{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:40:11Z","timestamp":1789501211963,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":68,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-026-04355-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:57:13Z","timestamp":1780567033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interventions to reduce the impact of post-tuberculosis lung disease: a scoping review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunar","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathrine","family":"Tadyanemhandu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos P. Borges","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Intan MW.","family":"Dewi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole D.","family":"Mitnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena P.","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Romanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Wallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"4355_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dodd PJ, Yuen CM, Jayasooriya SM, van der Zalm MM, Seddon JA. Quantifying the global number of tuberculosis survivors: a modelling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021 July 1;21(7):984\u201392.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30919-1"},{"key":"4355_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allwood BW, Van Der Zalm MM, Amaral AFS, Byrne A, Datta S, Egere U et al. Post-tuberculosis lung health: perspectives from the First International Symposium. int j tuberc lung dis. 2020;24(8):820\u20138.","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.20.0067"},{"issue":"10","key":"4355_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30309-3","volume":"19","author":"K Romanowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Romanowski K, Baumann B, Basham CA, Ahmad Khan F, Fox GJ, Johnston JC. Long-term all-cause mortality in people treated for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(10):1129\u201337.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"4355_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alene KA, Wangdi K, Colquhoun S, Chani K, Islam T, Rahevar K, et al. Tuberculosis related disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2021 Sept;9(1):203.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02063-9"},{"issue":"12","key":"4355_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0000805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000805","volume":"2","author":"E Maleche-Obimbo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maleche-Obimbo E, Odhiambo MA, Njeri L, Mburu M, Jaoko W, Were F, et al. Magnitude and factors associated with post-tuberculosis lung disease in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Global Public Health. 2022;2(12):e0000805.","journal-title":"PLOS Global Public Health"},{"key":"4355_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alemu BN. Surgical Outcome of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergilloma: An Experience from Two Tertiary Referral Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2020 July 1;30(4):521\u201330.","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v30i4.7"},{"key":"4355_CR7","first-page":"95","volume":"14","author":"C Anusha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anusha C, Gopal PSS, Malempati AR. An Observational Study on Surgical Intervention in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Eur J Cardiovasc Med. 2024;14:95\u2013104.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.08.003","volume":"78","author":"SE Borisov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Borisov SE, D\u2019Ambrosio L, Centis R, Tiberi S, Dheda K, Alffenaar JW, et al. Outcomes of patients with drug-resistant-tuberculosis treated with bedaquiline-containing regimens and undergoing adjunctive surgery. J Infect. 2019;78(1):35\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.05.016","volume":"79","author":"A Erdogan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Erdogan A, Yegin A, G\u00fcrses G, Demircan A. Surgical management of tuberculosis-related hemoptysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79(1):299\u2013302.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"4355_CR10","first-page":"126","volume":"38","author":"JL Freixinet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freixinet JL, Caminero JA, Marchena J, Rodriguez PM, Casimiro JA, Hussein M. Spontaneous pneumothorax and tuberculosis: long-term follow-up. EurRespirJ. 2011;38:126\u201331.","journal-title":"EurRespirJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"4355_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(97)00230-3","volume":"12","author":"A Kir","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kir A, Tahao\u011flu K, Okur E, Hatipo\u011flu T. Role of surgery in multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis: results of 27 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1997;12(4):531\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"4355_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohsen T, Zeid AA, Haj-Yahia S. Lobectomy or pneumonectomy for multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality: a seven-year review of a single institution\u2019s experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007 July;134(1):194\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.03.022"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1177\/021849230701500211","volume":"15","author":"R Naidoo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Naidoo R. Active pulmonary tuberculosis: experience with resection in 106 cases. