{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:24:58Z","timestamp":1793057098276,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007797","name":"University of Helsinki","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessments and estimates of prognosis are needed for comprehensive care and planning of subsequent treatment in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We investigated HRQoL and its association with survival using a disease-specific tool in patients with IPF.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The patients were recruited from the real-life FinnishIPF study in 2015. HRQoL was assessed with the King\u2019s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD) questionnaire every six months for 2.5\u00a0years. Dyspnoea was assessed with the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale. Survival was registered until 31 December 2022. Patient survival according to the K-BILD total score was evaluated using the Kaplan\u2012Meier method. The Friedman test was used to compare the K-BILD total scores longitudinally, and the Mann\u2012Whitney U test was used to compare the mMRC groups. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 were considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The median K-BILD total score (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009245) was 51.6. At baseline, patients in the highest HRQoL quartile (K-BILD scores 58.9\u2013100) had a longer median survival time (5.3\u00a0years) than did those with scores of 51.7\u201358.8 (3.1\u00a0years), 45.7\u201351.6 (2.3\u00a0years), and 0.0\u201345.6 (1.8\u00a0years). A decrease in the K-BILD total score of\u2009\u2265\u20095 units in the preceding 12 or 24\u00a0months showed a trend towards poorer survival, although statistical significance was not reached. Ninety-four patients survived more than 2.5\u00a0years and had available K-BILD data at all time points. The K-BILD total score remained higher in patients with a baseline mMRC of 0\u20131 than in those with a mMRC of 2\u20134, and the total score decreased only modestly in both groups (median of 3.3 and 4.8 units in patients with mMRC scores of 0\u20131 and 2\u20134, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In IPF, a reduced HRQoL is associated with impaired survival. A K-BILD total score less than approximately 50 units is associated with a median survival of approximately two years. In addition to assessing the treatment needs of patients with IPF using K-BILD, a decreased score may be useful for facilitating advance care planning and transplantation assessment.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03303-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T12:03:13Z","timestamp":1727697793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Health-related quality of life measured with K-BILD is associated with survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tuuli","family":"Rautajoki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi A.","family":"Rantala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Sutinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Saarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaisa","family":"Rajala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Pesonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Hollmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjukka","family":"Myll\u00e4rniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juho T.","family":"Lehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3303_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL","volume":"183","author":"G Raghu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, Martinez FJ, Behr J, Brown KK, et al. An Official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(6):788\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3303_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201506-1063ST","volume":"192","author":"G Raghu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raghu G, Rochwerg B, Zhang Y, Garcia CAC, Azuma A, Behr J, et al. An official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT clinical practice guideline: treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. An update of the 2011 clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;192(2):e3-19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201506-1063ST.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"3303_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202202-0399ST","volume":"205","author":"G Raghu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Richeldi L, Thomson CC, Inoue Y, Johkoh T, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (an Update) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis in adults: an official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(9):e18\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202202-0399ST.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3303_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Podolanczuk AJ, Thomson CC, Remy-Jardin M, Richeldi L, Martinez FJ, Kolb M, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: state of the art for 2023. Eur Respir J. 2023;61(4):2200957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00957-2022.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00957-2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"3303_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00170","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00170-2018","volume":"5","author":"J Kaunisto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaunisto J, Salomaa ER, Hodgson U, Kaarteenaho R, Kankaanranta H, Koli K, et al. Demographics and survival of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the FinnishIPF registry. ERJ Open Res. 2019;5(3):00170\u20132018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00170-2018.","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"3303_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70101-8","volume":"2","author":"G Raghu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raghu G, Chen S-Y, Yeh W-S, Maroni B, Li Q, Lee Y-C, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older: incidence, prevalence, and survival, 2001\u201311. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(7):566\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70101-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"3303_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402582","volume":"370","author":"TE King Jr","year":"2014","unstructured":"King TE Jr, Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S, Fagan EA, Glaspole I, Glassberg MK, et al. A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(22):2083\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1402582.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"3303_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402584","volume":"370","author":"L Richeldi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Richeldi L, du Bois RM, Raghu G, Azuma A, Brown KK, Costabel U, et al. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(22):2071\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1402584.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"153","key":"3303_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0044-2019","volume":"28","author":"A Caminati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caminati A, Lonati C, Cassandro R, Elia D, Pelosi G, Torre O, et al. Comorbidities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an underestimated issue. Eur Respir Rev. 2019;28(153): 190044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0044-2019.","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"3303_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151425","volume":"11","author":"M Kreuter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kreuter M, Ehlers-Tenenbaum S, Palmowski K, Bruhwyler J, Oltmanns U, Muley T, et al. Impact of comorbidities on mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(3): e0151425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0151425.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"3303_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30502-2","volume":"7","author":"PM George","year":"2019","unstructured":"George PM, Patterson CM, Reed AK, Thillai M. Lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(3):271\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30502-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3303_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.1.284","volume":"127","author":"JJ Swigris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Swigris JJ, Gould MK, Wilson SR. Health-related quality of life among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest. 2005;127(1):284\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.127.1.284.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10","key":"3303_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2022.0548","volume":"26","author":"T Rautajoki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rautajoki T, Lehto JT, Sutinen E, Bergman P, Sintonen H, Rajala K, et al. Dyspnea associates with a widely impaired quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients: a longitudinal study using 15D. J Palliat Med. 2023;26(10):1357\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jpm.2022.0548.","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"issue":"158","key":"3303_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200154","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0154-2020","volume":"29","author":"IA Cox","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cox IA, Arriagada NB, De Graaff B, Corte TJ, Glaspole I, Lartey S, et al. Health-related quality of life of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2020;29(158):200154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0154-2020.","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"3303_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-201581","volume":"67","author":"AS Patel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patel AS, Siegert RJ, Brignall K, Gordon P, Steer S, Desai SR, et al. The development and validation of the King\u2019s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD) health status questionnaire. Thorax. 