{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:39:48Z","timestamp":1787319588541,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies have demonstrated the positive effects of long-term inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on inspiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function. However, the benefits of IMT with aerobic exercise (IMT\u2009+\u2009AE) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) remain unclear. This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the impact of the early, 6-week, moderate-intensity interval IMT\u2009+\u2009AE on pulmonary function, functional capacity, and respiratory muscle strength in patients with MG post-hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with Discharged MG were randomly assigned to either a control group receiving standard medical management or an intervention group undergoing six-week IMT\u2009+\u2009AE program. Respiratory status was evaluated using the maximum inspiratory\/expiratory pressure (MIP\/MEP) and pulmonary function tests. Modified Borg dyspnea scores and a six-minute walk test for functional capacity were also employed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty-four participants were assigned to either the control (six\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200928) or IMT\u2009+\u2009AE groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926). At 6 weeks, the IMT\u2009+\u2009AE group showed significant improvements across all parameters, while the control group only showed notable differences in the modified Borg scale scores and walking distance. MIP improvements were 33.8\u2009\u00b1\u200936.1 cmH\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O in IMT and 22.1\u2009\u00b1\u200925.8 cmH\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O in control groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.18). The IMT\u2009+\u2009AE group improvements were more substantial in MEP, modified Borg scale, and 6-minute walk distance, in addition to forced vital capacity (FVC) and FVC % of prediction (0.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24\u00a0L and 6.17\u2009\u00b1\u20096.01%, respectively), while the control group showed decreased volumes (-0.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.30\u00a0L and \u2212\u20091.79\u2009\u00b1\u20099.69%, respectively). FVC improvement was significant with IMT\u2009+\u2009AE (0.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24\u00a0L) vs. reduction in the control group (-0.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0L;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementing six-week moderate-intensity interval IMT\u2009+\u2009AE effectively enhanced respiratory muscle strength, alleviated dyspnea, improved physical capacity, and increased FVC in patients with MG following hospitalization after discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was registered in The Clinical Trials Clinical Trial (NCT06624345||\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ) on October 12, 2024 (retrospectively registered).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-025-03733-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T04:37:00Z","timestamp":1748320620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Inspiratory muscle training and aerobic exercise for respiratory muscle strength in myasthenia gravis post-hospitalization- a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Chia-Ling","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien-Pei","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Mao","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Chin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ling","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui-Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3733_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3682-x","volume":"40","author":"L Maggi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maggi L, Bernasconi P, D\u2019Amico A, et al. 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