{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:25:00Z","timestamp":1789388700333,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03281-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T18:02:34Z","timestamp":1726768954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Patients with influenza admitted to a tertiary-care hospital in Riyadh between 2018 and 2022: characteristics, outcomes and factors associated with ICU admission and mortality"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3772-8949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan M.","family":"Al-Dorzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra A.","family":"Alsafwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Alsalahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa S.","family":"Aljulayfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roa","family":"Alshaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salam","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munira A.","family":"Aldossari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deem A.","family":"Alsahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3836-8225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3281_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12470","volume":"11","author":"SA Sellers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sellers SA, Hagan RS, Hayden FG, Fischer WA. The hidden burden of influenza: a review of the extra-pulmonary complications of influenza infection. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2017;11(5):372\u201393.","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"3281_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003194","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003194","volume":"9","author":"JD Tamerius","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tamerius JD, Shaman J, Alonso WJ, Bloom-Feshbach K, Uejio CK, Comrie A, et al. Environmental predictors of seasonal influenza epidemics across temperate and tropical climates. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(3):e1003194.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"3281_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30496-X","volume":"7","author":"CE Troeger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Troeger CE, Blacker BF, Khalil IA, Zimsen SR, Albertson SB, Abate D, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and hospitalisations due to influenza lower respiratory tract infections, 2017: an analysis for the global burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Respiratory Med. 2019;7(1):69\u201389.","journal-title":"Lancet Respiratory Med"},{"issue":"10127","key":"3281_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33293-2","volume":"391","author":"AD Iuliano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iuliano AD, Roguski KM, Chang HH, Muscatello DJ, Palekar R, Tempia S, et al. Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study. Lancet. 2018;391(10127):1285\u2013300.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"3281_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9563","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009563","volume":"5","author":"MP Muller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Muller MP, McGeer AJ, Hassan K, Marshall J, Christian M, Network TIBD. Evaluation of pneumonia severity and acute physiology scores to predict ICU admission and mortality in patients hospitalized for influenza. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(3):e9563.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"3281_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.091823","volume":"182","author":"A Campbell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Campbell A, Rodin R, Kropp R, Mao Y, Hong Z, Vachon J, et al. Risk of severe outcomes among patients admitted to hospital with pandemic (H1N1) influenza. CMAJ. 2010;182(4):349\u201355.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"3281_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815002113","volume":"144","author":"G Taylor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taylor G, Abdesselam K, Pelude L, Fernandes R, Mitchell R, McGeer A, et al. Epidemiological features of influenza in Canadian adult intensive care unit patients. Epidemiol Infect. 2016;144(4):741\u201350.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"3281_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0210353","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210353","volume":"14","author":"A Mart\u00ednez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez A, Soldevila N, Romero-Tamarit A, Torner N, Godoy P, Rius C, et al. Risk factors associated with severe outcomes in adult hospitalized patients according to influenza type and subtype. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(1):e0210353.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"3281_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201401-0066LE","volume":"189","author":"J Catania","year":"2014","unstructured":"Catania J, Que LG, Govert JA, Hollingsworth JW, Wolfe CR. High intensive care unit admission rate for 2013\u20132014 influenza is associated with a low rate of vaccination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189(4):485\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3281_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00864.x","volume":"12","author":"L Fezeu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fezeu L, Julia C, Henegar A, Bitu J, Hu FB, Grobbee DE, et al. Obesity is associated with higher risk of intensive care unit admission and death in influenza A (H1N1) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2011;12(8):653\u20139.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"3281_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.11.013","volume":"50","author":"M Beumer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beumer M, Koch R, Van Beuningen D, OudeLashof A, Van de Veerdonk F, Kolwijck E, et al. Influenza virus and factors that are associated with ICU admission, pulmonary co-infections and ICU mortality. J Crit Care. 2019;50:59\u201365.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"3281_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.06.009","volume":"13","author":"M Elhakim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elhakim M, Rasooly MH, Fahim M, Ali SS, Haddad N, Cherkaoui I, et al. Epidemiology of severe cases of influenza and other acute respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, July 2016 to June 2018. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(3):423\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"3281_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.ATM_179_18","volume":"14","author":"AM Al-Baadani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Baadani AM, Elzein FE, Alhemyadi SA, Khan OA, Albenmousa AH, Idrees MM. Characteristics and outcome of viral pneumonia caused by influenza and Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus infections: a 4-year experience from a tertiary care center. Annals Thorac Med. 2019;14(3):179.","journal-title":"Annals Thorac Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3281_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.210427.001","volume":"11","author":"A Althaqafi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Althaqafi A, Farahat F, Alsaedi A, Alshamrani M, Alsaeed MS, AlhajHussein B, et al. Molecular detection of influenza A and B viruses in four consecutive influenza seasons 2015\u201316 to 2018\u201319 in a tertiary center in Western Saudi Arabia. J Epidemiol Global Health. 