2012;67(9):804\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-201581.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"3303_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-015-0074-3","volume":"15","author":"J Kaunisto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaunisto J, Kelloniemi K, Sutinen E, Hodgson U, Piilonen A, Kaarteenaho R, et al. Re-evaluation of diagnostic parameters is crucial for obtaining accurate data on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med. 2015;15:92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-015-0074-3.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3303_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0738-x","volume":"18","author":"K Rajala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rajala K, Lehto JT, Sutinen E, Kautiainen H, Myll\u00e4rniemi M, Saarto T. Marked deterioration in the quality of life of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis during the last two years of life. BMC Pulm Med. 2018;18(1):172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-018-0738-x.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3303_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00084","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00084-2017","volume":"3","author":"K Rajala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rajala K, Lehto JT, Sutinen E, Kautiainen H, Myll\u00e4rniemi M, Saarto T. mMRC dyspnoea scale indicates impaired quality of life and increased pain in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ERJ Open Res. 2017;3(4):00084\u20132017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00084-2017.","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3303_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00347","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00347-2020","volume":"6","author":"S Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4 S, Rajala K, Lehto JT, Sutinen E, M\u00e4kitalo L, Kautiainen H, et al. Factor analysis identifies three separate symptom clusters in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ERJ Open Res. 2020;6(4):00347\u20132020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00347-2020.","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3303_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2018-000363","volume":"6","author":"A Sinha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sinha A, Patel AS, Siegert RJ, Bajwah S, Maher TM, Renzoni EA, et al. The King\u2019s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (KBILD) questionnaire: an updated minimal clinically important difference. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2019;6(1): e000363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2018-000363.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3303_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.3.580","volume":"93","author":"DA Mahler","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mahler DA, Wells CK. Evaluation of clinical methods for rating dyspnea. Chest. 1988;93(3):580\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.93.3.580.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"7","key":"3303_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.7.581","volume":"54","author":"JC Bestall","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bestall JC, Paul EA, Garrod R, Garnham R, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 1999;54(7):581\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.54.7.581.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"12","key":"3303_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4713","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-22-906","volume":"14","author":"G Phua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Phua G, Tan GP, Phua HP, Lim WY, Neo HY, Chai GT. Health-related quality of life in a multiracial Asian interstitial lung disease cohort. J Thorac Dis. 2022;14(12):4713\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jtd-22-906.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3303_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0621-y","volume":"18","author":"M Kreuter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kreuter M, Swigris J, Pittrow D, Geier S, Klotsche J, Prasse A, et al. Health related quality of life in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in clinical practice: insights-IPF registry. Respir Res. 2017;18(1):139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-017-0621-y.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"3303_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00029","volume":"7","author":"A Tzouvelekis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tzouvelekis A, Karampitsakos T, Kourtidou S, Bouros E, Tzilas V, Katsaras M, et al. Impact of depression on patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7(7): 29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.00029.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3303_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01359-3","volume":"21","author":"TS Prior","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prior TS, Hoyer N, Hilberg O, Shaker SB, Davidsen JR, Bendstrup E. Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference of SGRQ-I and K-BILD in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-020-01359-3.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3303_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972316674425","volume":"14","author":"M Wapenaar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wapenaar M, Patel AS, Birring SS, van Domburg RT, Bakker EWP, Vindigni V, et al. Translation and validation of the King\u2019s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD) questionnaire in French, Italian, Swedish, and Dutch. Chron Respir Dis. 2017;14(2):140\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1479972316674425.","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"key":"3303_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14799731211033925","volume":"18","author":"JW Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim JW, Clark A, Birring SS, Atkins C, Whyte M, Wilson AM. Psychometric properties of patient reported outcome measures in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chron Respir Dis. 2021;18: 14799731211033925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14799731211033925.","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3303_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0503-3","volume":"18","author":"T Furukawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Furukawa T, Taniguchi H, Ando M, Kondoh Y, Kataoka K, Nishiyama O, et al. The St. George\u2019s respiratory questionnaire as a prognostic factor in IPF. Respir Res. 2017;18(1):18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-017-0503-3.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3303_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1020-3","volume":"20","author":"M Kreuter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kreuter M, Swigris J, Pittrow D, Geier S, Klotsche J, Prasse A, et al. The clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and its association to quality of life over time: longitudinal data from the INSIGHTS-IPF registry. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-019-1020-3.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3303_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12989","volume":"22","author":"IN Glaspole","year":"2017","unstructured":"Glaspole IN, Chapman SA, Cooper WA, Ellis SJ, Goh NS, Hopkins PM, et al. Health-related quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: data from the Australian IPF Registry. Respirology. 2017;22(5):950\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.12989.","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3303_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101790","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01790-2021","volume":"59","author":"SS Birring","year":"2022","unstructured":"Birring SS, Bushnell DM, Baldwin M, Mueller H, Male N, Rohr KB, et al. The psychometric properties of the King\u2019s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease questionnaire and thresholds for meaningful treatment response in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir J. 2022;59(6):2101790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01790-2021.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03303-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03303-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03303-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T12:03:20Z","timestamp":1727697800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03303-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-024-03303-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Helsinki University Hospital medical ethical committee approved the research (Dnro HUS 381\/13\/03\/01\/14 28.1.2015). All study participants provided a written informed consent. Patient record screening in hospitals was approved by the Finnish National Institute for Health and Welfare (Dnro THL\/568\/5.05.00\/2020 18.3.2020).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"MH reports lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, and MSD.\u00a0 The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"480"}}