{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T01:15:13Z","timestamp":1783473313464,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Suzhou Clinical Key Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Special Project","award":["LCZX202305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCZX202305"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-026-04309-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T05:35:47Z","timestamp":1778650547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of risk factors and development of a predictive model for early renal impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Zhong","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen-Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie-Rui","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-Hua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4309_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.07.002","volume":"34","author":"CV Senaratna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Senaratna CV, Perret JL, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Campbell BE, Matheson MC, Hamilton GS, Dharmage SC. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2017;34:70\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.07.002.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4309_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4806.22.08190-3","volume":"114","author":"P Tondo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tondo P, Fanfulla F, Sabato R, Scioscia G, Foschino Barbaro MP, Lacedonia D. Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome: state of the art. Minerva Med. 2023;114(1):74\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0026-4806.22.08190-3.","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"issue":"10225","key":"4309_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32977-0","volume":"395","author":"P Cockwell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cockwell P, Fisher LA. The global burden of chronic kidney disease. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):662\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32977-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"4309_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.6817","volume":"183","author":"L Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang L, Xu X, Zhang M, Hu C, Zhang X, Li C, Nie S, Huang Z, Zhao Z, Hou FF, Zhou M. Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in China: Results From the Sixth China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance. JAMA Intern Med. 2023;183(4):298\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.6817.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"4309_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5553","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284166","volume":"601","author":"C Arnaud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arnaud C, Billoir E, de Melo Junior AF, Pereira SA, O\u2019Halloran KD, Monteiro EC. Chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiovascular and renal dysfunction: from adaptation to maladaptation. J Physiol. 2023;601(24):5553\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP284166.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"4309_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5299","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280716","volume":"598","author":"SN Heyman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heyman SN, Bursztyn M, Abassi Z. Low-salt diet and renal safety: taken with a pinch of salt. J Physiol. 2020;598(23):5299\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP280716.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4309_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9404","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26784","volume":"233","author":"X Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu X, Chang SC, Jin J, Gu W, Li S. NLRP3 inflammasome mediates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced renal injury implication of the microRNA-155\/FOXO3a signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(12):9404\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.26784.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4309_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5675","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85023-w","volume":"11","author":"E Zamarr\u00f3n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zamarr\u00f3n E, Jaureguizar A, Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez A, D\u00edaz-Cambriles T, Alonso-Fern\u00e1ndez A, Lores V, Mediano O, Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez P, Cabello-Pelegr\u00edn S, Morales-Ru\u00edz E, Ram\u00edrez-Prieto MT, Valiente-D\u00edaz MI, G\u00f3mez-Garc\u00eda T, Garc\u00eda-R\u00edo F. Spanish Sleep Network. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with impaired renal function in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):5675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-85023-w.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"4309_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0434-9","volume":"44","author":"RR Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez RR, Gonz\u00e1lez-Bulnes A, Garcia-Contreras C, Elena Rodriguez-Rodriguez A, Astiz S, Vazquez-Gomez M, Luis Pesantez J, Isabel B, Salido-Ruiz E, Gonz\u00e1lez J, Donate Correa J, Luis-Lima S, Porrini E. The Iberian pig fed with high-fat diet: a model of renal disease in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes (Lond). 2020;44(2):457\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-019-0434-9.","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4309_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.243","volume":"84","author":"KM Andrassy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andrassy KM. Comments on \u2018KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease\u2019. Kidney Int. 2013;84(3):622\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2013.243.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"4309_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae035","volume":"115","author":"Y Guan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guan Y, Wei X, Li J, Zhu Y, Luo P, Luo M. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: recent advances in inflammatory mechanisms and related treatments. J Leukoc Biol. 2024;115(5):819\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae035.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4309_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-00779-5","volume":"45","author":"Y Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan Y, Zheng W, Ma Q, Chu C, Hu J, Wang K, Liao Y, Chen C, Yuan Y, Lv Y, Xu X, Wang Y, Mu J. Child-to-adult body mass index trajectories and the risk of subclinical renal damage in middle age. Int J Obes (Lond). 2021;45(5):1095\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-021-00779-5.","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4309_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.05.008","volume":"79","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J, Niratharakumar K, Gokhale K, Tahrani AA, Taverner T, Thomas GN, Dasgupta I. Obesity Without Metabolic Abnormality and Incident CKD: A Population-Based British Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022;79(1):24\u2013e351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.05.008.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4309_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2020.03.21","volume":"9","author":"M Hui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hui M, Li Y, Ye J, Zhuang Z, Wang W. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) comorbid with diabetes rather than OSAHS alone serves an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Ann Palliat Med. 2020;9(3):858\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/apm.2020.03.21.","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4309_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-020-02090-5","volume":"25","author":"T Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu T, Zhan Y, Wang Y, Li Q, Mao H. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and risk of renal impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Sleep Breath. 2021;25(1):17\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-020-02090-5.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"9","key":"4309_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14754","volume":"29","author":"X Hui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hui X, Cao W, Xu Z, Guo J, Luo J, Xiao Y. Hypoxic indices for obstructive sleep apnoea severity and cardiovascular disease risk prediction: A comparison and application in a community population. Respirology. 2024;29(9):825\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.14754.","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"4","key":"4309_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-019-0639-x","volume":"10","author":"W Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu W, Wang X, Ni Y, Huai D, Hao H, Li Q, Liu Z, Wen S, Cheng L, Hu W. Association of OSAHS Hypoxia Indicators with Early Renal Injury and Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Diabetes Ther. 2019;10(4):1357\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-019-0639-x.","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"4309_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3390\/life11040362","volume":"11","author":"MM Imani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Imani MM, Sadeghi M, Farokhzadeh F, Khazaie H, Brand S, D\u00fcrsteler KM, Br\u00fchl A, Sadeghi-Bahmani D. Evaluation of Blood Levels of C-Reactive Protein Marker in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Life (Basel). 2021;11(4):362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life11040362.","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"4309_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-024-03044-x","volume":"28","author":"FJ Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen FJ, Zhou RK, Qiu DQ, Li L. The effect of PAP on UACR and metabolic indexes in patients with MS and OSAHS. Sleep Breath. 2024;28(4):1635\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-024-03044-x.","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"1","key":"4309_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2019.1688865","volume":"25","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang X, Lin X, Xie B, Huang R, Yan Y, Liu S, Zhu M, Lu R, Qian J, Ni Z, Xue S, Che M. Early serum cystatin C-enhanced risk prediction for acute kidney injury post cardiac surgery: a prospective, observational, cohort study. Biomarkers. 2020;25(1):20\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1354750X.2019.1688865.","journal-title":"Biomarkers"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04309-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04309-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04309-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:45:49Z","timestamp":1783471549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04309-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04309-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted with approval from the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (Approval Number: 2025582). This study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"301"}}