2021;11(2):208.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Global Health"},{"key":"3281_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2023.11.016","volume":"10","author":"AM Assiri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Assiri AM, Alsubaie FSF, Amer SA, Almuteri NAM, Ojeil R, Dhopte PR, et al. The economic burden of viral severe acute respiratory infections in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a nationwide cost-of-illness study. IJID Reg. 2024;10:80\u20136.","journal-title":"IJID Reg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3281_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318271440b","volume":"41","author":"S Al-Qahtani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al-Qahtani S, Al-Dorzi HM, Tamim HM, Hussain S, Fong L, Taher S, et al. Impact of an intensivist-led multidisciplinary extended rapid response team on hospital-wide cardiopulmonary arrests and mortality. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(2):506\u201317.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3281_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000203947.60552.DD","volume":"34","author":"Y Arabi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arabi Y, Alshimemeri A, Taher S. Weekend and weeknight admissions have the same outcome of weekday admissions to an intensive care unit with onsite intensivist coverage. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(3):605\u201311.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3281_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2021.09.018","volume":"14","author":"HM Al-Dorzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Dorzi HM, Aldawood AS, Almatrood A, Burrows V, Naidu B, Alchin JD, et al. Managing critical care during COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of an ICU of a tertiary care hospital. J Infect Public Health. 2021;14(11):1635\u201341.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"3281_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701233360402","volume":"336","author":"M Fine","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fine M, Auble T, Yealy D, Hanusa B, Weissfeld L, Singer D, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(4):243\u201350.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3281_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.5.377","volume":"58","author":"W Lim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lim W, Van der Eerden M, Laing R, Boersma W, Karalus N, Town G, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 2003;58(5):377\u201382.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"3281_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.1","volume":"2","author":"JA Kellum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kellum JA, Lameire N, Aspelin P, Barsoum RS, Burdmann EA, Goldstein SL, et al. Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney injury work group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Supplements. 2012;2(1):1\u2013138.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Supplements"},{"key":"3281_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cobbin JC, Alfelali M, Barasheed O, Taylor J, Dwyer DE, Kok J, et al. Multiple sources of genetic diversity of influenza A viruses during the Hajj. J Virol. 2017;91(11). https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jvi.00096-17.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00096-17"},{"issue":"8","key":"3281_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1031","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30264-5","volume":"7","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Reeves RM, Wang X, Bassat Q, Brooks WA, Cohen C, et al. Global patterns in monthly activity of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus: a systematic analysis. Lancet Global Health. 2019;7(8):e1031\u201345.","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"3281_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olsen SJ. Decreased influenza activity during the covid-19 pandemic\u2014United States, Australia, Chile, and South Africa, 2020. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2020;69.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6937a6"},{"key":"3281_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.12.042","volume":"128","author":"F Bonacina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bonacina F, Bo\u00eblle P-Y, Colizza V, Lopez O, Thomas M, Poletto C. Global patterns and drivers of influenza decline during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Infect Dis. 2023;128:132\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"3281_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2909.230307","volume":"29","author":"A Lampros","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lampros A, Talla C, Diarra M, Tall B, Sagne S, Diallo MK, et al. Shifting patterns of influenza circulation during the COVID-19 pandemic, Senegal. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023;29(9):1808.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3281_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0252963","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252963","volume":"16","author":"M-C Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim M-C, Kweon OJ, Lim YK, Choi S-H, Chung J-W, Lee M-K. Impact of social distancing on the spread of common respiratory viruses during the coronavirus disease outbreak. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(6):e0252963.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7188","key":"3281_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06732","volume":"452","author":"S Cauchemez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cauchemez S, Valleron A-J, Boelle P-Y, Flahault A, Ferguson NM. Estimating the impact of school closure on influenza transmission from Sentinel data. Nature. 2008;452(7188):750\u20134.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3281_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205031212110229","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121211022973","volume":"9","author":"RF Rizvi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rizvi RF, Craig KJT, Hekmat R, Reyes F, South B, Rosario B, et al. Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions related to social distancing on respiratory viral infectious disease outcomes: a rapid evidence-based review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Med. 2021;9:20503121211022973.","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3281_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30114-2","volume":"1","author":"A Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu A, Mihaylova VT, Landry ML, Foxman EF. Interference between rhinovirus and influenza a virus: a clinical data analysis and experimental infection study. Lancet Microbe. 2020;1(6):e254\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"3281_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schultz-Cherry S. Viral interference: the case of influenza viruses. Oxford University Press; 2015. pp. 1690\u20131.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv261"},{"issue":"5","key":"3281_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182416f23","volume":"40","author":"TW Rice","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rice TW, Rubinson L, Uyeki TM, Vaughn FL, John BB, Miller RR III, et al. Critical illness from 2009 pandemic influenza a virus and bacterial coinfection in the United States. