{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T16:03:17Z","timestamp":1774022597643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Three-year Action Plan Project for Strengthening the Construction of the Public Health System in Xuhui District","award":["2023-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-2025"]}]},{"name":"the Development Plan Project of Gusu Science and Technology","award":["SKY2023025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKY2023025"]}]},{"name":"the Medical Research Project of Xuhui District","award":["SHXH202040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHXH202040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-026-04159-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:02:14Z","timestamp":1770973334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic effects of oxygen inhalation for obstructive sleep apnea patients with high carotid body chemosensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hai Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie Qiong","family":"Ping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia Yu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie Yun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang Yu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"4159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","volume":"7","author":"AV Benjafield","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benjafield AV, Ayas NT, Eastwood PR, Heinzer R, Ip MSM, Morrell MJ, et al. Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(8):687\u201398.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"4159_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S124657","volume":"10","author":"AM Osman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Osman AM, Carter SG, Carberry JC, Eckert DJ. Obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives. Nat Sci Sleep. 2018;10:21\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"4159_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.12.003","volume":"37","author":"DJ Eckert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eckert DJ. Phenotypic approaches to obstructive sleep apnoea - new pathways for targeted therapy. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;37:45\u201359.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"4159_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00896","volume":"9","author":"N Deacon-Diaz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deacon-Diaz N, Malhotra A. Inherent vs. induced loop gain abnormalities in obstructive sleep apnea. Front Neurol. 2018;9:896.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"18","key":"4159_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4225","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270114","volume":"593","author":"CA Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith CA, Blain GM, Henderson KS, Dempsey JA. Peripheral chemoreceptors determine the respiratory sensitivity of central chemoreceptors to CO2: role of carotid body CO2. J Physiol. 2015;593(18):4225\u201343.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4159_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-011-0900-5","volume":"137","author":"SY Lam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lam SY, Liu Y, Ng KM, Lau CF, Liong EC, Tipoe GL, et al. Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces local inflammation of the rat carotid body via functional upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine pathways. Histochem Cell Biol. 2012;137(3):303\u201317.","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"24","key":"4159_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5481","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284111","volume":"601","author":"NR Prabhakar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prabhakar NR, Peng YJ, Nanduri J. Carotid body hypersensitivity in intermittent hypoxia and obtructive sleep apnoea. J Physiol. 2023;601(24):5481\u201394.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4159_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1113\/EP090090","volume":"108","author":"P Thakkar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thakkar P, Pauza AG, Murphy D. Carotid body: an emerging target for cardiometabolic co-morbidities. Exp Physiol. 2023;108(5):661\u201371.","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4159_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27497","volume":"5","author":"LJ Epstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Epstein LJ, Kristo D, Strollo PJ Jr, Friedman N, Malhotra A, Patil SP, et al. Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. J Clin Sleep Med. 2009;5(3):263\u201376.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4159_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-119MG","volume":"5","author":"TE Weaver","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weaver TE, Grunstein RR. Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure therapy: the challenge to effective treatment. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5(2):173\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"4159_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606599","volume":"375","author":"RD McEvoy","year":"2016","unstructured":"McEvoy RD, Antic NA, Heeley E, Luo Y, Ou Q, Zhang X, et al. CPAP for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(10):919\u201331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4159_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.06.010","volume":"152","author":"D Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu D, Armitstead J, Benjafield A, Shao S, Malhotra A, Cistulli PA, et al. Trajectories of Emergent Central Sleep Apnea During CPAP Therapy. Chest. 2017;152(4):751\u201360.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"4159_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.185761","volume":"11","author":"G Nigam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nigam G, Pathak C, Riaz M. A systematic review on prevalence and risk factors associated with treatment- emergent central sleep apnea. Ann Thorac Med. 2016;11(3):202\u201310.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"4159_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0185201","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185201","volume":"12","author":"JH Choi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Choi JH, Lee JY, Cha J, Kim K, Hong SN, Lee SH. Predictive models of objective oropharyngeal OSA surgery outcomes: success rate and AHI reduction ratio. PLoS One. 2017;12(9):e0185201.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"4159_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.10.006","volume":"45","author":"MW Noller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Noller MW, Guilleminault C, Gouveia CJ, Mack D, Vivian C, Abdullatif J, et al. Mandibular advancement for adult obstructive sleep apnea: a\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2017;45(12):2035\u201340.","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"4159_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2019.2435","volume":"145","author":"JY Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim JY, Ko I, Kim DK. Association of obstructive sleep apnea with the risk of affective disorders. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;145(11):1020\u20136.","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"4159_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000623","volume":"25","author":"F Ralls","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ralls F, Cutchen L. A contemporary review of obstructive sleep apnea. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2019;25(6):578\u201393.