{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:55:04Z","timestamp":1791431704842,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-026-28446-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T13:03:51Z","timestamp":1784034231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations between sensory impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms among older adults: a moderated mediating model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyi","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinqiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10367","key":"28446_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01546-X","volume":"400","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X, Giles J, Yao Y, Yip W, Meng Q, Berkman L, et al. The path to healthy ageing in China: a Peking University-Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2022;400(10367):1967\u20132006.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10278","key":"28446_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00516-X","volume":"397","author":"GBD 2019 Hearing Loss Collaborators","year":"2021","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Hearing Loss Collaborators. Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990\u20132019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2021;397(10278):996\u20131009.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"28446_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S144","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu102","volume":"69","author":"JM Pinto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pinto JM, Kern DW, Wroblewski KE, Chen RC, Schumm LP, McClintock MK. Sensory function: insights from Wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014;69(Suppl 2):S144\u2013153.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"28446_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e682","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30254-1","volume":"5","author":"T Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu T, Wang B, Liu H, Wang H, Yin P, Dong W, et al. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(12):e682\u201391.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"28446_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association. 2023 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19(4):1598\u20131695.","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13016"},{"issue":"11","key":"28446_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39314","DOI":"10.2196\/39314","volume":"8","author":"Q Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Q, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhao D, Zhou C. Dual Sensory Impairment as a Predictor of Loneliness and Isolation in Older Adults: National Cohort Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2022;8(11):e39314.","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"issue":"10452","key":"28446_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0","volume":"404","author":"G Livingston","year":"2024","unstructured":"Livingston G, Huntley J, Liu KY, Costafreda SG, Selb\u00e6k G, Alladi S, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission. Lancet. 2024;404(10452):572\u2013628.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"28446_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5237","volume":"35","author":"D Harithasan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harithasan D, Mukari SZS, Ishak WS, Shahar S, Yeong WL. The impact of sensory impairment on cognitive performance, quality of life, depression, and loneliness in older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020;35(4):358\u201364.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"28446_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03748-7","volume":"22","author":"F Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang F, Dong Q, Wu S, Liu X, Dayimu A, Liu Y, et al. A comprehensive evaluation on the associations between hearing and vision impairments and risk of all-cause and cause-specific dementia: results from cohort study, meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med. 2024;22(1):518.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"28446_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.2854","volume":"141","author":"OJ Killeen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Killeen OJ, Zhou Y, Ehrlich JR. Objectively Measured Visual Impairment and Dementia Prevalence in Older Adults in the US. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2023;141(8):786\u201390.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"28446_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610219001571","volume":"32","author":"T Saari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saari T, Hallikainen I, Hintsa T, Koivisto AM. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and activities of daily living in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: ALSOVA 5-year follow-up study. Int Psychogeriatr. 2020;32(6):741\u201351.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"28446_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264311425088","volume":"24","author":"KM Kiely","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kiely KM, Gopinath B, Mitchell P, Browning CJ, Anstey KJ. Evaluating a dichotomized measure of self-reported hearing loss against gold standard audiometry: prevalence estimates and age bias in a pooled national data set. J Aging Health. 2012;24(3):439\u201358.","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"28446_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.12.001","volume":"9","author":"YE Geda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Geda YE, Schneider LS, Gitlin LN, Miller DS, Smith GS, Bell J, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: past progress and anticipation of the future. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9(5):602\u20138.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"28446_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.12.012","volume":"62","author":"MM Linszen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Linszen MM, Brouwer RM, Heringa SM, Sommer IE. Increased risk of psychosis in patients with hearing impairment: Review and meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;62:1\u201320.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"28446_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P129","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/58.2.P129","volume":"58","author":"DE Vance","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vance DE, Burgio LD, Roth DL, Stevens AB, Fairchild JK, Yurick A. Predictors of agitation in nursing home residents. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2003;58(2):P129\u2013137.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"28446_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.10.002","volume":"29","author":"AS Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim AS, Garcia Morales EE, Amjad H, Cotter VT, Lin FR, Lyketsos CG, et al. Association of Hearing Loss With Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;29(6):544\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"28446_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52554.x","volume":"52","author":"MY Lin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lin MY, Gutierrez PR, Stone KL, Yaffe K, Ensrud KE, Fink HA, et al. Vision impairment and combined vision and hearing impairment predict cognitive and functional decline in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(12):1996\u20132002.