{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:08:47Z","timestamp":1789600127225,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":79,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pulm Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-026-04462-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T03:38:50Z","timestamp":1782790730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conservative management of prolonged air leak following tension pneumothorax in cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5814-6533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aows","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Alkhartalak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8333-6430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lama","family":"Alsaoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9630-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Berro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Abd-Alrahman","family":"Saif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shbat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassam","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"4462_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2022-219784","volume":"78","author":"ME Roberts","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roberts ME, Rahman NM, Maskell NA, Bibby AC, Blyth KG, Corcoran JP, et al. British Thoracic Society Guideline for Pleural Disease. Thorax. 2023;78(Suppl 3):s1\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2022-219784.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"may08 1","key":"4462_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g2928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2928","volume":"348","author":"O Bintcliffe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bintcliffe O, Maskell N. Spontaneous pneumothorax. BMJ. 2014;348(may08 1):g2928\u20132928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g2928.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"4462_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000508530","volume":"3","author":"AD Pradana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pradana AD. Spontaneous Tuberculosis-Associated Tension Pneumothorax: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Acute Med. 2020;3(2):35\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000508530.","journal-title":"Case Rep Acute Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4462_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00128910","volume":"38","author":"JL Freixinet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freixinet JL, Caminero JA, Marchena J, Rodr\u00edguez PM, Casimiro JA, Hussein M. Spontaneous pneumothorax and tuberculosis: long-term follow-up. Eur Respir J. 2011;38(1):126\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00128910.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"4462_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4030","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-24-46","volume":"16","author":"P Ruenwilai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ruenwilai P. Bronchoscopic management in persistent air leak: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis. 2024;16(6):4030\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jtd-24-46.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"4462_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography11110125","volume":"11","author":"R Jain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jain R, Kandula V, Torigian DA, Donuru A. Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Review of Underlying Etiologies and Diagnostic Imaging Modalities. Tomography. 2025;11(11):125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tomography11110125.","journal-title":"Tomography"},{"issue":"3","key":"4462_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.00695","volume":"56","author":"M Shamaei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shamaei M, Tabarsi P, Pojhan S, Ghorbani L, Baghaei P, Marjani M, et al. Tuberculosis-Associated Secondary Pneumothorax: A Retrospective Study of 53 Patients. Respir Care. 2011;56(3):298\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.00695.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"4462_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinme.2025.100327","volume":"25","author":"B Iqbal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iqbal B, Hallifax R, Rahman NM. Pneumothorax: An update on clinical spectrum, diagnosis and management. Clin Med. 2025;25(3):100327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinme.2025.100327.","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4462_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ezae189","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezae189","volume":"65","author":"S Walker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Walker S, Hallifax R, Ricciardi S, Fitzgerald D, Keijzers M, Lauk O, et al. Joint ERS\/EACTS\/ESTS clinical practice guidelines on adults with spontaneous pneumothorax. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2024;65(5):ezae189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejcts\/ezae189.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"4462_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.21037\/amj-23-168","volume":"9","author":"B Duchman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Duchman B, Cheng GZ. Management of pneumothorax and persistent air leak\u2014a narrative review. AME Med J. 2024;9:23\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/amj-23-168.","journal-title":"AME Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4462_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.21.4.g01jl06839","volume":"21","author":"HY Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim HY, Song KS, Goo JM, Lee JS, Lee KS, Lim TH. Thoracic Sequelae and Complications of Tuberculosis. Radiographics. 2001;21(4):839\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiographics.21.4.g01jl06839.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4462_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240250","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0250-2024","volume":"21","author":"F Harnedy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harnedy F, Foley E, Fitzgerald DB. New strategies in the management of pneumothorax. Breathe. 2025;21(3):240250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/20734735.0250-2024.","journal-title":"Breathe"},{"issue":"4","key":"4462_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230135","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0135-2023","volume":"19","author":"M Shorthose","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shorthose M, Barton E, Walker S. The contemporary management of spontaneous pneumothorax in adults. Breathe. 2023;19(4):230135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/20734735.0135-2023.","journal-title":"Breathe"},{"issue":"1","key":"4462_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2017.01.009","volume":"66","author":"SK Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh SK, Tiwari KK. Analysis of clinical and radiological features of tuberculosis associated pneumothorax. Indian J Tuberculosis. 2019;66(1):34\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijtb.2017.01.009.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberculosis"}],"container-title":["BMC Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04462-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04462-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04462-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:48:44Z","timestamp":1789598924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04462-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-026-04462-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2466"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2466","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal on request.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"413"}}