{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T03:21:57Z","timestamp":1767842517272,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Aspiration pneumonitis is an inflammatory disease of the lungs which is difficult to diagnose accurately. Large-volume aspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric contents is essential for the development of aspiration pneumonitis. The role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is often underestimated as a rare etiological factor for aspiration in the diagnosis process of aspiration pneumonitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We present a case of a patient with 4\u00a0weeks of right-sided watery rhinorrhea accompanied by intermittent postnasal drip and dry cough as the main symptoms. Combined with clinical symptoms, imaging examination of the sinuses, and laboratory examination of nasal secretions, she was initially diagnosed as spontaneous sphenoid sinus meningoencephalocele with CSF rhinorrhea, and intraoperative endoscopic findings and postoperative pathology also confirmed this diagnosis. Her chest computed tomography showed multiple flocculent ground glass density shadows in both lungs on admission. The patient underwent endoscopic resection of meningoencephalocele and repair of skull base defect after she was ruled out of viral pneumonitis. Symptoms of rhinorrhea and dry cough disappeared, and pneumonitis was improved 1\u00a0week after surgery and cured 2\u00a0months after surgery. Persistent CSF rhinorrhea caused by spontaneous sphenoid sinus meningoencephalocele was eventually found to be a major etiology for aspiration pneumonitis although the absence of typical symptoms and well-defined risk factors for aspiration, such as dysphagia, impaired cough reflex and reflux diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We report a rare case of aspiration pneumonitis caused by spontaneous sphenoid sinus meningoencephalocele with CSF rhinorrhea, which can bring more attention and understanding to the uncommon etiology for aspiration, so as to make more accurate diagnosis of the disease and early surgical treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01620-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T21:02:27Z","timestamp":1627765347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An uncommon etiological factor for aspiration pneumonitis caused by spontaneous sphenoid sinus meningoencephalocele with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1543-2629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xicheng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1620_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1714562","volume":"380","author":"LA Mandell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mandell LA, Niederman MS. Aspiration pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:651\u201363.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1620_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00608.x","volume":"54","author":"M Reza Shariatzadeh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reza Shariatzadeh M, Huang JQ, Marrie TJ. Differences in the features of aspiration pneumonia according to site of acquisition: community or continuing care facility. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:296\u2013302.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1620_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2014.07.011","volume":"30","author":"DM DiBardino","year":"2015","unstructured":"DiBardino DM, Wunderink RG. Aspiration pneumonia: a review of modern trends. J Crit Care. 2015;30:40\u20138.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"1620_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38097","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38097","volume":"6","author":"K Komiya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Komiya K, Rubin BK, Kadota JI, Mukae H, Akaba T, Moro H, et al. Prognostic implications of aspiration pneumonia in patients with community acquired pneumonia: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2016;6:38097.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1620_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2020200097","volume":"40","author":"HJ Koo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koo HJ, Choi SH, Sung H, Choe J, Do KH. RadioGraphics update: radiographic and CT features of viral pneumonia. Radiographics. 2020;40:E8\u201315.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"1620_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opab088","author":"AJ Kobets","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kobets AJ, Redett RJ, Walsh JM, Lopez J, Guryildirim M, Cohen AR. Repair of giant anterior skull base encephalocele containing intralesional eloquent brain: technical note. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ons\/opab088.","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"1620_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1582238","volume":"77","author":"J Seltzer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seltzer J, Babadjouni A, Wrobel BB, Zada G. Resolution of chronic aspiration pneumonitis following endoscopic endonasal repair of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula of the skull base. J Neurol Surg Rep. 2016;77:e73\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg Rep"},{"key":"1620_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28757","volume":"131","author":"M Or","year":"2021","unstructured":"Or M, Buchanan IA, Sizdahkhani S, Hurth K, Amba S, Seltzer J, et al. Chronic aspiration pneumonitis caused by spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistulae of the skull base. Laryngoscope. 2021;131:462\u20136.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"1620_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22043","volume":"8","author":"J Nelson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nelson J, Karempelis P, Dunitz J, Hunter R, Boyer H. Pulmonary aspiration of sinus secretions in patients with cystic fibrosis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2018;8:385\u20138.","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"1620_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.186","volume":"132","author":"D Manjubashini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manjubashini D, Kiran M, Akshaya S, Nagarajan K. Intrasphenoidal encephalocele with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: need for clarity in terminology and imaging delineation. World Neurosurg. 2019;132:129\u201333.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"1620_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.11.085","volume":"89","author":"ER Laws Jr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laws ER Jr. Meningocele and meningoencephalocele of the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus. World Neurosurg. 2016;89:703\u20134.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-021-01620-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-021-01620-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-021-01620-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T21:03:30Z","timestamp":1627765410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12890-021-01620-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-021-01620-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University (Approval No. 2020-287).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for the publication of this case report and of the accompanying images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"254"}}