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Interventional bronchoscopy is increasingly used to relieve symptoms in patients with SCAS, but recurrent stenosis is frequently observed. Little data exist on the long-term prognosis of interventional bronchoscopy for SCAS. We aimed to assess the prognostic factors of bronchoscopic interventions in patients with SCAS to optimize treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective study that enrolled 119 consecutive patients with SCAS from January 2010 to April 2019 at our institution. Long-term clinical success was defined as airway stenosis &lt;\u200950%, no limitation of physical activity, and a stable condition for &gt;\u200912\u00a0months after the last interventional procedure. We compared patients\u2019 demographics, airway stenosis characteristics, and interventional procedures between the successful and unsuccessful groups, and identified significant predictors of long-term outcome with univariate and multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 119 patients with 577 therapeutic bronchoscopies were included. Seventy-five (63%) patients were considered to have long-term clinical success. Older age, male gender, smoking, elevated C-reactive protein level, subglottic stenosis, stent or T-tube implantation, previous interventional treatment, and multiple procedures per year were potentially associated with unsuccessful long-term outcomes in the univariate analysis. Current smoker status (odds ratio [OR] 5.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35\u201324.17,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018), subglottic stenosis (OR 4.35, 95% CI 1.31\u201314.46,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017), and stent implantation (OR 4.96, 95% CI 1.33\u201318.48,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) were associated with decreased odds of long-term success in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Of note, there was no significant difference in odds of success between former smokers and nonsmokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current smoker status, subglottic stenosis, and stent implantation are independent factors associated with reduced long-term efficacy of interventional bronchoscopy for SCAS. Smoking cessation should be encouraged to improve the outcome of therapeutic bronchoscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01434-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T20:02:58Z","timestamp":1614628978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Long-term prognostic factors of clinical success after interventional bronchoscopy in patients with scarring central airway stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kunyan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5949-2124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangfa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1434_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00132804","volume":"30","author":"L Freitag","year":"2007","unstructured":"Freitag L, Ernst A, Unger M, et al. 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