{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:16:32Z","timestamp":1781842592843,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]],"date-time":"2018-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526947200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0636-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]],"date-time":"2018-05-22T11:09:12Z","timestamp":1526987352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Viruses in bronchiectasis: a pilot study to explore the presence of community acquired respiratory viruses in stable patients and during acute exacerbations"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9086-1589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia B.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassel","family":"Mourad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lachlan","family":"Buddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G. G.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy C.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"636_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-203105","volume":"68","author":"GB Rogers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rogers GB, van der Gast CJ, Cuthbertson L, Thomson SK, Bruce KD, Martin ML, Serisier DJ. Clinical measures of disease in adult non-CF bronchiectasis correlate with airway microbiota composition. Thorax. 2013;68(8):731\u20137.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"10","key":"636_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201210-1937OC","volume":"187","author":"MM Tunney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tunney MM, Einarsson GG, Wei L, Drain M, Klem ER, Cardwell C, Ennis M, Boucher RC, Wolfgang MC, Elborn JS. Lung microbiota and bacterial abundance in patients with bronchiectasis when clinically stable and during exacerbation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(10):1118\u201326.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"636_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.014","volume":"116","author":"G Suarez-Cuartin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suarez-Cuartin G, Chalmers JD, Sibila O. Diagnostic challenges of bronchiectasis. Respir Med. 2016;116:70\u20137.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"636_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00119114","volume":"45","author":"JD Chalmers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chalmers JD, Aliberti S, Blasi F. Management of bronchiectasis in adults. Eur Respir J. 2015;45(5):1446\u201362.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"636_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.11.008","volume":"101","author":"A Shoemark","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shoemark A, Ozerovitch L, Wilson R. Aetiology in adult patients with bronchiectasis. Respir Med. 2007;101(6):1163\u201370.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"636_CR6","first-page":"6","volume":"147","author":"PJ Cole","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cole PJ. Inflammation: a two-edged sword--the model of bronchiectasis. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl. 1986;147:6\u201315.","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis Suppl"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"636_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.9906120","volume":"162","author":"MC Pasteur","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pasteur MC, Helliwell SM, Houghton SJ, Webb SC, Foweraker JE, Coulden RA, Flower CD, Bilton D, Keogan MT. An investigation into causative factors in patients with bronchiectasis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162(4 Pt 1):1277\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"636_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200110000-00008","volume":"20","author":"R Dagan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dagan R, Sikuler-Cohen M, Zamir O, Janco J, Givon-Lavi N, Fraser D. Effect of a conjugate pneumococcal vaccine on the occurrence of respiratory infections and antibiotic use in day-care center attendees. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20(10):951\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"636_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3099","volume":"124","author":"SS Huang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang SS, Hinrichsen VL, Stevenson AE, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kleinman K, Pelton SI, Lipsitch M, Hanage WP, Lee GM, Finkelstein JA. Continued impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on carriage in young children. Pediatrics. 2009;124(1):e1\u201311.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"636_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2013.54.135","volume":"54","author":"I Luksic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luksic I, Clay S, Falconer R, Pulanic D, Rudan I, Campbell H, Nair H. Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines in children -- a systematic review and meta-analysis. Croat Med J. 2013;54(2):135\u201345.","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"636_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30049-X","volume":"17","author":"M Suzuki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suzuki M, Dhoubhadel BG, Ishifuji T, Yasunami M, Yaegashi M, Asoh N, Ishida M, Hamaguchi S, Aoshima M, Ariyoshi K, et al. Serotype-specific effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against pneumococcal pneumonia in adults aged 65 years or older: a multicentre, prospective, test-negative design study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(3):313\u201321.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7401","key":"636_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7401.1223","volume":"326","author":"K Stohr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stohr K. Preventing and treating influenza. BMJ. 2003;326(7401):1223\u20134.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"636_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201507-472OC","volume":"12","author":"S Lonni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lonni S, Chalmers JD, Goeminne PC, McDonnell MJ, Dimakou K, De Soyza A, Polverino E, Van de Kerkhove C, Rutherford R, Davison J, et al. Etiology of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in adults and its correlation to disease severity. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015;12(12):1764\u201370.","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"636_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200701-003FM","volume":"4","author":"A Anzueto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anzueto A, Sethi S, Martinez FJ. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2007;4(7):554\u201364.","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"636_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201006-0833OC","volume":"183","author":"P Mallia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mallia P, Message SD, Gielen V, Contoli M, Gray K, Kebadze T, Aniscenko J, Laza-Stanca V, Edwards MR, Slater L, et al. Experimental rhinovirus infection as a human model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(6):734\u201342.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"636_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0341OC","volume":"188","author":"PL Molyneaux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Molyneaux PL, Mallia P, Cox MJ, Footitt J, Willis-Owen SA, Homola D, Trujillo-Torralbo MB, Elkin S, Kon OM, Cookson WO, et al. Outgrowth of the bacterial airway microbiome after rhinovirus exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(10):1224\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"636_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2007.12.002","volume":"7","author":"D Wat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wat D, Gelder C, Hibbitts S, Cafferty F, Bowler I, Pierrepoint M, Evans R, Doull I. The role of respiratory viruses in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2008;7(4):320\u20138.","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"2","key":"636_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00202311","volume":"40","author":"PA Wark","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wark PA, Tooze M, Cheese L, Whitehead B, Gibson PG, Wark KF, McDonald VM. Viral infections trigger exacerbations of cystic fibrosis in adults and children. Eur Respir J. 2012;40(2):510\u20132.