{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:28:34Z","timestamp":1792445314249,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bronchial arterial embolization (BAE) has been accepted as an effective treatment for bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis. However, rare clinical trials compare different sizes of specific embolic agents. This study aims to evaluate whether different Embosphere microsphere sizes change the outcome of BAE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review was conducted on consecutive patients with bronchiectatic hemoptysis who were scheduled to undergo BAE treatment during a period from January 2018 to December 2022. The patients received BAE using microspheres of different sizes: group A patients were treated with 500\u2013750\u00a0\u03bcm microspheres, and group B patients were treated with 700\u2013900\u00a0\u03bcm microspheres. The cost of embolic microspheres (Chinese Yuan, CNY), duration of hospitalization, complications, and hemoptysis-free survival were compared between patients in group A and those in group B. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify predictors of recurrent hemoptysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median follow-up was 30.2 months (range, 20.3\u201356.5 months). The final analysis included a total of 112 patients (49\u201377 years of age; 45 men). The patients were divided into two groups: group A (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200968), which received 500\u2013750\u00a0\u03bcm Embosphere microspheres, and group B (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200944), which received 700\u2013900\u00a0\u03bcm Embosphere microspheres. Except for the cost of embolic microspheres(group A,5314.8\u2009+\u20091301.5 CNY; group B, 3644.5\u2009+\u20091192.3 CNY;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042), there were no statistically significant differences in duration of hospitalization (group A,7.2\u2009+\u20091.4 days; group B, 8\u2009+\u20092.4days;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.550), hemoptysis-free survival (group A, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 85.9%, 75.8%, 62.9%; group B, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 88.4%, 81.2%,59.4%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.060), and complications(group A,26.5%; group B, 38.6%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.175) between the two groups. No major complications were observed. The multivariate analysis results revealed that the presence of cystic bronchiectasis (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.12\u20132.83;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and systemic arterial-pulmonary shunts (SPSs) (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.10\u20132.72;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028) were independent risk factors for recurrent bleeding.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the treatment of BAE in patients with bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis, 500\u2013750\u00a0\u03bcm diameter Embosphere microspheres have a similar efficacy and safety profile compared to 700\u2013900\u00a0\u03bcm diameter Embosphere microspheres, especially for those without SPSs or cystic bronchiectasis. Furthermore, the utilization of large-sized (700\u2013900\u00a0\u03bcm) Embosphere microspheres is associated with the reduced cost of an embolic agent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03019-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T11:01:59Z","timestamp":1713956519000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Embosphere microspheres size for bronchial artery embolization in patients with hemoptysis caused by bronchiectasis: a retrospective comparative analysis of 500\u2013750 versus 700\u2013900\u00a0\u03bcm microspheres"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hong-Dou","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Bing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"3019_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quint JK, Smith MP. Pediatric and adult bronchiectasis: Diagnosis, disease burden and prognosis.[J].Respirology, 2019, 24: 413\u2013422.","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13495"},{"key":"3019_CR2","first-page":"16","volume":"40","author":"WJ Guan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guan WJ, Yuan JJ, Gao YH, et al. [Hemoptysis in adults with bronchiectasis: correlation with disease severity and exacerbation risk].[J]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2017;40:16\u201323.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi"},{"key":"3019_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2017.16454","volume":"4","author":"A Panda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Panda A, Bhalla AS, Goyal A. Bronchial artery embolization in hemoptysis: a systematic review.[J]. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2017;4:307\u201317.","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"3019_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0000000000000226","volume":"3","author":"J Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen J, Chen LA, Liang ZX, et al. Immediate and long-term results of bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis due to benign versus malignant pulmonary diseases.[J]. Am J Med Sci. 2014;3:204\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"3019_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chun JY, Morgan R, Belli AM. Radiological management of hemoptysis: a comprehensive review of diagnostic imaging and bronchial arterial embolization.[J].Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol,2010,2:240\u2009\u2013\u200950.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-009-9788-z"},{"issue":"2","key":"3019_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-017-1818-7","volume":"41","author":"F Kucukay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kucukay F, Topcuoglu OM, Alpar A, Altay \u00c7M, Kucukay MB, Ozbulbul NI. Bronchial artery embolization with large Sized (700\u2013900 \u00b5m) tris-acryl Microspheres (Embosphere) for massive hemoptysis: long-term results (Clinical Research). Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2018;41(2):225\u201330.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"3019_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Corr PD. Bronchial artery embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis using tris-acryl microspheres: short-term result. 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Thorax. 1950;5(3):233\u201347.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"3019_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01312-2015","volume":"2","author":"HC Ellis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ellis HC, Cowman S, Fernandes M, et al. Predicting mortality in bronchiectasis using bronchiectasis severity index and FACED scores: a 19-year cohort study[. J] Eur Respir J. 2016;2:482\u20139.","journal-title":"J] Eur Respir J"},{"key":"3019_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2010.05.004","volume":"7","author":"K Hidaka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hidaka K, Nakamura M, Osuga K, et al. Elastic characteristics of microspherical embolic agents used for vascular interventional radiology.[J]. 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Radiographics,2015,1:32\u201349.","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.351140089"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03019-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03019-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03019-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T11:03:42Z","timestamp":1713956622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03019-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03019-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3392654\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study followed the guidelines of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing Gaochun Peoples Hospital (Ethical review no. 2022-015-01). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing Gaochun Peoples due to its retrospective nature.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"203"}}