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2007;15(2):134\u20138.","journal-title":"Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.112339","volume":"121","author":"BJ Pomerantz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pomerantz BJ, Cleveland JCJ, Olson HK, Pomerantz M. Pulmonary resection for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;121(3):448\u201353.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"4355_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pulle MV, Asaf BB, Puri HV, Bishnoi S, Kumar A. Surgical intervention is safe, feasible, and effective in tubercular tracheobronchial stenosis. Lung India. 2021 June;38(3):245\u201351.","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_343_20"},{"key":"4355_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shirodkar S, Anande L, Dalal A, Desai C, Corr\u00eaa G, Das M, et al. Surgical interventions for pulmonary tuberculosis in Mumbai, India: surgical outcomes and programmatic challenges. Public Health Action. 2016 Sept;6(3):193\u20138.","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.16.0043"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(99)00158-X","volume":"16","author":"SW Sung","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sung SW, Kang CH, Kim YT, Han SK, Shim YS, Kim JH. Surgery increased the chance of cure in multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999;16(2):187\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.09.007","volume":"79","author":"S ichi Takeda","year":"2005","unstructured":"ichi Takeda S, Maeda H, Hayakawa M, Sawabata N, Maekura R. Current surgical intervention for pulmonary tuberculosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79(3):959\u201363.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"4355_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Malherbe ST, Chen RY, Yu X, Smith B, Liu X, Gao J et al. PET\/CT guided tuberculosis treatment shortening: a randomized trial. 2024 [cited 2025 June 27]. Available from: http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.10.03.24314723.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.10.03.24314723"},{"key":"4355_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cevik M, Thompson LC, Upton C, Rolla VC, Malahleha M, Mmbaga B, et al. Bedaquiline-pretomanid-moxifloxacin-pyrazinamide for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treatment: a phase 2c, open-label, multicentre, partially randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2024 Sept;24(9):1003\u201314.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00223-8"},{"issue":"10","key":"4355_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212537","volume":"388","author":"I Paton Nicholas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paton Nicholas I, Christopher C, Celina S, Erlina B, Lip CK, Dalay Victoria B, et al. Treatment Strategy for Rifampin-Susceptible Tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(10):873\u201387.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2023.04.026","volume":"71","author":"H Chandra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chandra H, Rahman A, Yadav P, Maurya G, Kumar Shukla S. Effect of adjunct Vitamin D treatment in vitamin D deficient pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A randomized, double blind, active controlled clinical trial. Indian J Tuberc. 2024;71(2):170\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"4355_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganmaa D, Munkhzul B, Fawzi W, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Bayasgalan P et al. High-Dose Vitamin D3 during Tuberculosis Treatment in Mongolia. A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Sept 1;196(5):628\u201337.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201705-0936OC"},{"issue":"9761","key":"4355_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61889-2","volume":"377","author":"AR Martineau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martineau AR, Timms PM, Bothamley GH, Hanifa Y, Islam K, Claxton AP, et al. High-dose vitamin D(3) during intensive-phase antimicrobial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9761):242\u201350.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4355_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mily A, Rekha RS, Kamal SMM, Arifuzzaman ASM, Rahim Z, Khan L et al. Significant Effects of Oral Phenylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Adjunctive Therapy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Mistry N, editor. PLoS ONE. 2015 Sept 22;10(9):e0138340.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138340"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-22","volume":"13","author":"N Salahuddin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salahuddin N, Ali F, Hasan Z, Rao N, Aqeel M, Mahmood F. Vitamin D accelerates clinical recovery from tuberculosis: results of the SUCCINCT Study [Supplementary Cholecalciferol in recovery from tuberculosis]. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis\u2019. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13(1):22.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70275-X","volume":"13","author":"AP Ralph","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ralph AP, Lucas RM, Norval M. Vitamin D and solar ultraviolet radiation in the risk and treatment of tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(1):77\u201388.