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"28446_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23266","volume":"39","author":"S Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang S, Wang Q, Wang X, Qi K, Zhou Y, Zhou C. Longitudinal relationship between sensory impairments and depressive symptoms in older adults: The mediating role of functional limitation. Depress Anxiety. 2022;39(8\u20139):624\u201332.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"2","key":"28446_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610217001120","volume":"30","author":"KM Kiely","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kiely KM, Mortby ME, Anstey KJ. Differential associations between sensory loss and neuropsychiatric symptoms in adults with and without a neurocognitive disorder. Int Psychogeriatr. 2018;30(2):261\u201372.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"28446_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-020-00358-3","volume":"11","author":"S Smith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith S, Nordin MAB, Hinchy T, Henn P, O\u2019T uathaigh CMP. Impact of hearing loss on clinical interactions between older adults and health professionals: a systematic review. Eur Geriatr Med. 2020;11(6):919\u201328.","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"28446_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00016.x","volume":"22","author":"SA Haymes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Haymes SA, Johnston AW, Heyes AD. Relationship between vision impairment and ability to perform activities of daily living. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2002;22(2):79\u201391.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"1","key":"28446_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbz094","volume":"76","author":"A Shukla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shukla A, Cudjoe TKM, Lin FR, Reed NS. Functional Hearing Loss and Social Engagement Among Medicare Beneficiaries. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2021;76(1):195\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"28446_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-1591(02)00073-9","volume":"17","author":"LC Hawkley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hawkley LC, Cacioppo JT. Loneliness and pathways to disease. Brain Behav lmmun. 2003;17(Suppl 1):S98\u2013105.","journal-title":"Brain Behav lmmun"},{"issue":"6","key":"28446_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0027","volume":"77","author":"DV Jeste","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeste DV, Lee EE, Cacioppo S. Battling the Modern Behavioral Epidemic of Loneliness: Suggestions for Research and Interventions. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(6):553\u20134.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"28446_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17366","volume":"69","author":"AA Kotwal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kotwal AA, Cenzer IS, Waite LJ, Covinsky KE, Perissinotto CM, Boscardin WJ, et al. The epidemiology of social isolation and loneliness among older adults during the last years of life. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021;69(11):3081\u201391.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"28446_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku231","volume":"25","author":"E Labbe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Labbe E, Blanquet M, Gerbaud L, Poirier G, Sass C, Vendittelli F, et al. A new reliable index to measure individual deprivation: the EPICES score. Eur J Public Health. 2015;25(4):604\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"28446_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.09.003","volume":"165","author":"SJ Macdonald","year":"2018","unstructured":"Macdonald SJ, Nixon J, Deacon L. Loneliness in the city\u2019: examining socio-economics, loneliness and poor health in the North East of England. Public Health. 2018;165:88\u201394.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"28446_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5555","volume":"36","author":"LM Hofbauer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hofbauer LM, Rodriguez FS. Association of social deprivation with cognitive status and decline in older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;36(7):1085\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"28446_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.11.019","volume":"89","author":"J Ye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ye J, Wen Y, Sun X, Chu X, Li P, Cheng B, et al. Socioeconomic Deprivation Index Is Associated With Psychiatric Disorders: An Observational and Genome-wide Gene-by-Environment Interaction Analysis in the UK Biobank Cohort. Biol Psychiatry. 2021;89(9):888\u201395.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"28446_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1099036","volume":"21","author":"K Holtfreter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holtfreter K, Reisig MD, Turanovic JJ. Depression and infrequent participation in social activities among older adults: the moderating role of high-quality familial ties. Aging Ment Health. 2017;21(4):379\u201388.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"28446_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02194-x","volume":"21","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhou C. Social engagement and physical frailty in later life: does marital status matter? BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):248.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"28446_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.01.081","volume":"283","author":"T Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie T, Liu D, Guo J, Zhang B. The longitudinal effect of sensory loss on depression among Chinese older adults. J Affect Disord. 2021;283:216\u201322.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"28446_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"08008","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.08008","volume":"11","author":"X Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao X, Zhou Y, Wei K, Bai X, Zhang J, Zhou M, et al. Associations of sensory impairment and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese population: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. J Glob Health. 2021;11:08008.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"28446_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000045","volume":"28","author":"JH Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han JH, Lee HJ, Jung J, Park EC. Effects of self-reported hearing or vision impairment on depressive symptoms: a population-based longitudinal study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2019;28(3):343\u201355.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"28446_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6601_2","volume":"66","author":"DW Russell","year":"1996","unstructured":"Russell DW. UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure. J Pers Assess. 1996;66(1):20\u201340.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"46","key":"28446_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5428","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-023-04697-9","volume":"43","author":"A Thompson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thompson A, Pollet TV. An exploratory psychometric network analysis of loneliness scales in a sample of older adults. Curr Psychol. 