{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:34:42Z","timestamp":1788435282340,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Backgrounds<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>L-carnitine decreases oxidation and inflammation by reducing the fatty acid in plasma and using oxygen in ATP synthesis. As such, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) can be improved by reducing apoptotic chondrocytes. This study was designed to compare the effect of L-carnitine supplementation and low-calorie diet on improving KOA among obese women. We further investigated the effect of L- carnitine on improvement of KOA in obese women on low calorie diet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To conduct the study, 76 obese women with KOA were randomly assigned into two low-calorie diet groups: the first received 1000\u2009mg of LCG and the second took the placebo (PLG) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200938). Anthropometry indices, body composition, lipid profile, C-reactive Protein (CRP), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) were assessed at the baseline condition and after 12\u2009weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean change of body mass index (BMI) (\u2212\u20091.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.84 vs. -0.79\u2009\u00b1\u20090.70;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and weight (\u2212\u20092.76\u2009\u00b1\u20091.69 vs. -1.95\u2009\u00b1\u20091.73;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05) were significant in the LCG compared with the PLG. Likewise, LCG compared to the PLG showed insignificant improvement in waist circumference (WC) (\u2212\u20095.65\u2009\u00b1\u20095.85 vs. -3.64\u2009\u00b1\u20093.37;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.08). Total cholesterol (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), MDA (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03), fat mass (P\u2009=\u20090.03) and visceral fat (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) only showed decreased levels in LCG in comparison to the baseline condition. There was no significant difference between LCG and PLG, in the mean changes of hip circumference, visceral fat, free fat mass, fat mass, lipid profiles, CRP, MDA as well as stiffness, physical function, decrease of pain and total scores (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 12-week\u2009L-carnitine supplementation could improve BMI, but had no significant effect on other anthropometric and body composition measures as well as clinical symptoms, CRP, MDA, and lipid profile in women with KOA. Further trials with higher doses and longer durations are required. IRCT registration number: IRCT2017011932026N2. Registration date: 2017-04-27.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04059-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T13:03:03Z","timestamp":1613653383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The effect of L-Carnitine supplementation on clinical symptoms, C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde in obese women with knee osteoarthritis: a double blind randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Farnaz","family":"Baghban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7482-2494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Hosseinzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Mozaffari-Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Dehghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Fallahzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4059_CR1","first-page":"204763","volume":"2013","author":"M Cross","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cross M, Smith E, Hoy D, Nolte S, Ackerman I, Fransen M, et al. 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All patients signed and approved the informed consent. The protocol of this study is also registered with the code of IRCT2017011932026N2.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"195"}}