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"4355_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30448-3","volume":"9","author":"RS Wallis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wallis RS, Ginindza S, Beattie T, Arjun N, Likoti M, Edward VA, et al. Adjunctive host-directed therapies for pulmonary tuberculosis: a prospective, open-label, phase 2, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respiratory Med. 2021;9(8):897\u2013908.","journal-title":"Lancet Respiratory Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"4355_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200804-567OC","volume":"179","author":"C Wejse","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wejse C, Gomes VF, Rabna P, Gustafson P, Aaby P, Lisse IM, et al. Vitamin D as Supplementary Treatment for Tuberculosis: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179(9):843\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4355_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angel JH, Chu LS, Lyons HA. Corticotropin in the treatment of tuberculosis. A controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 1961 Sept;108:353\u201369.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1961.03620090025004"},{"issue":"5","key":"4355_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-3879(60)80036-0","volume":"41","author":"WJ Bell","year":"1960","unstructured":"Bell WJ, Brown PP, Horn DW. Prednisolone in the treatment of acute extensive pulmonary tuberculosis in West Africans. Tubercle. 1960;41(5):341\u201351.","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"issue":"5","key":"4355_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.30.5.486","volume":"30","author":"GS Berg","year":"1956","unstructured":"Berg GS, Des Autels EJ, Fershing J, Freeman S, Zvetina JR. The effects of corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisone in fifteen cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Dis Chest. 1956;30(5):486\u201398.","journal-title":"Dis Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR33","first-page":"47","volume":"3","author":"S Bila\u00e7ero\u011flu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bila\u00e7ero\u011flu S, Perim K, B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015firin M, Celikten E. Prednisolone: a beneficial and safe adjunct to antituberculosis treatment? A randomized controlled trial. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1999;3(1):47\u201354.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"5215","key":"4355_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5215.1751","volume":"2","author":"NW Horne","year":"1960","unstructured":"Horne NW. Prednisolone in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a controlled trial. Final report to the Research Committee of the Tuberculosis Society of Scotland. Br Med J. 1960;2(5215):1751\u20136.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"4355_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1965.91.3.329","volume":"91","author":"S Halleck","year":"1965","unstructured":"Halleck S. Prednisolone in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis; a United States Public Health Service Tuberculosis Therapy Trial. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1965;91:329\u201338.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"4355_CR36","unstructured":"Johnson JR, Taylor BC, Morrissey JF, Jenne JW, Mcdonald FM. Corticosteroids in pulmonary tuberculosis. I. Over-all results in Madison-Minneapolis veterans administration hospitals steroid study. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1965 Sept;92:376\u201391."},{"issue":"7214","key":"4355_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)92591-0","volume":"2","author":"SE Keidan","year":"1961","unstructured":"Keidan SE, Todd RM. Triamcinolone in primary pulmonary tuberculosis. A controlled trial. Lancet. 1961;2(7214):1224\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4355_CR38","unstructured":"Malik SK, Martin CJ. Tuberculosis, corticosteroid therapy, and pulmonary function. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1969 July;100(1):13\u20138."},{"key":"4355_CR39","unstructured":"Marcus H, Yoo OH, Akyol T, Williams MH. A randomized study of the effects of corticosteroid therapy on healing of pulmonary tuberculosis as judged by clinical, roentgenographic, and physiologic measurements. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1963 July;88:55\u201364."},{"key":"4355_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1963.tb16631.x","volume":"106","author":"RL Mclean","year":"1963","unstructured":"Mclean RL. The role of adrenocorticortirophic and adrenocortico-steroid hormones in the treatment of tuberculosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1963;106:130\u201347.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4355_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201201-0094OC","volume":"186","author":"G Meintjes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meintjes G, Skolimowska KH, Wilkinson KA, Matthews K, Tadokera R, Conesa-Botella A, et al. Corticosteroid-modulated Immune Activation in the Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(4):369\u201377.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4355_CR42","first-page":"119","volume":"50","author":"H Poppius","year":"1961","unstructured":"Poppius H, Jalas TL. Corticosteroid treatment in fresh pulmonary tuberculosis. A preliminary report of a controlled trial. Ann Med Intern Fenn. 1961;50:119\u201327.","journal-title":"Ann Med Intern Fenn"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343593","volume":"44","author":"R Tadokera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tadokera R, Meintjes GA, Wilkinson KA, Skolimowska KH, Walker N, Friedland JS, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue damage in HIV-tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Eur J Immunol. 