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(5):1487\u201398.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3281_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.04.008","volume":"80","author":"NS Shah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shah NS, Greenberg JA, McNulty MC, Gregg KS, Riddell IVJ, Mangino JE, et al. Bacterial and viral co-infections complicating severe influenza: incidence and impact among 507 US patients, 2013\u201314. J Clin Virol. 2016;80:12\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3281_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.96","volume":"43","author":"PS Bartley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bartley PS, Deshpande A, Yu P-C, Klompas M, Haessler SD, Imrey PB, et al. Bacterial coinfection in influenza pneumonia: Rates, pathogens, and outcomes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2022;43(2):212\u20137.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3281_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12575","volume":"12","author":"S Caini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caini S, Kroneman M, Wiegers T, El Guerche-S\u00e9blain C, Paget J. Clinical characteristics and severity of influenza infections by virus type, subtype, and lineage: a systematic literature review. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2018;12(6):780\u201392.","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"11","key":"3281_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.170","volume":"36","author":"NS Shah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shah NS, Greenberg JA, McNulty MC, Gregg KS, Riddell J, Mangino JE, et al. Severe influenza in 33 US hospitals, 2013\u20132014: complications and risk factors for death in 507 patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015;36(11):1251\u201360.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"3281_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adlhoch C, Gomes Dias J, Bonmarin I, Hubert B, Larrauri A, Oliva Dom\u00ednguez JA, et al. editors. Determinants of fatal outcome in patients admitted to intensive care units with influenza, European Union 2009\u20132017. Oxford University Press US; 2019. Open forum infectious diseases.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz462"},{"key":"3281_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2293-5","volume":"23","author":"Y-N Ni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ni Y-N, Chen G, Sun J, Liang B-M, Liang Z-A. The effect of corticosteroids on mortality of patients with influenza pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2019;23:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"3281_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19409","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019409","volume":"6","author":"N Eshima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eshima N, Tokumaru O, Hara S, Bacal K, Korematsu S, Tabata M, et al. Sex-and age-related differences in morbidity rates of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus of swine origin in Japan. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(4):e19409.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"46","key":"3281_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30066","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.46.30066","volume":"20","author":"I Bonmarin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bonmarin I, Belchior E, Bergounioux J, Brun-Buisson C, M\u00e9garbane B, Chappert JL, et al. Intensive care unit surveillance of influenza infection in France: the 2009\/10 pandemic and the three subsequent seasons. Eurosurveillance. 2015;20(46):30066.","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"3281_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.07.012","volume":"98","author":"S Jin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jin S, Li J, Cai R, Wang X, Gu Z, Yu H, et al. Age-and sex-specific excess mortality associated with influenza in Shanghai, China, 2010\u20132015. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;98:382\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3281_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv068","volume":"182","author":"X-L Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang X-L, Yang L, Chan K-H, Chan K-P, Cao P-H, Lau EH-Y, et al. Age and sex differences in rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations in Hong Kong. Am J Epidemiol. 2015;182(4):335\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"49","key":"3281_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.08.044","volume":"33","author":"J Hoffmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoffmann J, Otte A, Thiele S, Lotter H, Shu Y, Gabriel G. Sex differences in H7N9 influenza a virus pathogenesis. Vaccine. 2015;33(49):6949\u201354.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"3281_CR44","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Sex and gender differences in lung disease. Lung inflammation in Health and Disease","author":"P Silveyra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silveyra P, Fuentes N, Rodriguez Bauza DE. Sex and gender differences in lung disease. Lung inflammation in Health and Disease. Volume II: Springer; 2021. pp. 227\u201358."},{"issue":"1","key":"3281_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0811427","volume":"92","author":"SL Klein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klein SL, Hodgson A, Robinson DP. Mechanisms of sex disparities in influenza pathogenesis. J Leukoc Biol. 2012;92(1):67\u201373.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"3281_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaves SS, Nealon J, Burkart KG, Modin D, Biering-S\u00f8rensen T, Ortiz JR et al. Global, regional and national estimates of influenza-attributable ischemic heart disease mortality. EClinicalMedicine. 2023:55.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101740"},{"issue":"1","key":"3281_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00462-7","volume":"20","author":"L Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen L, Han X, Li Y, Zhang C, Xing X. The severity and risk factors for mortality in immunocompromised adult patients hospitalized with influenza-related pneumonia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2021;20(1):55.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"3281_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arranz-Herrero J, Presa J, Rius-Rocabert S, Utrero-Rico A, Arranz-Arija J\u00c1, Lalueza A et al. Determinants of poor clinical outcome in patients with influenza pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.04.003"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03281-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03281-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03281-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T18:02:43Z","timestamp":1726768963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03281-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03281-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (NRC23R\/171\/03); as the study was a retrospective with no direct contact with patients, informed consent was waived. This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki (2000) and Good Clinical Practice E6 (R2).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"464"}}