1615.","journal-title":"Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"28357_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2020.1726850","volume":"35","author":"A Mohammed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammed A, Agwu P, Okoye U. When Primary Healthcare Facilities are Available but Mothers Look the Other Way: Maternal Mortality in Northern Nigeria. Social Work Public Health. 2020;35:11\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19371918.2020.1726850.","journal-title":"Social Work Public Health"},{"key":"28357_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.37745\/ejbir.2013\/vol12n5123","volume":"12","author":"KA Adenigbagbe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adenigbagbe KA, Izang PP, Gambo N, Kaoje YB, Adenigbagbe IA. Impact of Healthcare Infrastructure on Maternal Mortality in Nigeria. EJBIR. 2024;12:1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37745\/ejbir.2013\/vol12n5123.","journal-title":"EJBIR"},{"key":"28357_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04092","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.13.04092","volume":"13","author":"D Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang D, Sacks E, Odiase OJ, Kapula N, Sarakki A, Munson E, et al. A scoping review, mapping, and prioritisation process for emergency obstetric and neonatal quality of care indicators: Focus on provision and experience of care. J Glob Health. 2023;13:04092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.13.04092.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"28357_CR26","unstructured":"United Nations Nigeria. Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being | United Nations in Nigeria. 2025. https:\/\/nigeria.un.org\/en\/sdgs\/3. Accessed 21 Jan 2026. Cited 21 Jan 2026."},{"key":"28357_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2018.05397","volume":"38","author":"AD Gage","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gage AD, Carnes F, Blossom J, Aluvaala J, Amatya A, Mahat K, et al. Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Is Delivery. High-Quality Obstetric Facilities Geographically Feasible? Health Affairs. 2019;38:1576\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2018.05397.","journal-title":"High-Quality Obstetric Facilities Geographically Feasible? Health Affairs"},{"key":"28357_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29392\/001c.81640","author":"E Stierman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stierman E, Shiferaw S, Ahmed S, Yihdego M, Seme A, Zimmerman L, et al. Readiness, access, and use of facility childbirth care in Ethiopia: results from nationally representative linked household and health facility surveys. J Global Health Rep. 2023;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29392\/001c.81640. Cited 20 Jan 2026.","journal-title":"J Global Health Rep [Internet]"},{"key":"28357_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-024-03177-x","volume":"24","author":"Y Sarikhani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sarikhani Y, Najibi SM, Razavi Z. Key barriers to the provision and utilization of maternal health services in low-and lower-middle-income countries; a scoping review. BMC Women\u2019s Health. 2024;24:325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-024-03177-x.","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"28357_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-024-01223-6","volume":"22","author":"S Sampson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sampson S, Umar L, Obi-Jeff C, Oni F, Ayodeji O, Ebinim H, et al. Assessment of the compliance with minimum quality standards by public primary healthcare facilities in Nigeria. Health Res Policy Syst. 2024;22:133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12961-024-01223-6.","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"key":"28357_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90226-7","volume":"38","author":"S Thaddeus","year":"1994","unstructured":"Thaddeus S, Maine D. Too far to walk: Maternal mortality in context. Soc Sci Med. 1994;38:1091\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90226-7.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"28357_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03312-0","volume":"20","author":"BB Shiferaw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shiferaw BB, Modiba LM. Why do women not use skilled birth attendance service? An explorative qualitative study in north West Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20:633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-020-03312-0.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"28357_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnmr.ijnmr_61_22","volume":"28","author":"BT Maitanmi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maitanmi BT, Adelaja AA, Okunola DR, Maitanmi JO, Tola YO, Akingbade O. Association between Socioeconomic Status and the Utilization of Maternal Health Services in Nigeria. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2023;28:514\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijnmr.ijnmr_61_22.","journal-title":"Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res"},{"key":"28357_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3138\/jcfs.54.4.02","volume":"54","author":"AA Khalid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khalid AA, Irahola DLA, Salifu A. Women\u2019s Autonomy in Maternal Healthcare Decision-Making in Urban Ghana. J Comp Family Stud. 2024;54:306\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/jcfs.54.4.02.","journal-title":"J Comp Family Stud"},{"key":"28357_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mukaddas H, Oguntunde O, Abegunde D. Choice of place of Delivery amongst Women in a Rural Community in northeastern Nigeria. jmscr. 2018;6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18535\/jmscr\/v6i2.32. Cited 21 Jan 2026.","DOI":"10.18535\/jmscr\/v6i2.32"},{"key":"28357_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onuh MA, Ogli SA, Ayegba SI, Adugba A, Otache EA. Assessment of maternal health services provision and utilization among rural women in Benue State, north central Nigeria. World J Adv Res Rev. 2024;24(2):1756\u201365.","DOI":"10.30574\/wjarr.2024.24.2.3502"},{"key":"28357_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05700-w","volume":"20","author":"C Okoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okoli C, Hajizadeh M, Rahman MM, Khanam R. Geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of maternal healthcare services in Nigeria: 2003\u20132017. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20:849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-020-05700-w.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"28357_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.58578\/mikailalsys.v2i3.3769","volume":"2","author":"S Idi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Idi S. Maternal Health Information Access and Utilization among Pregnant Women in Rural Communities of Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria. MIKAILALSYS J Multidiscip Sci. 2024;2:371\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.58578\/mikailalsys.v2i3.3769.","journal-title":"MIKAILALSYS J Multidiscip Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28357-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28357-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28357-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:51:44Z","timestamp":1789426304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28357-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["28357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28357-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the National Health Research Ethics Committee (NHREC), Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria, with approval number NHREC\/01\/01\/2007-09\/02\/2026. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants after explaining the study\u2019s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Anonymity and confidentiality were strictly maintained using coded identifiers. No personally identifying information was recorded. All data were stored electronically in password-protected systems accessible only to authorized research personnel. The study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2018 as revised).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests. However, the last author is a member of the editorial board of BMC Public Health. This affiliation neither influenced the review process nor the outcome of this paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"2590"}}