{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T10:46:08Z","timestamp":1781174768166,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478822400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0307-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T11:49:10Z","timestamp":1478864950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Successful treatment of severe Pneumocystis pneumonia in an immunosuppressed patient using caspofungin combined with clindamycin: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hongjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangyong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"307_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-016-1324-x","author":"W-L Ye","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ye W-L, Tang N, Wen Y-B, Li H, Li M-X, Bin D, Li X-M. Underlying renal insufficiency: the pivotal risk factor for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients with non-transplant glomerular disease. Int Urol Nephrol. 2016. doi:\n                    10.1007\/s11255-016-1324-x\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"307_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.027","volume":"13","author":"V Boonsarngsuk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boonsarngsuk V, Sirilak S, Kiatboonsri S. Acute respiratory failure due to Pneumocystis pneumonia: outcome and prognostic factors. Int J Infect Dis. 2008;13:59\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"307_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.024","volume":"47","author":"M-C Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li M-C, Lee N-Y, Lee C-C, Lee H-C, Chang C-M, Ko W-C. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes in non-HIV-infected individuals. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2012;47:42\u20137.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"307_CR4","first-page":"1","volume":"58","author":"JE Kaplan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaplan JE, Benson C, Holmes KK, Brooks JT, Pau A, Masur H. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009;58:1\u2013198.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"307_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu060","volume":"52","author":"P Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun P, Tong Z. Efficacy of caspofungin, a 1,3-\u03b2-D-glucan synthase inhibitor, on Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats. Med Mycol. 2014;52:798\u2013803.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"307_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70619","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070619","volume":"8","author":"ML Lobo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lobo ML, Esteves F, de Sousa B, Cardoso F, Cushion MT, Antunes F, Matos O. Therapeutic potential of caspofungin combined with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis pneumonia: a pilot study in mice. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e70619.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"307_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8524","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008524","volume":"5","author":"MT Cushion","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cushion MT, Linke MJ, Ashbaugh A, Sesterhenn T, Collins MS, Lynch K, Brubaker R, Walzer PD. Echinocandin treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia in rodent models depletes cysts leaving trophic burdens that cannot transmit the infection. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e8524.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"307_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1998.tb04531.x","volume":"45","author":"MA Wyder","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wyder MA, Rasch EM, Kaneshiro ES. Quantitation of absolute Pneumocystis carinii nuclear DNA content. Trophic and cystic forms isolated from infected rat lungs are haploid organisms. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1998;45:233\u20139.","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"307_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.10.2258","volume":"38","author":"KH Nollstadt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nollstadt KH, Powles MA, Fujioka H, Aikawa M, Schmatz DM. Use of beta-1,3-glucan-specific antibody to study the cyst wall of Pneumocystis carinii and effects of pneumocandin B0 analog L-733,560. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994;38:2258\u201365.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"307_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e768","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000768","volume":"94","author":"C-W Chou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chou C-W, Chao H-S, Lin F-C, Tsai H-C, Yuan W-H, Chang S-C. Clinical usefulness of HRCT in assessing the severity of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia: a cross-sectional study. Medicine. 2015;94:e768.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"307_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.02.052","volume":"81","author":"MN Vogel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vogel MN, Vatlach M, Weissgerber P, Goeppert B, Claussen CD, Hetzel J, Horger M. HRCT-features of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and their evolution before and after treatment in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. Eur J Radiol. 2011;81:1315\u201320.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"307_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02876-15","volume":"54","author":"M Sasso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sasso M, Chastang-Dumas E, Bastide S, Alonso S, Lechiche C, Bourgeois N, Lachaud L. Performances of four real-time PCR assays for diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;54:625\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"307_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02390-10","volume":"49","author":"PM Hauser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hauser PM, Bille J, Lass-Fl\u00f6rl C, Geltner C, Feldmesser M, Levi M, Patel H, Muggia V, Alexander B, Hughes M, Follett SA, Cui X, Leung F, Morgan G, Moody A, Perlin DS, Denning DW. Multicenter, prospective clinical evaluation of respiratory samples from subjects at risk for Pneumocystis jirovecii infection by use of a commercial real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:1872\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"307_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03318.x","volume":"17","author":"J Held","year":"2010","unstructured":"Held J, Koch MS, Reischl U, Danner T, Serr A. Serum (1\u2009\u2192\u20093)-\u03b2-D-glucan measurement as an early indicator of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and evaluation of its prognostic value. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010;17:595\u2013602.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"307_CR15","first-page":"2214","volume":"7","author":"W-J Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li W-J, Guo Y-L, Liu T-J, Wang K, Kong J-L. Diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia using serum (1\u20133)-\u03b2-D-Glucan: a bivariate meta-analysis and systematic review. J Thorac Dis. 2015;7:2214\u201325.