2023;43(46):5428\u201342.","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"28446_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.11.010","volume":"27","author":"EK Vernon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vernon EK, Cooley B, Rozum W, Rattinger GB, Behrens S, Matyi J, et al. Caregiver-Care Recipient Relationship Closeness is Associated With Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019;27(4):349\u201359.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"28446_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2757","volume":"27","author":"T Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang T, Xiao S, Li X, Wang H, Liu Y, Su N, et al. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the neuropsychiatric inventory in mainland China. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012;27(5):539\u201344.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"28446_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1465-6","volume":"24","author":"D Monteil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Monteil D, Walrand S, Vannier-Nitenberg C, Van Oost B, Bonnefoy M. The Relationship between Frailty, Obesity and Social Deprivation in Non-Institutionalized Elderly People. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(8):821\u20136.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"28446_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","volume":"51","author":"RM Baron","year":"1986","unstructured":"Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51(6):1173\u201382.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"28446_CR41","first-page":"335","volume":"51","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hayes AF. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression - based approach. J Educ Meas. 2017;51(3):335\u20137.","journal-title":"J Educ Meas"},{"key":"28446_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-90","volume":"14","author":"MK Andrew","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andrew MK, Keefe JM. Social vulnerability from a social ecology perspective: a cohort study of older adults from the National Population Health Survey of Canada. BMC Geriatr. 2014;14:90.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"28446_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.01.039","volume":"63","author":"M Bangee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bangee M, Harris RA, Bridges N, Rotenberg KJ, Qualter P. Loneliness and attention to social threat in young adults: Findings from an eye tracker study. Personal Individ Differ. 2014;63:16\u201323.","journal-title":"Personal Individ Differ"},{"issue":"4","key":"28446_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000773","volume":"22","author":"KE Smith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smith KE, Norman GJ, Decety J. Increases in loneliness during medical school are associated with increases in individuals\u2019 likelihood of mislabeling emotions as negative. Emotion. 2022;22(4):740\u201350.","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"5","key":"28446_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764018776349","volume":"64","author":"E Erzen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erzen E, \u00c7ikrikci \u00d6. The effect of loneliness on depression: A meta-analysis. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2018;64(5):427\u201335.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"28446_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30230-0","volume":"5","author":"ZI Santini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santini ZI, Jose PE, York Cornwell E, Koyanagi A, Nielsen L, Hinrichsen C, et al. Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans (NSHAP): a longitudinal mediation analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(1):e62\u201370.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"28446_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1998.01231.x","volume":"27","author":"JE Hupcey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hupcey JE. Clarifying the social support theory-research linkage. J Adv Nurs. 1998;27(6):1231\u201341.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"28446_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03517-2","volume":"22","author":"E Carbone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carbone E, Piras F, Pellegrini FF, Caffarra P, Borella E. Individual differences among older adults with mild and moderate dementia in social and emotional loneliness and their associations with cognitive and psychological functioning. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):859.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"28446_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5450","volume":"36","author":"W Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun W, Matsuoka T, Oba H, Narumoto J. Importance of loneliness in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;36(4):540\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"28446_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2236676","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.36676","volume":"5","author":"P Hoang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoang P, King JA, Moore S, Moore K, Reich K, Sidhu H, et al. Interventions Associated With Reduced Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2236676.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"28446_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/0020731420981856","volume":"51","author":"M Terraneo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terraneo M. The Effect of Material and Social Deprivation on Well-Being of Elderly in Europe. Int J Health Serv. 2021;51(2):167\u201381.","journal-title":"Int J Health Serv"},{"issue":"8","key":"28446_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02384-x","volume":"58","author":"L Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin L, Cao B, Chen W, Li J, Zhang Y, Guo VY. Association of childhood threat and deprivation with depressive symptoms and the moderating role of current economic status among middle-aged and older adults in China. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2023;58(8):1227\u201336.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"28446_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30060-9","volume":"5","author":"C Lund","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lund C, Brooke-Sumner C, Baingana F, Baron EC, Breuer E, Chandra P, et al. Social determinants of mental disorders and the Sustainable Development Goals: a systematic review of reviews. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(4):357\u201369.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["BMC Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28446-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28446-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28446-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:46:01Z","timestamp":1791431161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28446-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["28446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-026-28446-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2458","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of China\u2012Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University (20221020028). The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were required to provide written informed consents prior to participation.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"2881"}}