2014;44(1):127\u201336.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR44","first-page":"402","volume":"95","author":"RL Nemir","year":"1967","unstructured":"Nemir RL, Cardona J, Vaziri F, Toledo R. Prednisone as an adjunct in the chemotherapy of lymph node-bronchial tuberculosis in childhood: a double-blind study. II. Further term observation. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1967;95(3):402\u201310.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"4355_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195902262600903","volume":"260","author":"HJ Weinstein","year":"1959","unstructured":"Weinstein HJ, Koler JJ. Adrenocorticosteroids in the treatment of tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 1959;260(9):412\u20137.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-0971(59)80115-7","volume":"53","author":"PP Turner","year":"1959","unstructured":"Turner PP. The effects of prednisolone on chronic drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Kenya Africans. Br J Dis Chest. 1959;53(1):95\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Dis Chest"},{"key":"4355_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-3879(63)80091-4","volume":"44","author":"D Morris","year":"1963","unstructured":"Morris D. Trial of corticotrophin and prednisone with chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis: a two-year radiographic follow up. Tubercle. 1963;44:484\u20136.","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"issue":"4","key":"4355_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-3879(61)80130-X","volume":"42","author":"Research Committee of the British Tuberculosis Association","year":"1961","unstructured":"Research Committee of the British Tuberculosis Association. A trial of corticotrophin and prednisone with chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis. Tubercle. 1961;42(4):391\u2013412.","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"4355_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuberculosis Research Center Madras. Study of chemotherapy regimens of 5 and 7 months\u2019 duration and the role of corticosteroids in the treatment of sputum-positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in South India. Tubercle. 1983 June;64(2):73\u201391.","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(83)90032-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.22.0548","volume":"27","author":"OO Adewole","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adewole OO, Omotoso BA, Ogunsina M, Aminu A, Odeyemi AO, Awopeju OF, et al. Atorvastatin accelerates Mycobacterium tuberculosis clearance in pulmonary TB: a randomised phase IIA trial. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2023;27(3):226\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"4355_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cross GB, Sari IP, Kityo C, Lu Q, Pokharkar Y, Moorakonda RB, et al. Rosuvastatin adjunctive therapy for rifampicin-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis: a phase 2b, randomised, open-label, multicentre trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 July;23(7):847\u201355.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00067-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54419-3","volume":"15","author":"GB Cross","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cross GB, Sari IP, Burkill SM, Yap CW, Nguyen H, Quyet D, et al. PET-CT outcomes from a randomised controlled trial of rosuvastatin as an adjunct to standard tuberculosis treatment. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):10475.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"4355_CR53","first-page":"1348","volume":"8","author":"JL Johnson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johnson JL, Nunn AJ, Fourie PB, Ormerod LP, Mugerwa RD, Mwinga A, et al. Effect of Mycobacterium vaccae (SRL172) immunotherapy on radiographic healing in tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004;8(11):1348\u201354.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"15","key":"4355_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e141895","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI141895","volume":"131","author":"QH Miow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miow QH, Vallejo AF, Wang Y, Hong JM, Bai C, Teo FSW, et al. Doxycycline host-directed therapy in human pulmonary tuberculosis. J Clin Invest. 2021;131(15):e141895.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab964","volume":"75","author":"C Padmapriydarsini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Padmapriydarsini C, Mamulwar M, Mohan A, Shanmugam P, Gomathy NS, Mane A, et al. Randomized Trial of Metformin With Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs for Early Sputum Conversion in Adults With Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75(3):425\u201334.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4355_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.4.727","volume":"174","author":"RS Wallis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wallis RS, Nsubuga P, Whalen C, Mugerwa RD, Okwera A, Oette D, et al. Pentoxifylline Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Seropositive Persons with Tuberculosis: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Infect Dis. 1996;174(4):727\u201333.