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The present study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior-only surgical correction with heavy halo-femoral traction for the treatment of rigid congenital scoliosis (RCS) associated with SCM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>From 2011 to 2017, 24 patients suffered from RCS associated with SCM underwent posterior-only surgical correction with heavy halo-femoral traction. The apex of the deformity was lumbar (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099), thoracic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911), and thoracolumbar (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094). There were 13 cases of failure of segmentation; 4 cases of failure of formation and 7 cases of mixed defects. Based on SCM classification, there were 14 patients with SCM type 1 and 10 patients with SCM type 2. The Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores were assessed preoperatively and at the final follow up.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean duration of surgery was 327.08\u2009\u00b1\u200943.99\u2009min and the mean blood loss was 1303.33\u2009\u00b1\u2009526.86\u2009ml. The mean follow-up period was 20.75\u2009\u00b1\u20098.29\u2009months. The preoperative mean coronal Cobb angle was 80.38\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u200913.55\u00b0; on the bending radiograph of the convex side, the mean Cobb angle was 68.91\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u200915.48\u00b0; the mean flexibility was 15.04%\u2009\u00b1\u20097.11%. After heavy halo-femoral traction, the mean coronal Cobb angle was reduced to 56.89\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u200913.39\u00b0. After posterior-only surgical correction, postoperative mean coronal Cobb angle was further reduced to 32.54\u00b0 \u00b111.33\u00b0. The postoperative mean correction rate was 60.51%\u2009\u00b1\u20097.79%. At the final follow up, the corrective loss rate of Cobb angle was only 3.17%. The SRS-22 total score improved at the final follow-up evaluation compared with the preoperative SRS-22 total score. The spinal cord function was stable and there were no new neurological symptoms after correction. There were no significant differences between final follow-up and preoperative mJOA total scores.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Without prophylactic neurosurgical intervention and spine-shortening osteotomy, posterior-only surgical correction with heavy halo-femoral traction could be safe and effective for the treatment of RCS associated with SCM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3124-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T20:03:03Z","timestamp":1581624183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Posterior-only surgical correction with heavy halo-femoral traction for the treatment of rigid congenital scoliosis associated with split cord malformation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hong-Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9260-620X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Xing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shao-Hua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi-Le","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01622.x","volume":"51","author":"DD Zani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zani DD, De Zani D, Morandi N, Biggi M, Belloli AG, Riccaboni P, Rondena M, Di Giancamillo M, Pravettoni D. 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