{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T04:25:44Z","timestamp":1787891144170,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-0855-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T09:24:15Z","timestamp":1557307455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Social determinants of pulmonary tuberculosis in Brazil: an ecological study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1353-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra Isabel","family":"Zille","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Loureiro","family":"Werneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronir Raggio","family":"Luiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus Barreto","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"855_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2016. \n                    https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/250441\/9789241565394-eng.pdf;jsessionid=CD0C3C8DDD8B75DDB853EF5C548C13BC?sequence=1\n                    \n                  . Accessed 21 Jul 2017."},{"key":"855_CR2","unstructured":"Indicadores priorit\u00e1rios para o monitoramento do plano Nacional pelo fim da tuberculose como problema e sa\u00fade p\u00fablica no Brasil.Bol Epidemiol 2017;48. \n                    http:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2017\/marco\/23\/2017-V-48-N-8-Indicadores-priorit--rios-para-o-monitoramento-do-Plano-Nacional-pelo-Fim-da-Tuberculose-como-Problema-de-Sa--de-P--blica-no-Brasil.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 17 Aug 2018."},{"key":"855_CR3","unstructured":"Incid\u00eancia da Tuberculose no Brasil. Portal da Sa\u00fade. 2016. \n                    http:\/\/portalms.saude.gov.br\/noticias\/agencia-saude\/22736-incidencia-da-tuberculose-cai-20-2-no-brasil-em-uma-decada\n                    \n                  . Accessed 24 Aug 2018."},{"key":"855_CR4","unstructured":"DATASUS. \n                    http:\/\/tabnet.datasus.gov.br\/cgi\/tabcgi.exe?ibge\/cnv\/pibmunbuf.def\n                    \n                  . Accessed 13 Oct 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"855_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132013000100011","volume":"39","author":"AC Ferreira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferreira AC, Rabahi M, Conde MB. Clinical treatment outcomes of tuberculosis treated with the basic regimen recommended by the Brazilian National Ministry of health using fixed-dose combination tablets in the greater metropolitan area of Goi\u00e2nia. Brazil. J Bras Pneumol. 2013;39(1):76\u201383.","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"855_CR6","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2014. \n                    http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/137094\/1\/9789241564809_eng.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 2 Oct 2018."},{"issue":"5","key":"855_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00078708","volume":"32","author":"JP Janssens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Janssens JP, Rider HL. An ecologic analysis of incidence of tuberculosis and per capita gross domestic product. Eur Respir J. 2008;32(5):1415\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"855_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.048132","volume":"96","author":"WP Myers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Myers WP, Westenhouse JL, Flood J, Riley LW. An ecological study of tuberculosis transmission in California. Am J Public Health. 2006;96:685\u201390.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"855_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00184011","volume":"40","author":"George B. Ploubidis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ploubidis GB, Palmer MJ, Blackmore C, Lim TA, Manissero D, Sandgren A, Semenza JC. Social determinants of tuberculosis in Europe: a prospective ecological study. ERJ Express. 2012. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00184011\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"855_CR10","first-page":"552","volume":"2","author":"RP Barros","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barros RP, Foguel MN, Ulysses G. Desigualdade de renda no Brasil: uma an\u00e1lise da queda recente. Ipea. 2007;2:552.","journal-title":"Ipea."},{"issue":"8","key":"855_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201426","volume":"67","author":"D Rasella","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rasella D, Aquino R, Barreto ML. Impact of income inequality on life expectancy in a highly unequal developing country: the case of Brazil. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2013;67(8):661\u20136.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"855_CR12","unstructured":"IBGE: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica. Censo Demogr\u00e1fico 2010: Caracter\u00edsticas das popula\u00e7\u00f5es e dos domic\u00edlios. \n                    http:\/\/seriesestatisticas.ibge.gov.br\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed 17 Aug 2016"},{"issue":"5","key":"855_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000500013","volume":"43","author":"SH Vendramini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vendramini SH, et al. An\u00e1lise espacial da co-infec\u00e7\u00e3o tuberculose\/HIV: rela\u00e7\u00e3o com n\u00edveis socioecon\u00f4micos em munic\u00edpio do sudeste do Brasil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2010;43(5):536\u201341.","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"4","key":"855_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132012000400014","volume":"38","author":"RM Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es RM, Lobo AP, Siqueira EA, Borges TFF, Melo SCC. Tuberculosis, HIV, and poverty: temporal trends in Brazil, the Americas, and worldwide. J Bras Pneumol. 2012;38(4):511\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"855_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1590\/1809-4503201400060008","volume":"17","author":"Lisiane Morelia Weide Acosta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Acosta LMW, Bassanesi SL. The Porto Alegre paradox: social determinants and tuberculosis incidence. