{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T04:53:58Z","timestamp":1793854438841,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Technologies R&D Program","award":["2023AB22055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AB22055"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Technologies R&D Program","award":["2023AB22055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AB22055"]}]},{"name":"Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project","award":["2023ZYZX1021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZYZX1021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-025-03566-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T03:31:49Z","timestamp":1740627109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical characteristics of acquired anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies in patients infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hanlin","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqiao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiling","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limei","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengtao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiangxiu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongming","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3566_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falkinham JO. 3rd. Ecology of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. Microorganisms. 2021;9(11):2262.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9112262"},{"issue":"8","key":"3566_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1086\/323126","volume":"33","author":"MS Phillips","year":"2001","unstructured":"Phillips MS, von Reyn CF. Nosocomial Infections Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33(8):1363\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.10.002","volume":"36","author":"DR Prevots","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prevots DR, Marras TK. Epidemiology of human pulmonary infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a review. Clin Chest Med. 2015;36(1):13\u201334.","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3566_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082541","volume":"9","author":"K To","year":"2020","unstructured":"To K, Cao R, Yegiazaryan A, Owens J, Venketaraman V. General Overview of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Opportunistic Pathogens: Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium abscessus. J Clin Med. 2020;9(8):2541.","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"3566_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1111160","volume":"367","author":"SK Browne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Browne SK, Burbelo PD, Chetchotisakd P, Suputtamongkol Y, Kiertiburanakul S, Shaw PA, Kirk JL, Jutivorakool K, Zaman R, Ding L, et al. Adult-Onset Immunodeficiency in Thailand and Taiwan. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(8):725\u201334.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6693","key":"3566_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadl2016","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl2016","volume":"384","author":"JL Casanova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Casanova JL, MacMicking JD, Nathan CF. Interferon-\u03b3 and infectious diseases: Lessons and prospects. Science. 2024;384(6693):eadl2016.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"7","key":"3566_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-023-01537-0","volume":"43","author":"B Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang B, Fan J, Huang C, Fan H, Chen J, Huang X, Zeng X. Characteristics and Outcomes of Anti-interferon Gamma Antibody-Associated Adult Onset Immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol. 2023;43(7):1660\u201370.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3566_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03646","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03646-23","volume":"12","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiu Y, Li Z-T, Zeng W, Yang J-L, Tang M-X, Wang Y, Wang H-R, Li Y, Zhan Y-Q, Li S-Q, et al. Th1 cell immune response in Talaromyces marneffei infection with anti-interferon-\u03b3 autoantibody syndrome. Microbiology Spectrum. 2024;12(5):e03646-e3623.","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectrum"},{"issue":"9","key":"3566_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20212126","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20212126","volume":"219","author":"HP Shih","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shih HP, Ding JY, SotolongoBell\u00f3n J, Lo YF, Chung PH, Ting HT, Peng JJ, Wu TY, Lin CH, Lo CC, et al. Pathogenic autoantibodies to IFN-\u03b3 act through the impedance of receptor assembly and Fc-mediated response. J Exp Med. 2022;219(9):e20212126.","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09003-x","volume":"24","author":"Y Ning","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ning Y, Yu Q, Liang H, Wu S, Liang S, Liang X, He Z. Multiple intracellular pathogen infections with ocular pathologies associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-\u03b3 autoantibodies: a case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24(1):78.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz786","volume":"71","author":"GH Hong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hong GH, Ortega-Villa AM, Hunsberger S, Chetchotisakd P, Anunnatsiri S, Mootsikapun P, Rosen LB, Zerbe CS, Holland SM. Natural History and Evolution of Anti-Interferon-\u03b3 Autoantibody-Associated Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Thailand and the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;71(1):53\u201362.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"3566_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-08-452482","volume":"121","author":"CY Chi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chi CY, Chu CC, Liu JP, Lin CH, Ho MW, Lo WJ, Lin PC, Chen HJ, Chou CH, Feng JY, et al. Anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies in adults with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are associated with HLA-DRB1*16:02 and HLA-DQB1*05:02 and the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus infection. Blood. 2013;121(8):1357\u201366.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"3566_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.09.018","volume":"137","author":"CL Ku","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ku CL, Lin CH, Chang SW, Chu CC, Chan JF, Kong XF, Lee CH, Rosen EA, Ding JY, Lee WI, et al. Anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies are strongly associated with HLA-DR*15:02\/16:02 and HLA-DQ*05:01\/05:02 across Southeast Asia. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(3):945-948.e948.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3566_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa241","volume":"71","author":"CL Daley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daley CL, Iaccarino JM, Lange C, Cambau E, Wallace RJ Jr, Andrejak C, B\u00f6ttger EC, Brozek J, Griffith DE, Guglielmetti L, et al. Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: An Official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(4):e1\u201336.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2396887","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2396887","volume":"13","author":"S Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang S, Liang H, Huang X, Liang X, Chen N, Xiao R, Luo Z, Chen Q, Zhong X, Deng J, et al. Clinical immunological characteristics of anti-interferon-\u03b3 autoantibodies syndrome: a 3 year prospective cohort study. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2024;13(1):2396887.