{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:43:36Z","timestamp":1790016216986,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic multisystem disorder. Inflammatory processes, which presumably begin early in infancy, play a crucial role in the progression of the disease. The detection of inflammatory biomarkers, especially in the airways, has therefore gained increasing attention. Due to improved treatment options, patients with CF produce less sputum. Nasal lavage samples therefore represent a promising alternative to induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. However, methodology of cytokine measurements is not standardised and comparisons of results are therefore often difficult. The aim of this study was to identify suitable detection methods of cytokines in nasal lavage samples by comparison of two different assays.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nasal lavage samples were obtained from the same patient at the same time by trained respiratory physiotherapists using a disposable syringe and 10\u00a0ml of 0.9% sodium chloride per nostril during outpatient visits. The cytokines IL-17\u00a0A, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured using two different assays (BD\u2122 and Milliplex\u00ae), which have already been applied in sputum and nasal lavage samples, despite different lower detection limits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>22 participants were included in the study. In 95.5% of measurements, values were below the limit of detection with respect to the BD\u2122 assay. Only IL-6 could be detected in approximately half of the patients. Individual cytokine levels were considerably higher when measured with Milliplex\u00ae, which is also reflected in a statistically significant manner (p\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The right choice of analysis method is crucial for measuring inflammatory markers in nasal lavage samples. Compared to the literature, Milliplex\u00ae showed higher detection rates and similar concentrations to other studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ethics approval was obtained from the ethics committee at Medical University of Innsbruck (EK Nr: 1055\/2022).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03103-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T02:01:42Z","timestamp":1718762502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Detection of cytokines in nasal lavage samples of patients with cystic fibrosis: comparison of two different cytokine detection assays"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1002-1185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Zlamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Z\u00f6ggeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Appelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Niedermayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Siedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Gasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Eder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Ellemunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10290","key":"3103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736","volume":"397","author":"M Shteinberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shteinberg M, Haq IJ, Polineni D, Davies JC. 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Ethics approval was obtained from the ethics committee at Medical University of Innsbruck (EK Nr: 1055\/2022). Written informed consent was obtained from the patients and\/or their legal guardian for publication of the data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"286"}}