{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:20:38Z","timestamp":1793305238074,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["73022063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["73022063"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province, China","award":["BE2016647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2016647"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010854","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Commission of Health and Family Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H201630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H201630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010854","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In current clinical practice, the most commonly used fusion cage materials are titanium (Ti) alloys. However, titanium alloys are non-degradable and may cause stress shielding. ZK60 is a bio-absorbable implant that can effectively avoid long-term complications, such as stress shielding effects, implant displacement, and foreign body reactions. In this study, we aimed at investigating the biomechanical behavior of the cervical spine after implanting different interbody fusion cages.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The finite element (FE) models of anterior cervical disc removal and bone graft fusion (ACDF) with a ZK60 cage and a Ti cage were constructed, respectively. Simulations were performed to evaluate their properties of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation of the cervical spine. Moreover, a side-by-side comparison was conducted on the range of motion (ROM), the deformation of cages, the stress in the cages, bone grafts, and cage-end plate interface. Simultaneously, according to the biomechanical analysis results, the microporous structure of the ZK60 cage was improved by the lattice topology optimization technology and validation using static structure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The ROMs in the current study were comparable with the results reported in the literature. There was no significant difference in the deformation of the two cages under various conditions. Moreover, the maximum stress occurred at the rear of the cage in all cases. The cage\u2019s and endplate-cage interface\u2019s stress of the ZK60 group was reduced compared with the Ti cage, while the bone graft stress in the ZK60 fusion cage was significantly greater than that in the Ti fusion cage (average 27.70%). We further optimized the cage by filling it with lattice structures, the volume was decreased by 40%, and validation showed more significant biomechanical properties than ZK60 and Ti cages.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The application of the ZK60 cage can significantly increase the stress stimulation to the bone graft by reducing the stress shielding effect between the two instrumented bodies. We also observed that the stress of the endplate-cage interface decreased as the reduction of the cage\u2019s stiffness, indicating that subsidence is less likely to occur in the cage with lower stiffness. Moreover, we successfully designed a porous cage based on the biomechanical load by lattice optimization.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04244-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T16:04:10Z","timestamp":1619453050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A lattice topology optimization of cervical interbody fusion cage and finite element comparison with ZK60 and Ti-6Al-4V cages"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dazhao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxiang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"4244_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1958.15.6.0602","volume":"15","author":"RB Cloward","year":"1958","unstructured":"Cloward RB. The anterior approach for removal of ruptured cervical disks. J Neurosurg. 1958;15(6):602\u201317.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4244_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.12.SPINE15824","volume":"25","author":"K Radcliff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Radcliff K, Coric D, Albert T. Five-year clinical results of cervical total disc replacement compared with anterior discectomy and fusion for treatment of 2-level symptomatic degenerative disc disease: a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter investigational device exemption clinical trial. J Neurosurg Spine. 2016;25(2):213\u201324.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"4244_CR3","first-page":"e3146","volume":"10","author":"LH Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim LH, D'Souza M, Ho AL, Pendharkar AV, Sussman ES, Rezaii P, et al. Anterior techniques in managing cervical disc disease. Cureus. 2018;10(8):e3146.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"4244_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19880601-13","volume":"11","author":"GW Bagby","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bagby GW. Arthrodesis by the distraction-compression method using a stainless steel implant. Orthopedics. 1988;11(6):931\u20134.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"7","key":"4244_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E375","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000768","volume":"40","author":"M Scholz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scholz M, Schleicher P, Pabst S, Kandziora F. A zero-profile anchored spacer in multilevel cervical anterior interbody fusion: biomechanical comparison to established fixation techniques. Spine. 2015;40(7):E375\u201380.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"4244_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.037","volume":"38","author":"SC Yson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yson SC, Sembrano JN, Santos ERG. Comparison of allograft and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage subsidence rates in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). J Clin Neurosci. 2017;38:118\u201321.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4244_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2006.4.6.447","volume":"4","author":"K Schmieder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schmieder K, Wolzik-Grossmann M, Pechlivanis I, Engelhardt M, Scholz M, Harders A. Subsidence of the wing titanium cage after anterior cervical interbody fusion: 2-year follow-up study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2006;4(6):447\u201353.