{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:37:43Z","timestamp":1792787863532,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005689","name":"G\u00f6teborgs L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GLS-42651, GLS-100831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLS-42651, GLS-100831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005689","name":"G\u00f6teborgs L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GLS-42651, GLS-100831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLS-42651, GLS-100831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"F\u00e9lix Neubergh Foundation","award":["120130, 120911, 130220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120130, 120911, 130220"]}]},{"name":"F\u00e9lix Neubergh Foundation","award":["120130, 120911, 130220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120130, 120911, 130220"]}]},{"name":"Agreement concerning research and education of doctors in Sweden","award":["ALFGBG-11054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-11054"]}]},{"name":"Agreement concerning research and education of doctors in Sweden","award":["ALFGBG-11054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-11054"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005760","name":"University of Gothenburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Back ground<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knowledge concerning pulmonary function in adult patients with onset of idiopathic scoliosis before age 10 is sparse. A long-term follow-up (FU, mean 26 years, &gt;\u200912 years after treatment) of pulmonary function (PF) in patients treated with brace or surgery due to idiopathic scoliosis with onset before the age of 10 was earlier performed. To evaluate whether a more severe reduction in pulmonary function leads to more rapid deterioration within a four-year period, this study was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty patients with the most reduced pulmonary function and 19 out of those with normal PF found at the long-term FU were reexamined 4 years later to evaluate further changes in pulmonary function. Patients underwent spirometry and arterial blood gas analysis and answered pulmonary symptom questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>70% of the reduced pulmonary function group had undergone surgery vs. 26% of the normal group. The mean age (47 vs. 43 years) at this FU and curve size (37\u00b0 vs. 35\u00b0) at the 26-year FU\u00a0were similar. The decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) % of predicted was similar in both groups over the four-year period, from 67 to 65% in the reduced PF group vs. 96 to 94% in the normal PF group. The total lung capacity (TLC) % of predicted did not change over time in either group. No patient reported worsening dyspnea symptoms. Only one patient in the reduced PF group showed low arterial oxygen tension, 8.4 kPa, not signifying respiratory insufficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The age-related decline in FVC and TLC % of predicted did not differ between those with reduced and those with normal pulmonary function at the 26-year follow-up. Thus, these data do not infer increased rate of decline in the most deteriorated patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03053-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T20:02:22Z","timestamp":1716580942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Do middle-aged patients with onset of idiopathic scoliosis before the age of 10 years who have reduced pulmonary function have a risk for rapid decline \u2013 a comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Aina J","family":"Danielsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin L\u00f6fdahl","family":"H\u00e4llerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"3053_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199209000-00014","volume":"17","author":"K Pehrsson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pehrsson K, Larsson S, Oden A, Nachemson A. Long-term follow-up of patients with untreated scoliosis. A study of mortality, causes of death, and symptoms. Spine. 1992;17:1091\u20136.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"3053_CR2","first-page":"643","volume":"119","author":"EH Bergofsky","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bergofsky EH. Respiratory failure in disorders of the thoracic cage. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1979;119:643\u201369.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"3053_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-0971(86)90089-6","volume":"80","author":"MA Branthwaite","year":"1986","unstructured":"Branthwaite MA. Cardiorespiratory consequences of unfused idiopathic scoliosis. Br J Dis Chest. 1986;80:360\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Dis Chest"},{"key":"3053_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.46.7.474","volume":"46","author":"K Pehrsson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pehrsson K, Bake B, Larsson S, Nachemson A. Lung function in adult idiopathic scoliosis: a 20 year follow up. Thorax. 1991;46:474\u20138.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"3053_CR5","first-page":"451","volume":"3","author":"A Danielsson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Danielsson A, Ekerljung L, Lofdahl Hallerman K. Pulmonary function in Middle-aged patients with idiopathic scoliosis with Onset before the age of 10 years. Journ Spine Def. 2015;3:451\u201361.","journal-title":"Journ Spine Def"},{"key":"3053_CR6","unstructured":"Cobb J. Technique for study of scoliosis. In W. P. Blount AAoOS ed. AAOS Instructional Course Lectures. Ann Arbor: J. Edwards, Publisher, Inc., 1948:261\u2009\u2013\u200975."},{"key":"3053_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312","volume":"40","author":"PH Quanjer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Quanjer PH, Stanojevic S, Cole TJ, et al. Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur Respir J. 2012;40:1324\u201343.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"3053_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677508989282","volume":"46","author":"M Lindh","year":"1975","unstructured":"Lindh M, Bjure J. Lung volumes in scoliosis before and after correction by the Harrington instrumentation method. Acta Orthop Scand. 1975;46:934\u201348.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"3053_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1183\/09041950.005s1693","volume":"16","author":"PH Quanjer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Quanjer PH, Tammeling GJ, Cotes JE, et al. Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows. Report Working Party standardization of lung function tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Official Statement of the European respiratory society. 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Thorax. 1987;42:801\u20138.","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03053-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03053-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03053-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T20:02:36Z","timestamp":1716580956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03053-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03053-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This research study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee at the Medical Faculty at Gothenburg University, Sweden, # 081\/07. All participants in the study gave written informed consent. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations in the \u2018Ethics approval and consent to participate\u2019 statement.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable (NA).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"256"}}