{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:45:26Z","timestamp":1790390726805,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with poor prognosis mainly affecting males. Differences in clinical presentation between genders may be important both for the diagnostic work-up and for follow-up. In the present study, we therefore explored potential gender differences at presentation in a Swedish cohort of IPF-patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied patients included in the Swedish IPF- registry over a three-year period from its launch in 2014. A cross-sectional analysis was performed for data concerning demographics, lung function, 6- min walking test (6MWT) and quality of life (QoL) (King\u2019s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD) score).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three hundred forty- eight patients (250 (72%) males, 98 (28%) females, median age 72\u2009years in both genders) were included in the registry during the study period. Smoking history (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009169 (68%) vs.\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200953 (54%),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), baseline lung function (Forced vital capacity, % of predicted (FVC%): 68.9%\u2009\u00b1\u200914.4 vs. 73.0%\u2009\u00b1\u200917.7,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05; Total lung capacity, % of predicted (TLC%): 62.2%\u2009\u00b1\u200911.8 vs. 68.6%\u2009\u00b1\u200911.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were significantly different at presentation between males and females, respectively. Comorbidities such as coronary artery disease (OR: 3.5\u201395% CI: 1.6\u20137.6) and other cardiovascular diseases (including atrial fibrillation and heart failure) (OR: 3.8\u201395% CI: 1.9\u20137.8) also showed significant differences between the genders. The K- BILD showed poor quality of life, but no difference was found between genders in total score (54\u2009\u00b1\u200911 vs. 54\u2009\u00b1\u200910,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.61 in males vs. females, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows that female patients with IPF have a more preserved lung function than males at inclusion, while males have a significant burden of cardiovascular comorbidities. However, QoL and results on the 6MWT did not differ between the groups. These gender differences may be of importance both at diagnosis and follow- up of patients with IPF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-0994-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T22:02:47Z","timestamp":1574805767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Gender differences at presentation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kalafatis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Pesonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Magnus","family":"Sk\u00f6ld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3807-3315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"994_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL","volume":"183","author":"G Raghu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, Martinez FJ, Behr J, Brown KK, et al. An official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. 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Patients are asked to sign an informed consent upon inclusion in the registry.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"DK and JG reports no conflict of interest. IP received fees for lectures from Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche. LC received fees for lectures from Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche. MS received fees for lectures and consulting from Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche. GF received fees for lectures from Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"222"}}