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However, clinical significance of trivial and mild pulmonary abnormalities remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether trivial and mild interstitial pneumonia and emphysema, in addition to their advanced forms, impact the prognosis and lead to acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia (AEIP) in patients with lung cancer.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital and included patients with lung cancer. Computed tomography images were evaluated using the interstitial lung abnormality (ILA) score for interstitial pneumonia, which included no ILA, equivocal ILA, ILA, interstitial lung disease (ILD), and the Goddard score for emphysema. Cox analyses were performed using the ILA and Goddard scores as the main explanatory variables, adjusting for multiple covariates.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among 1,507 patients with lung cancer, 1,033 had no ILA, 160 had equivocal ILA, 174 had ILA, and 140 had ILD. In total, 474 patients (31.5%) exhibited interstitial pneumonia and 638 (42.3%) showed emphysema. The log-rank trend test showed that survival probability was significantly better in patients with no ILA, followed by those with equivocal ILA, ILA, and ILD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). After adjustment, the ILA and Goddard scores remained significant variables for increased hazard ratios (HR) for mortality: no ILA (HR, 1.00: reference), equivocal ILA (HR, 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18\u20131.46; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), ILA (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.39\u20132.12; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), ILD (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.63\u20133.09; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and Goddard score (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.06; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.010). Moreover, both scores were associated with increased cause-specific HRs for AEIP.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results revealed that approximately one-third of patients with lung cancer had interstitial pneumonia when incorporating trivial and mild cases. Because interstitial pneumonia and emphysema, ranging from trivial to severe, significantly impact mortality and AEIP in patients with lung cancer, we should identify even trivial and mild cases of these pulmonary abnormalities among patients with lung cancer in addition to the advanced ones.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03105-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T07:02:39Z","timestamp":1719039759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Deleterious impact of trivial to severe interstitial pneumonia and emphysema on mortality and acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia in patients with lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1615-5245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutaka","family":"Tomishima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Ohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3105_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21654","volume":"71","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. 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The IRB waived the requirement for patient consent because this was a retrospective study utilizing medical charts. Patients had the right to refuse to participate by disclosure. Study protocols complied with relevant guidelines and regulations in the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"As our research is not a prospective study, we do not have a Clinical Trial Number.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"290"}}