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This study investigated the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on T2D-induced lung injuries at histopathological and molecular levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into control (CTL), Diabetes (Db), exercise (Ex), and Diabetes\u2009+\u2009exercise (Db\u2009+\u2009Ex) groups. T2D was induced by a high-fat diet plus (35\u00a0mg\/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Rats in Ex and Db\u2009+\u2009Ex performed HIIT for eight weeks. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF\u03b1), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), BAX, Bcl2, Lecithin, Sphingomyelin (SPM) and Surfactant protein D (SPD) levels were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were measured in lung tissue. Lung histopathological alterations were assessed by using H&amp;E and trichrome mason staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Diabetes was significantly associated with imbalance in pro\/anti-inflammatory, pro\/anti-apoptosis and redox systems, and reduced the SPD, lecithin sphingomyelin and alveolar number. Performing HIIT by diabetic animals increased Bcl2 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and IL10 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) levels as well as surfactants components and TAC (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but decreased fasting blood glucose (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), TNF\u03b1 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), BAX (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and BAX\/Bcl2 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) levels as well as MDA (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and MDA\/TAC (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) compared to the diabetic group. Furthermore, lung injury and fibrosis scores were increased by T2D and recovered in presence of HIIT.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggested that the attenuating effect of HIIT on diabetic lung injury mediated by reducing blood sugar, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis as well as improving pulmonary surfactants components.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes increased inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis and reduced pulmonary surfactants , while high intensity training improved these negative effects<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-02840-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T04:02:27Z","timestamp":1705464147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Lung molecular and histological changes in type 2 diabetic rats and its improvement by high-intensity interval training"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Amin","family":"Rajizadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayvan","family":"Khoramipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyavash","family":"Joukar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Darvishzadeh-Mahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Iranpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Abbas","family":"Bejeshk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam Doustaki","family":"Zaboli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2840_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2021.1916743","volume":"133","author":"MA Rajizadeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rajizadeh MA, Aminizadeh AH, Esmaeilpour K, Bejeshk MA, Sadeghi A, Salimi F. 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