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We aimed to explore the role of the lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in pneumonia and its underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of KCNQ1OT1, FOXM1, and miR-370-3p was detected in the serum of 24 children with pneumonia and in 24 healthy controls. Normal human embryonic lung-derived diploid fibroblasts (WI-38 cells) were stimulated with LPS (10\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL) to simulate the cellular model of pneumonia, and cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation were analysed. Dual luciferase reporter and\/or RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assays were performed to test the relationship between miR-370-3p and KCNQ1OT1\/FOXM1. Mice were intratracheally administered LPS (5\u00a0mg\/kg) to induce an in vivo model of pneumonia, and pathological injury and inflammation were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of KCNQ1OT1 and FOXM1 was up-regulated, and miR-370-3p was down-regulated in the serum of children with pneumonia, LPS-treated WI-38 cells, and in lung tissues of LPS-treated mice. Silencing of KCNQ1OT1 or overexpression of miR-370-3p suppressed cell apoptosis and inflammation and facilitated cell viability in LPS-treated WI-38 cells. KCNQ1OT1 directly targets miR-370-3p and negatively regulates its expression. FOXM1 was targeted by miR-370-3p and negatively modulated by miR-370-3p. In addition, silencing of KCNQ1OT1 mitigated LPS-induced lung injury and inflammation in mice. The protective effects of KCNQ1OT1 silencing in LPS-treated WI-38 cells and mice were reversed by silencing of miR-370-3p or overexpression of FOXM1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Silencing of KCNQ1OT1 alleviates LPS-induced lung injury by regulating the miR-370-3p\/FOXM1 axis in pneumonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01609-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T10:03:07Z","timestamp":1627034587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Silencing of long non-coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 alleviates LPS-induced lung injury by regulating the miR-370-3p\/FOXM1 axis in childhood pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nini","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1609_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mattila JT, Fine MJ, Limper AH, Murray PR, Chen BB, Lin PL (2014) Pneumonia. 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