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This syndrome manifests as fever and chest pain following cough and sputum production. A 49-year-old woman presented with fever and a 14-day history of pneumonia. CT showed mediastinal abscesses with a giant calcified mediastinal lymph node (21\u2009\u00d7\u200918\u2009mm) and pneumonia. Bronchoscopy by EBUS-TBNA under general anesthesia was performed. The pathogen found in the puncture culture was <jats:italic>Streptococcus constellatus<\/jats:italic>, and antibiotics (mezlocillin\/sulbactam 3.375 IVGTT q8h) was administered. A proximal right main bronchial neoplasm, suspected lung cancer, was found and conformed to inflammatory granuloma. A total of 22\u2009months post-discharge the patient was clinically stable. We also conducted a review of the literature for all <jats:italic>Streptococcus constellatus<\/jats:italic> descending necrotizing mediastinitis infections between 2011 and 2017.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-1068-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T16:09:04Z","timestamp":1581955744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Descending necrotizing mediastinitis caused by Streptococcus constellatus in an immunocompetent patient: case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Rui-hai","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-chao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-hua","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-ping","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-hong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1068_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12020357","volume":"12","author":"G Porta","year":"1998","unstructured":"Porta G, Rodr\u00edguez-Carballeira M, G\u00f3mez L, et al. 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Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying image. A copy of the written consent is available for review and publish by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"43"}}