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4244_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12413","volume":"11","author":"K Phan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Phan K, Pelletier MH, Rao PJ, Choy WJ, Walsh WR, Mobbs RJ. Integral fixation titanium\/polyetheretherketone cages for cervical arthrodesis: evolution of cage design and early radiological outcomes and fusion rates. Orthop Surg. 2019;11(1):52\u20139.","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"4244_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3466-9","volume":"23","author":"O Nemoto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nemoto O, Asazuma T, Yato Y, Imabayashi H, Yasuoka H, Fujikawa A. Comparison of fusion rates following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion using polyetheretherketone cages or titanium cages with transpedicular instrumentation. Eur Spine J. 2014;23(10):2150\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"14","key":"4244_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182458b2f","volume":"37","author":"TV Le","year":"2012","unstructured":"Le TV, Baaj AA, Dakwar E, Burkett CJ, Murray G, Smith DA, et al. Subsidence of polyetheretherketone intervertebral cages in minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion. Spine. 2012;37(14):1268\u201373.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"20","key":"4244_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1220","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000507","volume":"39","author":"D Daentzer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daentzer D, Willbold E, Kalla K, Bartsch I, Masalha W, Hallbaum M, et al. Bioabsorbable interbody magnesium-polymer cage: degradation kinetics, biomechanical stiffness, and histological findings from an ovine cervical spine fusion model. Spine. 2014;39(20):E1220\u20137.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"9","key":"4244_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s11837-009-0129-0","volume":"61","author":"HS Brar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brar HS, Platt MO, Sarntinoranont M, Martin PI, Manuel MV. Magnesium as a biodegradable and bioabsorbable material for medical implants. Jom. 2009;61(9):31\u20134.","journal-title":"Jom"},{"issue":"1","key":"4244_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12010136","volume":"12","author":"P Chakraborty Banerjee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chakraborty Banerjee P, Al-Saadi S, Choudhary L, Harandi SE, Singh R. Magnesium implants: prospects and challenges. Materials. 2019;12(1):136.","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"4244_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9216314","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9216314","volume":"2018","author":"C Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu C, Ren Z, Xu Y, Pang S, Zhao X, Zhao Y. Biodegradable magnesium alloys developed as bone repair materials: a review. Scanning. 2018;2018:9216314.","journal-title":"Scanning"},{"key":"4244_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2015.03.018","volume":"96","author":"R-C Zeng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zeng R-C, Qi W-C, Cui H-Z, Zhang F, Li S-Q, Han E-H. In vitro corrosion of as-extruded Mg\u2013Ca alloys\u2014the influence of Ca concentration. Corros Sci. 2015;96:23\u201331.","journal-title":"Corros Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4244_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s40843-018-9293-8","volume":"62","author":"D Xia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xia D, Liu Y, Wang S, Zeng R-C, Liu Y, Zheng Y, et al. In vitro and in vivo investigation on biodegradable Mg-Li-Ca alloys for bone implant application. Sci China Mater. 2019;62(2):256\u201372.","journal-title":"Sci China Mater"},{"issue":"1","key":"4244_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.06.040","volume":"88","author":"H Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang H, Guan S, Wang Y, Liu H, Wang H, Wang L, et al. In vivo degradation behavior of Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite coated Mg\u2013Zn\u2013Ca alloy for bone implant application. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces. 2011;88(1):254\u20139.","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"14","key":"4244_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.05.064","volume":"27","author":"NJ Vickers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vickers NJ. Animal communication: when i\u2019m calling you, will you answer too? Curr Biol. 2017;27(14):R713\u20135.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4244_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-013-9386-3","volume":"42","author":"B Steinfeld","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steinfeld B, Scott J, Vilander G, Marx L, Quirk M, Lindberg J, et al. The role of lean process improvement in implementation of evidence-based practices in behavioral health care. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2015;42(4):504\u201318.","journal-title":"J Behav Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4244_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1002\/maco.201508509","volume":"67","author":"H Jafari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jafari H, Rahimi F, Sheikhsofla Z. In vitro corrosion behavior of Mg-5Zn alloy containing low Y contents. Mater Corros. 2016;67(4):396\u2013405.","journal-title":"Mater Corros"},{"issue":"5","key":"4244_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34795","volume":"102","author":"ZR Qi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qi ZR, Zhang Q, Tan LL, Lin X, Yin Y, Wang XL, et al. Comparison of degradation behavior and the associated bone response of ZK60 and PLLA in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2014;102(5):1255\u201363.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"issue":"7","key":"4244_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2013.05.023","volume":"33","author":"X Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin X, Tan L, Wang Q, Zhang G, Zhang B, Yang K. In vivo degradation and tissue compatibility of ZK60 magnesium alloy with micro-arc oxidation coating in a transcortical model. Mater Sci Eng C. 2013;33(7):3881\u20138.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C"},{"issue":"20","key":"4244_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2011.05.032","volume":"176","author":"XN Gu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gu XN, Li N, Zheng YF, Ruan L. In vitro degradation performance and biological response of a Mg\u2013Zn\u2013Zr alloy. Mater Sci Eng B. 2011;176(20):1778\u201384.