{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:32:26Z","timestamp":1790062346592,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) in the diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is not a common approach, although TBLB is often performed in diffuse lung diseases. We aimed to examine the diagnostic value and safety of TBLB in LAM patients based on the data collected in our center.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We reviewed LAM patients registered in our LAM Clinic from December 8, 2006, to December 31, 2019. All patients with definite or probable diagnosis of LAM who had been examined using TBLB were included. All available pathology slides were reviewed by an experienced LAM pathologist. All complications were reviewed by the medical records and confirmed using telephone interviews.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The pathology results of 86 patients (including 74 definite LAM and 12 probable LAM) were available. The positive rate of TBLB in LAM patients was 49\/86 (57.0%). The positive rates of SMA, HMB-45, ER, and PR in LAM patients were 97.6%, 93%, 84.6%, and 78.4% respectively. The positive rate of TBLB was 40%, 60% and 60.8% in patients with CT Grade I, Grade II, and Grade III respectively, and the difference was not significant. Patients who had 3\u20134 or 5\u20136 biopsied specimens had a higher rate of diagnosis than those with 1\u20132 biopsied specimens. Four patients (5.6%) reported pneumothorax. No major hemoptysis was reported.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>TBLB is a feasible and safe procedure for obtaining a pathological diagnosis of LAM. Taking more than 2 samples during the biopsy procedure increased the rate of diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01518-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T11:03:03Z","timestamp":1620039783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The value of transbronchial lung biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Wenshuai","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongrui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruie","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1518_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00113303","volume":"27","author":"SR Johnson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnson SR. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Eur Respir J. 2006;27(5):1056\u201365.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1518_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00076209","volume":"35","author":"SR Johnson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnson SR, Cordier JF, Lazor R, Cottin V, Costabel U, Harari S, et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis and management of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Eur Respir J. 2010;35(1):14\u201326.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"10","key":"1518_CR3","first-page":"1337","volume":"196","author":"N Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta N. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis diagnosis and management: high-resolution chest computed tomography, transbronchial lung biopsy, and pleural disease management. Offi Am Thorac Soc. 2017;196(10):1337\u201348.","journal-title":"Offi Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1518_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2013.74.3.97","volume":"74","author":"HK Koo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koo HK, Yoo CG. Multiple cystic lung disease. Tubercu Respir Dis. 2013;74(3):97\u2013103.","journal-title":"Tubercu Respir Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1518_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13190","volume":"23","author":"T Koba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koba T, Arai T, Kitaichi M, Kasai T, Hirose M, Tachibana K, Sugimoto C, Akira M, Hayashi S, Inoue Y. Efficacy and safety of transbronchial lung biopsy for the diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a report of 24 consecutive patients. Respirology. 2018;23(3):331\u20138.","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1518_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-020-01409-5","volume":"15","author":"S Okamoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okamoto S, Suzuki K, Hayashi T, Muraki K, Nagaoka T, Nishino K, et al. Transbronchial lung biopsy for the diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis: the severity of cystic lung destruction assessed by the modified Goddard scoring system as a predictor for establishing the diagnosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2020;15(1):125.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1518_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.214.2.r00fe41441","volume":"214","author":"NA Avila","year":"2000","unstructured":"Avila NA, Chen CC, Chu SC, Wu M, Jones EC, Neumann RD, et al. Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis: correlation of ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy, chest radiography, and CT with pulmonary function tests. 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The study was part of LAM registry study of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The protocol of this study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S-k1244). All subjects included in this study signed informed consent documents.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"146"}}