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"3566_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0215581","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215581","volume":"14","author":"N Angkasekwinai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Angkasekwinai N, Suputtamongkol Y, Phoompoung P, Pithukpakorn M, Wongswat E, Umrod P, Tongsai S, Foongladda S. Clinical outcome and laboratory markers for predicting disease activity in patients with disseminated opportunistic infections associated with anti-interferon-\u03b3 autoantibodies. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(4):e0215581.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3566_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01055","volume":"9","author":"Y Alwarawrah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alwarawrah Y, Kiernan K, MacIver NJ. Changes in Nutritional Status Impact Immune Cell Metabolism and Function. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1055.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3566_CR18","first-page":"437231","volume":"2014","author":"A Vojdani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vojdani A. A Potential Link between Environmental Triggers and Autoimmunity. Autoimmune Dis. 2014;2014:437231.","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"3566_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.06.014","volume":"164","author":"MR Loebinger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Loebinger MR, Quint JK, van der Laan R, Obradovic M, Chawla R, Kishore A, van Ingen J. Risk Factors for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Chest. 2023;164(5):1115\u201324.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06917-8","volume":"21","author":"H Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yin H, Gu X, Wang Y, Fan G, Lu B, Liu M, Wang C, Cao B, Wang C. Clinical characteristics of patients with bronchiectasis with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in Mainland China: a single center cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1216.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"36","key":"3566_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21738","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021738","volume":"99","author":"XN Liang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liang XN, Bin YF, Lai GT, Li YH, Zhang JQ, Zhong XN, Bai J, Li MH, Deng JM, He ZY. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection and reactive dermatosis associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(36):e21738.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"8","key":"3566_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2959","volume":"98","author":"K Jutivorakool","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jutivorakool K, Sittiwattanawong P, Kantikosum K, Hurst CP, Kumtornrut C, Asawanonda P, Klaewsongkram J, Rerknimitr P. Skin Manifestations in Patients with Adult-onset Immunodeficiency due to Anti-interferon-gamma Autoantibody: A Relationship with Systemic Infections. Acta Derm Venereol. 2018;98(8):742\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3566_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(02)00044-8","volume":"13","author":"DA Chesler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chesler DA, Reiss CS. The role of IFN-\u03b3 in immune responses to viral infections of the central nervous system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2002;13(6):441\u201354.","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"3566_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946202264064","volume":"64","author":"PAS Cordeiro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cordeiro PAS, Assone T, Prates G, Tedeschi MRM, Fonseca LAM, Casseb J. The role of IFN-\u03b3 production during retroviral infections: an important cytokine involved in chronic inflammation and pathogenesis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2022;64:e64.","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"3566_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051673","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1051673","volume":"13","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qiu Y, Fang G, Ye F, Zeng W, Tang M, Wei X, Yang J, Li Z, Zhang J. Pathogen spectrum and immunotherapy in patients with anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies: A multicenter retrospective study and systematic review. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1051673.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3566_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.10.026","volume":"116","author":"BT Kelly","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kelly BT, Grayson MH. Immunoglobulin E, what is it good for? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;116(3):183\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"3566_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090720","volume":"24","author":"ME Rothenberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rothenberg ME, Hogan SP. The eosinophil. Annu Rev Immunol. 2006;24:147\u201374.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"3566_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.021","volume":"100","author":"A Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang A, Leng Y, Zhang Y, Wu K, Ji Y, Lei S, Xia Z. Meta-analysis of coagulation parameters associated with disease severity and poor prognosis of COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;100:441\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-022-00722-x","volume":"18","author":"S Boyle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boyle S, Hagiya A, Nguyen MH, Liebman H, Lee JSG. The unique diagnostic and management challenge of a patient with concomitant anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody associated immunodeficiency syndrome, IgG4-related disease, and treatment refractory, disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2022;18(1):82.","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3566_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1086\/380453","volume":"38","author":"R D\u00f6ffinger","year":"2004","unstructured":"D\u00f6ffinger R, Helbert MR, Barcenas-Morales G, Yang K, Dupuis S, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Espitia-Pinzon C, Barnes N, Bothamley G, Casanova JL, et al. Autoantibodies to interferon-gamma in a patient with selective susceptibility to mycobacterial infection and organ-specific autoimmunity. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38(1):e10-14.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3566_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofaa035","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa035","volume":"7","author":"W Laisuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laisuan W, Pisitkun P, Ngamjanyaporn P, Suangtamai T, Rotjanapan P. Prospective Pilot Study of Cyclophosphamide as an Adjunct Treatment in Patients With Adult-Onset Immunodeficiency Associated With Anti-interferon-\u03b3 Autoantibodies. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(2):ofaa035.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis."}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-025-03566-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-025-03566-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-025-03566-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T03:31:57Z","timestamp":1740627117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12890-025-03566-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-025-03566-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (IRB Protocol Number: 2022-KT-Guike-127) and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"95"}}