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng B"},{"issue":"1","key":"4244_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(00)00074-7","volume":"16","author":"N Yoganandan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yoganandan N, Kumaresan S, Pintar FA. Biomechanics of the cervical spine Part 2. Cervical spine soft tissue responses and biomechanical modeling. Clin Biomech. 2001;16(1):1\u201327.","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"4244_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-015-0752-3","volume":"15","author":"D Ganbat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ganbat D, Kim YH, Kim K, Jin YJ, Park WM. Effect of mechanical loading on heterotopic ossification in cervical total disc replacement: a three-dimensional finite element analysis. Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2016;15(5):1191\u20139.","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechanobiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4244_CR26","first-page":"1175","volume":"58","author":"Z Lei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lei Z, Ji X, Li N, Yang J, Zhuang Z, Rottach D. Simulated effects of head movement on contact pressures between headforms and N95 filtering facepiece respirators-part 1: headform model and validation. Ann Occup Hyg. 2014;58(9):1175\u201385.","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4244_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.10.029","volume":"39","author":"QH Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang QH, Teo EC, Ng HW, Lee VS. Finite element analysis of moment-rotation relationships for human cervical spine. J Biomech. 2006;39(1):189\u201393.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"4244_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2010.03.001","volume":"32","author":"N Kallemeyn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kallemeyn N, Gandhi A, Kode S, Shivanna K, Smucker J, Grosland N. Validation of a C2\u2013C7 cervical spine finite element model using specimen-specific flexibility data. Med Eng Phys. 2010;32(5):482\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"6","key":"4244_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2005.09.006","volume":"28","author":"SK Ha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ha SK. Finite element modeling of multi-level cervical spinal segments (C3\u2013C6) and biomechanical analysis of an elastomer-type prosthetic disc. Med Eng Phys. 2006;28(6):534\u201341.","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"4244_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2018.08.005","volume":"59","author":"W-M Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen W-M, Jin J, Park T, Ryu K-S, Lee S-J. Strain behavior of malaligned cervical spine implanted with metal-on-polyethylene, metal-on-metal, and elastomeric artificial disc prostheses\u2013a finite element analysis. Clin Biomech. 2018;59:19\u201326.","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"3","key":"4244_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.08.006","volume":"22","author":"MM Panjabi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Panjabi MM. Hybrid multidirectional test method to evaluate spinal adjacent-level effects. Clin Biomech. 2007;22(3):257\u201365.","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"4244_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.896274","volume":"21","author":"Z Liao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liao Z, Fogel GR, Wei N, Gu H, Liu W. Biomechanics of artificial disc replacements adjacent to a 2-level fusion in 4-level hybrid constructs: an in vitro investigation. Med Sci Monit. 2015;21:4006.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"20","key":"4244_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001044","volume":"40","author":"AA Gandhi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gandhi AA, Kode S, DeVries NA, Grosland NM, Smucker JD, Fredericks DC. Biomechanical analysis of cervical disc replacement and fusion using single level, two level, and hybrid constructs. Spine. 2015;40(20):1578\u201385.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"24","key":"4244_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112150-00012","volume":"26","author":"MM Panjabi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Panjabi MM, Crisco JJ, Vasavada A, Oda T, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, et al. Mechanical properties of the human cervical spine as shown by three-dimensional load\u2013displacement curves. Spine. 2001;26(24):2692\u2013700.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"4244_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.09.025","volume":"87","author":"Q Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu Q, Guo Q, Yang J, Zhang P, Xu T, Cheng X, et al. Subaxial cervical intradiscal pressure and segmental kinematics following atlantoaxial fixation in different angles. World Neurosurg. 2016;87:521\u20138.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"15","key":"4244_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E893","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001468","volume":"41","author":"JH Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee JH, Park WM, Kim YH, Jahng T-A. A biomechanical analysis of an artificial disc with a shock-absorbing core property by using whole-cervical spine finite element analysis. Spine. 2016;41(15):E893\u2013901.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"10","key":"4244_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6462(01)01132-0","volume":"45","author":"CE Wen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wen CE, Mabuchi M, Yamada Y, Shimojima K, Chino Y, Asahina T. Processing of biocompatible porous Ti and Mg. Scr Mater. 2001;45(10):1147\u201353.","journal-title":"Scr Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"4244_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-577X(03)00500-7","volume":"58","author":"CE Wen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wen CE, Yamada Y, Shimojima K, Chino Y, Hosokawa H, Mabuchi M. Compressibility of porous magnesium foam: dependency on porosity and pore size. Mater Lett. 2004;58(3):357\u201360.","journal-title":"Mater Lett"},{"key":"4244_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.11.027","volume":"71","author":"M Yazdimamaghani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yazdimamaghani M, Razavi M, Vashaee D, Moharamzadeh K, Boccaccini AR, Tayebi L. Porous magnesium-based scaffolds for tissue engineering. Mater Sci Eng C. 2017;71:1253\u201366.