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200401230-00015","volume":"18","author":"RS Wallis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wallis RS, Kyambadde P, Johnson JL, Horter L, Kittle R, Pohle M, et al. A study of the safety, immunology, virology, and microbiology of adjunctive etanercept in HIV-1-associated tuberculosis. AIDS. 2004;18(2):257\u201364.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0252097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252097","volume":"17","author":"RS Wallis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wallis RS, Ginindza S, Beattie T, Arjun N, Likoti M, Sebe M et al. C <>Leroyer editor 2022 Lung and blood early biomarkers for host-directed tuberculosis therapies: Secondary outcome measures from a randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE 17 2 e0252097.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4355_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wallis RS, Sabi I, Lalashowi J, Bakuli A, Mapamba D, Olomi W et al. Adjunctive N-Acetylcysteine and Lung Function in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. NEJM Evidence. 2024 Aug 27 [cited 2024 Dec 1];3(9). Available from: https:\/\/evidence.nejmhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/EVIDoa2300332.","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2300332"},{"key":"4355_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawson R, Condos R, Tse D, Huie ML, Ress S, Tseng CH, et al. Immunomodulation with Recombinant Interferon-\u03b31b in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLoS ONE. 2009 Sept;15(9):e6984.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006984"},{"key":"4355_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson JL, Ssekasanvu E, Okwera A, Mayanja H, Hirsch CS, Nakibali JG, et al. Randomized Trial of Adjunctive Interleukin-2 in Adults with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 July;15(2):185\u201391.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200211-1359OC"},{"key":"4355_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S128750","volume":"12","author":"CJ Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim CJ, Yoon HK, Park MJ, Yoo KH, Jung KS, Park JW, et al. Inhaled indacaterol for the treatment of COPD patients with destroyed lung by tuberculosis and moderate-to-severe airflow limitation: results from the randomized INFINITY study. COPD. 2017;12:1589\u201396.","journal-title":"COPD"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1055-5","volume":"20","author":"HC Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim HC, Kim TH, Kim YJ, Rhee CK, Oh YM. Effect of tiotropium inhaler use on mortality in patients with tuberculous destroyed lung: based on linkage between hospital and nationwide health insurance claims data in South Korea. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):85.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4355_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2014.77.4.167","volume":"77","author":"HK Yum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yum HK, Park IN. Effect of Inhaled Tiotropium on Spirometric Parameters in Patients with Tuberculous Destroyed Lung. Tuberc Respir Dis. 2014;77(4):167.","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70034","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.70034","volume":"68","author":"A Ajayababu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ajayababu A, Meena VP, Sethi P, Singh A, Jadon RS, Singh G, et al. Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients With Prior Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Study on the Burden, Clinic-Radiological Features, Treatment Outcomes and Comparison With Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Post-Tubercular Lung Disease Patients. Mycoses. 2025;68(2):e70034.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"4355_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akram W, Ejaz MB, Mallhi TH, Syed Sulaiman SA bin, Khan AH. Clinical manifestations, associated risk factors and treatment outcomes of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA): Experiences from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(11):e0259766.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259766"},{"key":"4355_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cucchetto G, Cazzadori A, Conti M, Cascio GL, Braggio P, Concia E. Treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis with voriconazole: review of a case series. Infection. 2015 June 1;43(3):277\u201386.","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-014-0711-4"},{"key":"4355_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Despois O, Chen SCA, Gilroy N, Jones M, Wu P, Beardsley J. Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Burden, Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes at a Large Australian Tertiary Hospital. J Fungi. 2022;8(2).","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8020110"},{"key":"4355_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta C. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with post-TB sequelae. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2024;28(12).","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.24.0163"},{"issue":"8","key":"4355_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2013.806826","volume":"51","author":"BW Jhun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jhun BW, Jeon K, Eom JS, Lee JH, Suh GY, Kwon OJ, et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Med Mycol. 2013;51(8):811\u20137.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13539","volume":"66","author":"Y Nam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nam Y, Moon SM, Shin B, Ko NG, An J, Wi YM, et al. Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis: Serial clinical and CT findings correlated with antifungal treatment and patient response. Mycoses. 2023;66(2):106\u201317.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"5","key":"4355_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-023-00741-1","volume":"188","author":"M Namusobya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Namusobya M, Bongomin F, Mukisa J, Batte C, Olwit WK, Rhein J, et al. The Impact of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis Co-infection on the Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Uganda. Mycopathologia. 2023;188(5):713\u201320.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"4355_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-012-0322-x","volume":"40","author":"T Saito","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saito T, Fujiuchi S, Tao Y, Sasaki Y, Ogawa K, Suzuki K, et al. Efficacy and safety of voriconazole in the treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: experience in Japan. Infection. 2012;40(6):661\u20137.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"4355_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bargaje M, Bharaswadkar S, Lohidasan S, Panda BK. Plasma drug concentrations of 4-drug fixed-dose combination regimen and its efficacy for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis under National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme: A prospective pilot study. Indian Journal of Tuberculosis. 2022 July 1;69(3):311\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2021.04.002"},{"key":"4355_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatnagar AK, Hemanthkumar AK, Muthu Vijayalakshmi M, Vohra V, Padmapriyadarsini C, Ramesh PM et al. Effect of Bedaquiline and Delamanid Pharmacokinetics on Sputum Culture Conversion and Adverse Events in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. 2024;46(3). Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/drug-monitoring\/fulltext\/2024\/06000\/effect_of_bedaquiline_and_delamanid.11.aspx.","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000001164"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30426-0","volume":"7","author":"F von Groote-Bidlingmaier","year":"2019","unstructured":"von Groote-Bidlingmaier F, Patientia R, Sanchez E, Balanag V, Ticona E, Segura P, et al. Efficacy and safety of delamanid in combination with an optimised background regimen for treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group phase 3 trial. Lancet Respiratory Med. 2019;7(3):249\u201359.","journal-title":"Lancet Respiratory Med"},{"key":"4355_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei Q, Wang H, Zhao Y, Dang L, Zhu C, Lv X et al. Determinants of serum concentration of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs from China. Medicine. 2019;98(41). Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/md-journal\/fulltext\/2019\/10110\/determinants_of_serum_concentration_of_first_line.51.aspx.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017523"},{"issue":"9","key":"4355_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3365","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1265","volume":"73","author":"AD McCallum","year":"2021","unstructured":"McCallum AD, Pertinez HE, Else LJ, Dilly-Penchala S, Chirambo AP, Sheha I, et al. Intrapulmonary Pharmacokinetics of First-line Anti-tuberculosis Drugs in Malawian Patients With Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(9):e3365\u201373.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4355_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joo PJSLJ-YLY et al. Kim Se Joong, Cho Young-Jae, Yoon Ho Il,. Serum Levels of Antituberculosis Drugs and Their Effect on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2015;60(1):92\u20138.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00693-15"},{"key":"4355_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Altena R, Dijkstra JA, van der Meer ME, Borjas Howard JF, Kosterink JGW, van Soolingen D, et al. Reduced Chance of Hearing Loss Associated with Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Aminoglycosides in the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01400-16.","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01400-16"},{"issue":"2","key":"4355_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.22.0448","volume":"27","author":"Y Alkabab","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alkabab Y, Warkentin J, Cummins J, Katz B, Denison BM, Bartok A, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring and TB treatment outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2023;27(2):135\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1782-2","volume":"19","author":"W Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li W, Zhu Y, Liao Q, Wang Z, Wan C. Characterization of gut microbiota in children with pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19(1):445.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"4355_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00822","volume":"8","author":"M Luo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luo M, Liu Y, Wu P, Luo DX, Sun Q, Zheng H, et al. Alternation of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Front Physiol. 2017;8:822.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"4355_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin Y, Liang Z, Cai X, Luo Y, Wu B, Feng Y, et al. Dynamic changes of respiratory microbiota associated with treatment outcome in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2024 Sept;9(1):83.