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2014;17(2):88\u2013101.","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia"},{"key":"855_CR16","volume-title":"Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis: 2013 revision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis: 2013 revision, 2014. \n                    https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/79199\/9789241505345_eng.pdf?sequence=1\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"855_CR17","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis control","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis control 2012. \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/75938\/1\/9789241564502_eng.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"855_CR18","unstructured":"Casos confirmados notificados de tuberculose no Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o de Agravos de Notifica\u00e7\u00e3o (SINAN). Bras\u00edlia: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade do Brasil; 2013. SINAN. \n                    http:\/\/tabnet.datasus.gov.br\/cgi\/tabcgi.exe?sinannet\/cnv\/tubercbr.def\n                    \n                  . Accessed 17 Oct 2016."},{"key":"855_CR19","unstructured":"CID 10: Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o Estat\u00edstica Internacional de Doen\u00e7as e Problemas Relacionados \u00e0 Sa\u00fade - D\u00e9cima Revis\u00e3o. \n                    http:\/\/www.datasus.gov.br\/cid10\/V2008\/WebHelp\/a15a19.htm\n                    \n                  . Accessed 17 Oct 2016."},{"key":"855_CR20","unstructured":"United Nations. Human Development Report. 2016 United Nations development Programme. Income Gini Coefficient. \n                    http:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/en\/content\/income-gini-coefficient\n                    \n                  . Accessed 17 Nov 2016."},{"key":"855_CR21","unstructured":"Characteristics of the indicators\/qualification card: Gini index. 2016. \n                    http:\/\/fichas.ripsa.org.br\/2012\/b-9\/?l=pt_BR\n                    \n                  . Accessed 17 Nov 2017."},{"key":"855_CR22","unstructured":"Commission on social determinants of health. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/social_determinants\/resources\/csdh_framework_action_05_07.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 16 Feb 2017."},{"key":"855_CR23","unstructured":"PNUD: Programa das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas para o Desenvolvimento no Brasil - \u00cdndice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal, 2000 e 2010. \n                    http:\/\/www.br.undp.org\/content\/brazil\/pt\/home\/idh0\/rankings\/idhm-municipios-2010.html\n                    \n                  . Accessed 16 Feb 2017."},{"key":"855_CR24","unstructured":"\u00cdndice de Gini. Revista Desafios do Desenvolvimento. Bras\u00edlia \u2013 DF; 2004. \n                    http:\/\/desafios.ipea.gov.br\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2048:catid=28&Itemid=23\n                    \n                  . Accessed 28 May 2017."},{"key":"855_CR25","volume-title":"Cidades imagin\u00e1rias: o Brasil \u00e9 menos urbano do que se calcula","author":"JE Veiga","year":"2002","unstructured":"Veiga JE. Cidades imagin\u00e1rias: o Brasil \u00e9 menos urbano do que se calcula. Campinas: Autores Associados; 2002."},{"key":"855_CR26","volume-title":"Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences","author":"DE Hinkle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hinkle DE, Wiersma W, Jurs SG. Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences. 5th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin; 2003.","edition":"5"},{"key":"855_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.058453","volume":"87","author":"C Dye","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dye C, L\u00f6nnroth K, Jaramillo E, Williams BG, Raviglione M. Trends in tuberculosis incidence and their determinants in 134 countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2009;87:683\u201391.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"855_CR28","first-page":"560","volume":"30","author":"DM Casta\u00f1eda-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1eda-Hern\u00e1ndez DM, Tob\u00f3n-Garc\u00eda D, Rodr\u00edguez-Morales AJ. Associaci\u00f3n entre incidencia de tuberculosis e \u00edndice de desarrollo humano en 165 pa\u00edses del mundo. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2013;30(4):560\u20138.","journal-title":"Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica"},{"key":"855_CR29","first-page":"1042","volume":"9","author":"M Muniyandi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Muniyandi M, Ramachandran R, Gopi PG, et al. The prevalence of tuberculosis in different economic strata: a community survey from South India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2007;9:1042\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"855_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176116","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176116","volume":"12","author":"DM Pelissari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pelissari DM, Diaz-Quijano FA. Household crowding as a potential mediator of socioeconomic determinants of tuberculosis incidence in Brazil. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0176116. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0176116\n                    \n                   Accessed 18 Sept 2018.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"855_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1511.090916","volume":"15","author":"JE Suk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Suk JE, Manissero D, Buscher G, Semenza JC. Wealth inequality and tuberculosis elimination in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15(11):1812\u20134.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"855_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892013000400009","volume":"33","author":"A San Pedro","year":"2013","unstructured":"San Pedro A, Oliveira RM. Tuberculose e indicadores socioecon\u00f4micos: revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica da literatura. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2013;33(4):294\u2013301.","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"issue":"9","key":"855_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.9.1487","volume":"91","author":"RG Barr","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barr RG, Diez-Roux AV, Knirsch CA, Pablos-Mendez A. Neighborhood poverty and the resurgence of tuberculosis in new York City, 1984\u20131992. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(9):1487\u201393.