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"307_CR16","first-page":"73","volume":"18","author":"T Kamada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamada T, Furuta K, Tomioka H. Pneumocystis pneumonia associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection without elevated (1\u2009\u2192\u20093)-\u03b2-D glucan: A case report. Respir Med Case Rep. 2016;18:73\u20135.","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"307_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199001183220304","volume":"322","author":"J Phair","year":"1990","unstructured":"Phair J, Mu\u00f1oz A, Detels R, Kaslow R, Rinaldo C, Saah A. The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:161\u20135.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"307_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028016650107","volume":"50","author":"LJ Avino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Avino LJ, Naylor SM, Roecker AM. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in the non-HIV-infected population. Ann Pharmacother. 2016;50:673\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"307_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02833.x","volume":"16","author":"R Moukhlis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moukhlis R, Boyer J, Lacube P, Bolognini J, Roux P, Hennequin C. Linking Pneumocystis jiroveci sulfamethoxazole resistance to the alleles of the DHPS gene using functional complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;16:501\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"307_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4990","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01161-13","volume":"57","author":"SF Queener","year":"2013","unstructured":"Queener SF, Cody V, Pace J, Torkelson P, Gangjee A. Trimethoprim resistance of dihydrofolate reductase variants from clinical isolates of Pneumocystis jirovecii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57:4990\u20138.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"307_CR21","first-page":"139","volume":"13","author":"L Xinqiang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Xinqiang L. An analysis of adverse reactions induced by compound sulfamethoxazole tablets in 267 cases. Chin J Pharmaco Epidemiol. 2004;13:139\u201340.","journal-title":"Chin J Pharmaco Epidemiol"},{"key":"307_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2013.854733","volume":"56","author":"C Borchani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borchani C, Fonteyn F, Jamin G, Destain J, Willems L, Paquot M, Blecker C, Thonart P. Structural characterization, technological functionality, and physiological aspects of fungal \u03b2-D-glucans: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;56:1746\u201352.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"307_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.7.3755","volume":"164","author":"R Vassallo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vassallo R, Standing JE, Limper AH. Isolated Pneumocystis carinii cell wall glucan provokes lower respiratory tract inflammatory responses. J Immunol. 2000;164:3755\u201363.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"307_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000280546.91617.6c","volume":"84","author":"R Utili","year":"2007","unstructured":"Utili R, Durante-Mangoni E, Basilico C, Mattei A, Ragone E, Grossi P. Efficacy of caspofungin addition to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment for severe Pneumocystis pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2007;84:685\u20138.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"307_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.135350","volume":"66","author":"D Armstrong-James","year":"2011","unstructured":"Armstrong-James D, Stebbing J, John L, Murungi A, Bower M, Gazzard B, Nelson M. A trial of caspofungin salvage treatment in PCP pneumonia. Thorax. 2011;66:537\u20138.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"307_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/37132","volume":"390","author":"M Fichera","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fichera M, Roos D. A plastid organelle as a drug target in apicomplexan parasites. Nature. 1997;390:407\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"307_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.6.904","volume":"150","author":"LS Seaberg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Seaberg LS, Parquette AR, Gluzman IY, Phillips GW, Brodasky TF, Krogstad DJ. Clindamycin activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. J Infect Dis. 1984;150:904\u201311.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"307_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2008.08.011","volume":"44","author":"N Vale","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vale N, Moreira R, Gomes P. Primaquine revisited six decades after its discovery. Eur J Med Chem. 2009;44:937\u201353.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"307_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.6.807","volume":"32","author":"SF Queener","year":"1988","unstructured":"Queener SF, Bartlett MS, Richardson JD, Durkin MM, Jay MA, Smith JW. Activity of clindamycin with primaquine against Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988;32:807\u201313.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"307_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1086\/514696","volume":"27","author":"E Toma","year":"1998","unstructured":"Toma E, Thorne A, Singer J, Raboud J, Lemieux C, Trottier S, Bergeron MG, Tsoukas C, Falutz J, Lalonde R, Gaudreau C, Therrien R. Clindamycin with primaquine vs. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for mild and moderately severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial (CTN 004). CTN-PCP Study Group. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:524\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"307_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.12.1529","volume":"161","author":"J Smego","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smego J, Nagar S, Maloba B, Popara M. A meta-analysis of salvage therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1529\u201333.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"307_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-9294(12)60009-1","volume":"26","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xu J, Wu C, Ma X. Lack of response in severe pneumocystis pneumonia to combined caspofungin and clindamycin treatment: a case report. Chin Med Sci J. 2011;26:246\u20138.","journal-title":"Chin Med Sci J"},{"key":"307_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-14-182","volume":"14","author":"C-W Chou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chou C-W, Lin F-C, Tsai H-C, Chang S-C. The impact of concomitant pulmonary infection on immune dysregulation in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. BMC Pulm Med. 2014;14:182.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-016-0307-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-016-0307-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-016-0307-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,21]],"date-time":"2017-02-21T20:32:22Z","timestamp":1487709142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12890-016-0307-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-016-0307-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"article-number":"144"}}