{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T17:06:05Z","timestamp":1761239165560},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of non-HIV related <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (PJP) is increasing with use of immunosuppressive therapies. There are case reports of solid organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy presenting with mild hypercalcemia, leading to a diagnosis of PJP. Recent studies have shown efficacy of PJP prophylaxis for patients treated with rituximab with a favourable adverse effect profile.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 78-year-old male with a history of PR3-ANCA vasculitis, chronic kidney disease and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction presented to our tertiary care hospital with a two-week history of confusion and non-productive cough. Background immunosuppression with rituximab was completed every six months. The patient was found to have hypercalcemia and new infiltrates and ground glass opacities on cross-sectional imaging. Bronchoscopy was performed that was positive for <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>. He was treated with 21 days of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and prednisone with resolution of symptoms and hypercalcemia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Herein, we present a novel case of PJP in a non-transplant recipient preceded by hypercalcemia. Our case demonstrates the importance for a high suspicion for PJP in chronically immunosuppressed patients on rituximab presenting with PTH-independent hypercalcemia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03007-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T15:01:59Z","timestamp":1713970919000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A case of hypercalcemia from Pneumocystis jirovecii in an immunosuppressed non-HIV patient"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Vishrut","family":"Gulhati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janeve","family":"Desy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina S.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"3007_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4678-6","volume":"114","author":"M Sokulska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sokulska M, Kicia M, Wesolowska M, Hendrich AB. 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