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"6985","key":"855_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6985.963","volume":"310","author":"P Mangtani","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mangtani P, Jolley DJ, Watson JM, Rodrigues LC. Socioeconomic deprivation and notification rates for tuberculosis in London during 1982\u20131991. BMJ. 1995;310(6985):963\u20136.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"5","key":"855_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102000000500002","volume":"34","author":"HB Oliveira","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oliveira HB, Moreira Filho DC. Abandono de tratamento e recidiva da tuberculose: aspectos de epis\u00f3dios pr\u00e9vios, Campinas, SP, Brasil, 1993\u20131994. Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica. 2000;34(5):437\u201343.","journal-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"855_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.06.002","volume":"63","author":"E Dahl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dahl E, Elstad JI, Hofoss D, Martin-Mollard M. For whom is income inequality most harmful? A multi-level analysis of income inequality and mortality in Norway. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63:2562\u201374.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"855_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2013.01.005","volume":"17","author":"GP Oliveira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oliveira GP, Torrens AW, Bartholomay P, Barreira D. Tuberculosis in Brazil: last ten years\u2019 analysis\u20132001\u20132010. Braz J Infect Dis. 2013;17(2):218\u201333.","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"855_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2334-8","volume":"22","author":"JP Millet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Millet JP, Moreno A, Fina L, del Bano L, Orcau A, de Olalla PG, Cayla JA. Factors that influence current tuberculosis epidemiology. Eur Spine J. 2013;22(Suppl 4):539\u201348.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"855_CR39","first-page":"177","volume":"38","author":"CV Munayco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Munayco CV, M\u00fajica OJ, Le\u00f3n FX, del Granado M, Espinal MA. Social determinants and inequalities in tuberculosis incidence in Latin America and the Caribbean. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2015;38(3):177\u201385.","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"issue":"2","key":"855_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-81232002000200006","volume":"7","author":"G Vicentin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vicentin G, Santo AH, Carvalho MS. Mortalidade por tuberculose e indicadores sociais no munic\u00edpio do Rio de Janeiro. Cien Saude Colet. 2002;7(2):253\u201363.","journal-title":"Cien Saude Colet"},{"key":"855_CR41","first-page":"107","volume-title":"A geografia e o contexto dos problemas de sa\u00fade","author":"C Barcellos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barcellos C. Os indicadores da pobreza e a pobreza dos indicadores: Uma abordagem geogr\u00e1fica das desigualdades sociais em sa\u00fade. In: Barcellos C, editor. A geografia e o contexto dos problemas de sa\u00fade. Rio de Janeiro: Abrasco; 2008. p. 107\u201339."},{"issue":"9","key":"855_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e188","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050188","volume":"5","author":"AR Escombe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Escombe AR, Moore DA, Gilman RH, Pan W, Navincopa M, Ticona E, et al. The infectiousness of tuberculosis patients coinfected with HIV. PLoS Med. 2008;5(9):e188.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"855_CR43","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention - HIV\/AIDS - Statistics Center. HIV and AIDS in the United States by geographic distribution. \n                    http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/statistics\/overview\/geographicdistribution.html\n                    \n                  . Accessed 11 Mar 2018."},{"key":"855_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000225870.87456.ae","volume":"42","author":"J Kiersten","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kiersten J, Ann W. Risk factors for HIV infection in a national adult population: evidence from the 2003 Kenya demographic and health survey. J Acquired Immune Defic Synd. 2006;42:627\u201336.","journal-title":"J Acquired Immune Defic Synd"},{"key":"855_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-698X-6-11","volume":"6","author":"EJ Kongnyuy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kongnyuy EJ, Wiysonge CS, Mbu RE, Nana P, Kouam L. Wealth and sexual behaviour among men in Cameroon. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2006;6:11.","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"3","key":"855_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822011005000034","volume":"44","author":"R Zenteno-Cuevas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zenteno-Cuevas R, Montes-Villase\u00f1or E, Morales-Romero J. Coronel-Mart\u00edn del campo G, Cuevas B. coinfection and risk factors of tuberculosis in a Mexican HIV+ population. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011;44(3):282\u20135.","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"4","key":"855_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132012000400014","volume":"38","author":"RM Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es RM, Lobo AP, Siqueira EA, Borges TFF, Melo SCC. Tuberculose, HIV e pobreza: tend\u00eancia temporal no Brasil, Am\u00e9ricas e Mundo. J Bras Pneumol. 2012;38(4):511\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"855_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2307\/2554117","volume":"50","author":"AF Shorrocks","year":"1983","unstructured":"Shorrocks AF. Ranking income distributions. Economica. 1983;50:3\u201317.","journal-title":"Economica."}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-019-0855-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-019-0855-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-019-0855-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T19:11:16Z","timestamp":1588792276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12890-019-0855-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-019-0855-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital (May 2013), which exempted the need for ethical approval because it is ecological research based on public secondary data.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"87"}}