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C"},{"issue":"6","key":"4244_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.3390\/met10060724","volume":"10","author":"S-H Byun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Byun S-H, Lim H-K, Lee S-M, Kim H-E, Kim S-M, Lee J-H. Biodegradable magnesium alloy (ZK60) with a poly (l-lactic)-acid polymer coating for maxillofacial surgery. Metals. 2020;10(6):724.","journal-title":"Metals"},{"key":"4244_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.11.035","volume":"162","author":"C Ling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ling C, Cernicchi A, Gilchrist MD, Cardiff P. Mechanical behaviour of additively-manufactured polymeric octet-truss lattice structures under quasi-static and dynamic compressive loading. Mater Des. 2019;162:106\u201318.","journal-title":"Mater Des"},{"key":"4244_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2018.12.101","volume":"745","author":"S Gangireddy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gangireddy S, Komarasamy M, Faierson EJ, Mishra RS. High strain rate mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V octet lattice structures additively manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). Mater Sci Eng A. 2019;745:231\u20139.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng A"},{"key":"4244_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2016.05.054","volume":"116","author":"T Tancogne-Dejean","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tancogne-Dejean T, Spierings AB, Mohr D. Additively-manufactured metallic micro-lattice materials for high specific energy absorption under static and dynamic loading. Acta Mater. 2016;116:14\u201328.","journal-title":"Acta Mater"},{"key":"4244_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsolstr.2015.02.020","volume":"60","author":"L Dong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dong L, Deshpande V, Wadley H. Mechanical response of Ti\u20136Al\u20134V octet-truss lattice structures. Int J Solids Struct. 2015;60:107\u201324.","journal-title":"Int J Solids Struct"},{"issue":"8","key":"4244_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5096(01)00010-2","volume":"49","author":"VS Deshpande","year":"2001","unstructured":"Deshpande VS, Fleck NA, Ashby MF. Effective properties of the octet-truss lattice material. J Mech Phys Solids. 2001;49(8):1747\u201369.","journal-title":"J Mech Phys Solids"},{"issue":"8","key":"4244_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00114-3","volume":"36","author":"U Simon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Simon U, Augat P, Ignatius A, Claes L. Influence of the stiffness of bone defect implants on the mechanical conditions at the interface\u2014a finite element analysis with contact. J Biomech. 2003;36(8):1079\u201386.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"12","key":"4244_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2016.09.018","volume":"38","author":"Q-H Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Q-H, Cossey A, Tong J. Stress shielding in periprosthetic bone following a total knee replacement: effects of implant material, design and alignment. Med Eng Phys. 2016;38(12):1481\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"4244_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840903208189","volume":"13","author":"HG Chuah","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chuah HG, Rahim IA, Yusof MI. Topology optimisation of spinal interbody cage for reducing stress shielding effect. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 2010;13(3):319\u201326.","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng"},{"key":"4244_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3923\/jms.2007.460.467","volume":"7","author":"ZR Mi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mi ZR, Shuib S, Hassan AY, Shorki AA, Ibrahim MNM. Problem of stress shielding and improvement to the hip Implat designs: a review. J Med Sci. 2007;7:460\u20137.","journal-title":"J Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"4244_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199611000-00002","volume":"89","author":"WD Bugbee","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bugbee WD, Sychterz CJ, Engh CA. Bone remodeling around cementless hip implants. South Med J. 1996;89(11):1036\u201340.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"4244_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200104150-00012","volume":"26","author":"JP Grant","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grant JP, Oxland TR, Dvorak MF. Mapping the structural properties of the lumbosacral vertebral endplates. Spine. 2001;26(8):889\u201396.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"4244_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.192","volume":"114","author":"H Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang H, Lv B. Comparison of clinical and radiographic results between posterior pedicle-based dynamic stabilization and posterior lumbar intervertebral fusion for lumbar degenerative disease: a 2-year retrospective study. World Neurosurg. 2018;114:e403\u201311.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"4244_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198503000-00014","volume":"193","author":"K-F Schlegel","year":"1985","unstructured":"Schlegel K-F, Pon A. The biomechanics of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985;193:115\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4244_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199706000-00011","volume":"339","author":"JA Goulet","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goulet JA, Senunas LE, DeSilva GL, Greenfield MLVH. Autogenous iliac crest bone graft: complications and functional assessment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997;339:76\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04244-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04244-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04244-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T10:53:20Z","timestamp":1706180000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04244-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04244-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The CT data is obtained from one of our authors, and ethics approval and consent to participate are not applicable for this research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"390"}}