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"4159_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201604-235PS","volume":"13","author":"AI Pack","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pack AI. Application of personalized, predictive, preventative, and participatory (P4) medicine to obstructive sleep apnea. A roadmap for improving care? Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016;13(9):1456\u201367.","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"4159_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S299646","volume":"13","author":"HP Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li HP, Wang HQ, Li N, Zhang L, Li SQ, Yan YR, et al. Model for identifying high carotid body chemosensitivity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Nat Sci Sleep. 2021;13:493\u2013501.","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"6","key":"4159_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","volume":"14","author":"MW Johns","year":"1991","unstructured":"Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14(6):540\u20135.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"4159_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.11.010","volume":"38","author":"EF Lucking","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lucking EF, O\u2019Connor KM, Strain CR, Fouhy F, Bastiaanssen TFS, Burns DP, et al. Chronic intermittent hypoxia disrupts cardiorespiratory homeostasis and gut microbiota composition in adult male guinea-pigs. EBioMedicine. 2018;38:191\u2013205.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"4159_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.05.019","volume":"162","author":"A Wellman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wellman A, Malhotra A, Jordan AS, Stevenson KE, Gautam S, White DP. Effect of oxygen in obstructive sleep apnea: role of loop gain. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2008;162(2):144\u201351.","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4159_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00820.2003","volume":"96","author":"YJ Peng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peng YJ, Prabhakar NR. Effect of two paradigms of chronic intermittent hypoxia on carotid body sensory activity. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004;96(3):1236\u201342 discussion 196.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)."},{"issue":"5","key":"4159_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.223925","volume":"590","author":"BA Edwards","year":"2012","unstructured":"Edwards BA, Sands SA, Eckert DJ, White DP, Butler JP, Owens RL, et al. Acetazolamide improves loop gain but not the other physiological traits causing obstructive sleep apnoea. J Physiol. 2012;590(5):1199\u2013211.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4159_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00121.2017","volume":"50","author":"SV Conde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Conde SV, Sacramento JF, Guarino MP. Carotid body: a metabolic sensor implicated in insulin resistance. Physiol Genomics. 2018;50(3):208\u201314.","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4159_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4133-y","volume":"60","author":"JF Sacramento","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sacramento JF, Ribeiro MJ, Rodrigues T, Olea E, Melo BF, Guarino MP, et al. Functional abolition of carotid body activity restores insulin action and glucose homeostasis in rats: key roles for visceral adipose tissue and the liver. Diabetologia. 2017;60(1):158\u201368.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"441","key":"4159_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ra80","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aaf3204","volume":"9","author":"G Yuan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yuan G, Peng YJ, Khan SA, Nanduri J, Singh A, Vasavda C, et al. H2S production by reactive oxygen species in the carotid body triggers hypertension in a rodent model of sleep apnea. Sci Signal. 2016;9(441):ra80.","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"issue":"2","key":"4159_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-018-2807-0","volume":"372","author":"NR Prabhakar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prabhakar NR, Peng YJ, Yuan G, Nanduri J. Reactive oxygen radicals and gaseous transmitters in carotid body activation by intermittent hypoxia. Cell Tissue Res. 2018;372(2):427\u201331.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4159_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00275.2020","volume":"129","author":"HW Hess","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hess HW, Hostler D, Clemency BM, Johnson BD. Carotid body chemosensitivity at 1.6 ATA breathing air versus 100% oxygen. J Appl Physiol. 2020;129(2):247\u201356.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4159_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1113\/EP090090","volume":"108","author":"P Thakkar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thakkar P, Pauza AG, Murphy D, Paton JFR. Carotid body: an emerging target for cardiometabolic co-morbidities. Exp Physiol. 2023;108(5):661\u201371.","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"4159_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-44757-0_8","volume":"237","author":"NE Lazarov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lazarov NE, Atanasova DY. Carotid body dysfunction and mechanisms of disease. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 2023;237:123\u201338.","journal-title":"Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol"},{"key":"4159_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qin H, Keenan BT, Mazzotti DR, Vaquerizo-Villar F, Kraemer JF, Wessel N, et al. Heart rate variability during wakefulness as a marker of obstructive sleep apnea severity. Sleep. 2021;44(5):zsab018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsab018.","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab018"},{"issue":"4","key":"4159_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4586","volume":"38","author":"ND Niemeijer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Niemeijer ND, Corssmit EP, Reijntjes RH, Lammers GJ, van Dijk JG, Thijs RD. Sleep-mediated heart rate variability after bilateral carotid body tumor resection. Sleep. 2015;38(4):633\u20139.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"24","key":"4159_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5495","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284112","volume":"601","author":"R Iturriaga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iturriaga R. Carotid body contribution to the physio-pathological consequences of intermittent hypoxia: role of nitro-oxidative stress and inflammation. J Physiol. 2023;601(24):5495\u2013507.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4159_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13274","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13274","volume":"30","author":"S Ucak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ucak S, Dissanayake HU, Sutherland K, de Chazal P, Cistulli PA. Heart rate variability and obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives and novel technologies. J Sleep Res. 2021;30(4):e13274.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04159-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04159-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04159-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T15:08:39Z","timestamp":1774019319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04159-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04159-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Shanghai Ethics Committee for Clinical Research (SECCR\/2022\u201317-01) and was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"128"}}