{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:16:35Z","timestamp":1793052995748,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008109","name":"Wuxi Municipal Bureau on Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-THTP-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-THTP-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The induced membrane technique (IMT) is an effective strategy to repair bone defects and involves a two-stage set of surgical procedures. Although the IM has osteogenic activity, bone grafting is necessary in standard IMT. Bone defects repaired completely by osteogenic activity of the IM alone without bone grafts are rare.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We present a case of infected fractures and bone defects of the ulna and radius treated with IMT. After the first stage using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads, X-rays showed that new callus developed after 2 to 4\u2009months, and the defects were repaired completely by 5 months. We also present a literature review on spontaneous osteogenesis of the IM in patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We present a case of infected ulnar and radial bone defects that healed by 5 months after the first stage of the IMT using a PMMA spacer. This finding suggests that local associated inflammatory reactions and bone tissue might enhance the osteogenic activity of the IM, causing spontaneous healing of bone defects. This appears to be the first such case reported in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04317-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T17:02:38Z","timestamp":1621098158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Bone defects are repaired by enhanced osteogenic activity of the induced membrane: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qudong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4317_CR1","first-page":"346","volume":"45","author":"AC Masquelet","year":"2000","unstructured":"Masquelet AC, Fitoussi F, Begue T, et al. Reconstruction of the long bones by the induced membrane and spongy autograft. Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2000;45(3):346\u201353.","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast Esthet"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"4317_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000981","volume":"31","author":"MA Yee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yee MA, Mead MP, Alford AI, Hak DJ, Mauffrey C, Hake ME. Scientific understanding of the induced membrane technique: current status and future directions. J Orthop Trauma. 2017;31(Suppl 5):S3\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000981.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"4317_CR3","first-page":"3","volume":"1","author":"H Bezstarosti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bezstarosti H, Metsemakers WJ, Lieshout EMMV, et al. Management of critical-sized bone defects in the treatment of fracture-related infection: a systematic review and pooled analysis. 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Written informed consent for participation was obtained from the patient.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for print and electronic publication of this case report was obtained from the patient.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no financial or other conflicts of interest in relation to this research and its publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"447"}}