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-024-00742-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14015","volume":"20","author":"A Maji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maji A, Misra R, Dhakan DB, Gupta V, Mahato NK, Saxena R, et al. Gut microbiome contributes to impairment of immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients by alteration of butyrate and propionate producers. Environ Microbiol. 2018;20(1):402\u201319.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4355_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e913","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00191-X","volume":"4","author":"E Musisi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Musisi E, Wyness A, Eldirdiri S, Dombay E, Mtafya B, Ntinginya NE, et al. Effect of seven anti-tuberculosis treatment regimens on sputum microbiome: a retrospective analysis of the HIGHRIF study 2 and PanACEA MAMS-TB clinical trials. Lancet Microbe. 2023;4(11):e913\u201322.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"4355_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi J, Gao G, Yu Z, Wu K, Huang Y, Wu LP, et al. The Relevance of Host Gut Microbiome Signature Alterations on de novo Fatty Acids Synthesis in Patients with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. Infect Drug Resist. 2022 Sept;21:15:5589\u2013600.","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S372122"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8975","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12970-3","volume":"12","author":"V Ueckermann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ueckermann V, Lebre P, Geldenhuys J, Hoosien E, Cowan D, van Rensburg LJ, et al. The lung microbiome in HIV-positive patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):8975.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4355_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu J, Liu W, He L, Huang F, Chen J, Cui P et al. Sputum Microbiota Associated with New, Recurrent and Treatment Failure Tuberculosis. PLOS ONE. 2013 de dez. de;8(12):e83445.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083445"},{"key":"4355_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia X, Chen J, Cheng Y, Chen F, Lu H, Liu J et al. Comparative analysis of the lung microbiota in patients with respiratory infections, tuberculosis, and lung cancer: A preliminary study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Nov 1 [cited 2025 July 14];12. Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/cellular-and-infection-microbiology\/articles\/ https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1024867\/full.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1024867"},{"key":"4355_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090889","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1090889","volume":"12","author":"S Ye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ye S, Wang L, Li S, Ding Q, Wang Y, Wan X, et al. The correlation between dysfunctional intestinal flora and pathology feature of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:1090889.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"4355_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.12.016","volume":"32","author":"AL Byrne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Byrne AL, Marais BJ, Mitnick CD, Lecca L, Marks GB. Tuberculosis and chronic respiratory disease: a systematic review. Int J Infect Dis. 2015;32:138\u201346.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4355_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0002659","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002659","volume":"4","author":"J Meghji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meghji J, Gunsaru V, Chinoko B, Joekes E, Banda NPK, Marozva N, et al. Screening for post-TB lung disease at TB treatment completion: Are symptoms sufficient? PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024;4(1):e0002659.","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"4355_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne A, Allwood B, Schoeman I, Johnston J, Kalyatanda G, Makanda G et al. Post tuberculosis: the urgent need for inclusion of lung health outcomes in tuberculosis treatment trials. European Respiratory Journal. 2023 Sept 9 [cited 2025 Mar 18];62(3). Available from: https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/content\/erj\/62\/3\/2300950.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00950-2023"},{"key":"4355_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng J, Li X, Xiong Y, Wu Y, Liu P, Gao S. The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Infection. 2025 June;53(3):1129\u201340.","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02446-z"},{"issue":"3","key":"4355_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13711","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13711","volume":"67","author":"K Soundappan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soundappan K, Sehgal IS, Prabhakar N, Rana S, Raju R, Dhooria S, et al. Incidence and prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with post-tuberculosis lung abnormality: Results from a community survey in North India. Mycoses. 2024;67(3):e13711.","journal-title":"Mycoses"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04355-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04355-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04355-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:05:01Z","timestamp":1786446301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04355-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04355-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"345"}}