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"636_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1802","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001802","volume":"3","author":"H Powell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Powell H, Smart J, Wood LG, Grissell T, Shafren DR, Hensley MJ, Gibson PG. Validity of the common cold questionnaire (CCQ) in asthma exacerbations. PLoS One. 2008;3(3):e1802.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"636_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805","volume":"26","author":"MR Miller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Crapo R, Enright P, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(2):319\u201338.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"636_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"046002","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/10\/4\/046002","volume":"10","author":"AB Mitchell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mitchell AB, Mourad B, Tovey E, Buddle L, Peters M, Morgan L, Oliver BG. Spirometry filters can be used to detect exhaled respiratory viruses. J. Breath Res. 2016;10(4):046002.","journal-title":"J. Breath Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"636_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.03.018","volume":"31","author":"J Kuypers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kuypers J, Wright N, Morrow R. Evaluation of quantitative and type-specific real-time RT-PCR assays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory specimens from children. J Clin Virol. 2004;31(2):123\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"636_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3870","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02464-09","volume":"48","author":"SB Selvaraju","year":"2010","unstructured":"Selvaraju SB, Selvarangan R. Evaluation of three influenza a and B real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays and a new 2009 H1N1 assay for detection of influenza viruses. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(11):3870\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"636_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2009.04.039","volume":"160","author":"ME Terlizzi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Terlizzi ME, Massimiliano B, Francesca S, Sinesi F, Rosangela V, Stefano G, Costa C, Rossana C. Quantitative RT real time PCR and indirect immunofluorescence for the detection of human parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3. J Virol Methods. 2009;160(1\u20132):172\u20137.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"636_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.08.004","volume":"40","author":"K Pabbaraju","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pabbaraju K, Wong S, McMillan T, Lee BE, Fox JD. Diagnosis and epidemiological studies of human metapneumovirus using real-time PCR. J Clin Virol. 2007;40(3):186\u201392.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"636_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00035205","volume":"26","author":"R Pellegrino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, et al. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(5):948\u201368.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"636_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1961","volume":"147","author":"YH Gao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao YH, Guan WJ, Xu G, Lin ZY, Tang Y, Lin ZM, Gao Y, Li HM, Zhong NS, Zhang GJ, et al. The role of viral infection in pulmonary exacerbations of bronchiectasis in adults: a prospective study. Chest. 2015;147(6):1635\u201343.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"636_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305147","volume":"99","author":"N Kapur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kapur N, Mackay IM, Sloots TP, Masters IB, Chang AB. Respiratory viruses in exacerbations of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children. Arch Dis Child. 2014;99(8):749\u201353.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"636_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2011.598876","volume":"44","author":"R Brittain-Long","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brittain-Long R, Andersson LM, Olofsson S, Lindh M, Westin J. Seasonal variations of 15 respiratory agents illustrated by the application of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Scand J Infect Dis. 2012;44(1):9\u201317.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"636_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003194","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003194","volume":"9","author":"JD Tamerius","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tamerius JD, Shaman J, Alonso WJ, Bloom-Feshbach K, Uejio CK, Comrie A, Viboud C. Environmental predictors of seasonal influenza epidemics across temperate and tropical climates. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(3):e1003194.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"6","key":"636_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312","volume":"40","author":"PH Quanjer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Quanjer PH, Stanojevic S, Cole TJ, Baur X, Hall GL, Culver BH, Enright PL, Hankinson JL, Ip MS, Zheng J, et al. Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur Respir J. 2012;40(6):1324\u201343.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"636_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002234","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002234","volume":"7","author":"Y Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang Y, Zaas AK, Rao A, Dobigeon N, Woolf PJ, Veldman T, Oien NC, McClain MT, Varkey JB, Nicholson B, et al. Temporal dynamics of host molecular responses differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic influenza a infection. PLoS Genet. 2011;7(8):e1002234.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"636_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.01.034","volume":"124","author":"BB Finlay","year":"2006","unstructured":"Finlay BB, McFadden G. Anti-immunology: evasion of the host immune system by bacterial and viral pathogens. Cell. 2006;124(4):767\u201382.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"636_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.10.001","volume":"10","author":"LM Proctor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Proctor LM. The human microbiome project in 2011 and beyond. Cell Host Microbe. 2011;10(4):287\u201391.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"636_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-161","volume":"9","author":"AK Jarvinen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jarvinen AK, Laakso S, Piiparinen P, Aittakorpi A, Lindfors M, Huopaniemi L, Piiparinen H, Maki M. Rapid identification of bacterial pathogens using a PCR- and microarray-based assay. BMC Microbiol. 2009;9:161.","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"9710","key":"636_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61569-5","volume":"375","author":"P Tissari","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tissari P, Zumla A, Tarkka E, Mero S, Savolainen L, Vaara M, Aittakorpi A, Laakso S, Lindfors M, Piiparinen H, et al. Accurate and rapid identification of bacterial species from positive blood cultures with a DNA-based microarray platform: an observational study. Lancet. 2010;375(9710):224\u201330.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"636_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(01)00431-1","volume":"101","author":"X Xiang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Xiang X, Qiu D, Chan KP, Chan SH, Hegele RG, Tan WC. Comparison of three methods for respiratory virus detection between induced sputum and nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens in acute asthma. J Virol Methods. 2002;101(1\u20132):127\u201333.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-018-0636-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-018-0636-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-018-0636-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T19:09:59Z","timestamp":1558465799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12890-018-0636-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-018-0636-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethics approval had been granted by the Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee \u2013 CRGH (HREC\/14\/CRGH\/6) and all subject gave written informed consent to participate.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"84"}}