{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:59:23Z","timestamp":1785113963810,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"UKRI Strength in Places Fund","award":["SIPF00007\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIPF00007\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) significantly impacts patients' quality of life and healthcare systems, especially among socio-economically deprived populations. Hospitalisations due to COPD exacerbations are critical events, often indicating declining health and higher mortality risk. This study examines the incidence and outcomes of COPD hospitalisations in National Health Service (NHS) Greater Glasgow and Clyde from 2015 to 2022, with a focus on socio-economic inequalities and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalisation trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected hospital episode data, linked to mortality records, for a population of 1.2 million. Incident COPD hospitalisations were identified via International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10) codes, with no prior hospital admission in the preceding three years. Recurrent hospitalisations were those occurring within 3\u00a0years of the discharge of an incident event. We employed negative binomial regression to analyse hospital admission rates and Cox regression for time to recurrent hospitalisation and mortality outcomes, adjusting for demographic and comorbidity factors and testing for interactions with socio-economic status. Before getting the study sample, data linkage was done by the oGRE analyst team.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2015\u20132022, 8,852 incident COPD hospitalisations were recorded. The mean patient age was 70\u00a0years, and 61% were female. Incident hospitalisation rates declined by 13\u201348% from 2017 onwards. Mortality following incident hospital admission increased post-2020 (HR for 2022 vs. 2015\u2009=\u20091.42, 95% CI 1.19\u20131.71). Recurrent hospitalisation rates declined significantly over the study period. Socio-economic inequalities were prominent, with the most deprived individuals experiencing higher hospitalisation and mortality rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study highlights a reduction in COPD hospitalisations and recurrent admissions in recent years, potentially due to enhanced disease management strategies and pandemic-related healthcare changes. However, increased mortality post-hospitalisation and persistent socio-economic inequalities underscore the need for targeted interventions. Addressing these inequities through innovative care models and community-based support remains crucial to improving outcomes for patients with COPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-026-04320-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T11:35:17Z","timestamp":1779795317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence and outcomes of patients hospitalised with COPD in Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Scotland 2015\u20132022: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Navpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Lewsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8520-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Carlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Geue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Friday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandosh","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill P.","family":"Pell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Dundas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Q. B.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Hastie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clea","family":"du Toit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"4320_CR1","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Available from: https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/."},{"key":"4320_CR2","unstructured":"The top 10 causes of death. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/the-top-10-causes-of-death."},{"key":"4320_CR3","unstructured":"Scottish Burden of Disease. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.scotpho.org.uk\/media\/2632\/2025-03-18-scottishburdenofdisease-copd.pdf."},{"key":"4320_CR4","unstructured":"Introduction - Scottish Atlas of Healthcare Variation 17 December 2024 - Scottish Atlas of Healthcare Variation - Publications - Public Health Scotland. Available from: https:\/\/www.publichealthscotland.scot\/publications\/scottish-atlas-of-healthcare-variation\/scottish-atlas-of-healthcare-variation-17-december-2024\/introduction\/."},{"key":"4320_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatt SP, Rabe KF, Hanania NA, Vogelmeier CF, Cole J, Bafadhel M, et al. Dupilumab for COPD with Type 2 Inflammation Indicated by Eosinophil Counts. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(3):205-14. Available from: https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2303951.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303951"},{"issue":"5","key":"4320_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab104","volume":"50","author":"KA Levin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Levin KA, Milligan M, Bayes HK, Crighton E, Anderson D. Measuring the impact of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Community Respiratory Programme on emergency admissions to hospital: a controlled interrupted time series analysis. Age Ageing. 2021;50(5):1728\u201335.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"4320_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S409116","volume":"18","author":"A Taylor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Taylor A, Cushing A, Dow M, Anderson J, McDowell G, Lua S, et al. Long-term usage and improved clinical outcomes with adoption of a COPD digital support service: key findings from the RECEIVER trial. 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Cited 2025 Sep 8."}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04320-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04320-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04320-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:08:09Z","timestamp":1785110889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04320-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04320-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Delegated research ethics approval was granted for linkage to National Health Service (NHS) patient data by the Local Privacy and Advisory Committee at NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde.Cohorts and de-identified linked data were prepared by the West of Scotland Safe Haven Research Database at NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (IRAS Project ID 321198, REC reference 22\/WS\/1063).Informed consent was deemed unnecessary for this secondary data linkage project according to the Local Privacy and Advisory Committee at NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The data used in the projects is unconsented health data collected during routine clinical care, and its use has been approved by the\u00a0NHS GGC Local Privacy Advisory Committee. Consent from patients is not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"330"}}