{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:41:28Z","timestamp":1789994488827,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The calcar femorale was identified long ago. However, our current understanding of the calcar is insufficient, and its related concepts are sometimes confused. The calcar femoral is an important anatomical structure of the proximal femur, and its function can be overlooked. In trauma, tumors, or other diseases, the calcar femorale can be destroyed or changed pathologically. As a result, the mechanical structure of the proximal femur becomes destroyed, causing pathological fractures. How to address the destruction of the calcar femorale or the damage to the calcar femorale is discussed in this article.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main text<\/jats:title><jats:p>Destruction of the calcar femorale is accompanied by many conditions, including trauma, tumors, and other diseases. The types of hip fractures caused by trauma include femoral neck fractures and intertrochanteric fractures. Dynamic hip screws, proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, and multiple parallel cannulate pins can be used in different conditions. When metastatic and primary bone tumors involve the calcar femorale, endoprostheses are widely used. Other diseases, such as fibrous dysplasia and aneurysmal bone cyst are treated differently.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The calcar femorale can redistribute stresses and the destruction of the calcar femorale can lead to an increase in posterior medial stress. Many factors need to be considered when deciding whether to reconstruct the calcar femorale. Effective treatment strategies for managing the destruction of calcar femorale will need first establishing the precise mechanism of the destruction of the calcar and then designing therapies towards these mechanisms. Further investigation to the calcar needs to be carried out.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04324-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T12:03:02Z","timestamp":1621425782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Strategies for managing the destruction of calcar femorale"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7446-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Mei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongchao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"4324_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-71031-5","volume-title":"The law of bone Remodelling","author":"J Wolff","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wolff J. The law of bone remodelling. In: Maquet P, Furlong R, editors. The law of bone Remodelling. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1986. p. 1\u201383."},{"issue":"3","key":"4324_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1994)064<0175:WLABSA>2.0.CO;2","volume":"64","author":"HM Frost","year":"1994","unstructured":"Frost HM. Wolff\u2019s law and bone\u2019s structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. Angle Orthod. 1994;64(3):175\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1043\/0003-3219(1994)064<0175:WLABSA>2.0.CO;2.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"4324_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1049","volume":"262","author":"HM Frost","year":"2001","unstructured":"Frost HM. From Wolff\u2019s law to the Utah paradigm: insights about bone physiology and its clinical applications. Anat Rec. 2001;262(4):398\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.1049.","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1997)10:1<27::AID-CA5>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"10","author":"RL Newell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Newell RL. The calcar femorale: a tale of historical neglect. Clin Anat. 1997;10(1):27\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1997)10:1<27::AID-CA5>3.0.CO;2-Q.","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"4324_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198204000-00036","volume":"164","author":"JB Griffin","year":"1982","unstructured":"Griffin JB. The calcar femorale redefined. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;164:211\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4324_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050059","volume":"8","author":"M Peacock","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peacock M, Liu G, Carey M, Ambrosius W, Turner CH, Hui S, et al. Bone mass and structure at the hip in men and women over the age of 60 years. Osteoporos Int. 1998;8(3):231\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001980050059.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR7","first-page":"17","volume":"67","author":"O Cech","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cech O, Kost\u00e1l R, V\u00e1chal J. Unstable pertrochanteric fractures, biomechanic, classification and therapy. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cechoslov. 2000;67(1):17\u201327.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cechoslov"},{"issue":"7","key":"4324_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21177","volume":"24","author":"T Le Corroller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Le Corroller T, Dediu M, Pauly V, Pirro N, Chabrand P, Champsaur P. The femoral calcar: a computed tomography anatomical study. Clin Anat. 2011;24(7):886\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.21177.","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"3","key":"4324_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2010.02.007","volume":"192","author":"A Hammer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hammer A. The structure of the femoral neck: a physical dissection with emphasis on the internal trabecular system. Ann Anat. 2010;192(3):168\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2010.02.007.","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"issue":"9","key":"4324_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2013.06.843","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhong W, Zhu H, Chen Y, Xu L, Zhu J. Establishing the 3-D finite element solid model of femurs in partial by volume rendering. Int J Surg. 2013;11(9):930\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2013.06.843.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM187501070920101","volume":"92","author":"HJ Bigelow","year":"1875","unstructured":"Bigelow HJ. The true neck of the femur: its structure and pathology. Boston Med Surg J. 1875;92(1):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM187501070920101.","journal-title":"Boston Med Surg J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-194830010-00008","volume":"30A","author":"RA Farkas","year":"1948","unstructured":"Farkas RA, Wilson MJ, Hayner C. An anatomical study of the mechanics, pathology, and healing of fracture of the femoral neck. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1948;30A(1):53\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"4324_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008987626212","volume":"9","author":"B Li","year":"1998","unstructured":"Li B, Aspden RM. A comparison of the stiffness, densityand composition of bone from the calcar femorale and thefemoral cortex. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 1998;9(11):661\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1008987626212.","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"4324_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1757-7861.2009.00053.x","volume":"1","author":"Z Qi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Qi Z, Wei C, Huai-jun L, et al. The role of the calcar femorale in stress distribution in the proximal femur. Orthop Surg. 2009;1:311\u20136.","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"4324_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammer A. The calcar femorale: A new perspective. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2019;27(2):2309499019848778.","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499019848778"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-105","volume":"12","author":"J Panula","year":"2011","unstructured":"Panula J, Pihlajam\u00e4ki H, Mattila VM, Jaatinen P, Vahlberg T, Aarnio P, et al. Mortality and cause of death in hip fracture patients aged 65 or older: a population-based study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011;12(1):105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-12-105.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"4324_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.913593","volume":"25","author":"WF Xiong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiong WF, Zhang YQ, Chang SM, Hu SJ, du SC. Lesser trochanteric fragments in unstable pertrochanteric hip fractures: a morphological study using threedimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) reconstruction. Med Sci Monitor. 2019;25:2049\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.913593.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monitor"},{"issue":"5","key":"4324_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.133.5.889","volume":"133","author":"A Naimark","year":"1979","unstructured":"Naimark A, Kossoff J, Schepsis A. Intertrochanteric fractures: current concepts of an old subject. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1979;133(5):889\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.133.5.889.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4324_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.14744\/tjtes.2019.03828","volume":"25","author":"S Kaya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaya S, Seker A, Alt\u0131n \u00d6, Altunta\u015f YE, Kaptano\u011flu L, Kement M, et al. Evaluation of current therapeutic approach to obstructive and perforated colorectal cancers. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2019;25(6):589\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14744\/tjtes.2019.03828.","journal-title":"Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860010-00010","volume":"60","author":"I Oh","year":"1978","unstructured":"Oh I, Harris WH. Proximal strain distribution in the loaded femur. An in vitro comparison of the distributions in the intact femur and after insertion of different hip-replacement femoral components. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1978;60(1):75\u201385.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4324_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198605000-00022","volume":"206","author":"RA Gurtler","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gurtler RA, Jacobs RR, Jacobs CR. Biomechanical evaluation of the Ender's pins, the Harris nail, and the dynamic hip screw for the unstable intertrochanteric fracture. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;206:109\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"4324_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang W, Antony Xavier RP, Decruz J, Chen YD, Park DH. Risk factors for mechanical failure of intertrochanteric fractures after fixation with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA II): a study in a southeast Asian population. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021;141(4):569\u201375.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-020-03399-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"4324_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2015.1112712","volume":"87","author":"SS Miettinen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miettinen SS, M\u00e4kinen TJ, Kostensalo I, M\u00e4kel\u00e4 K, Huhtala H, Kettunen JS, et al. Risk factors for intraoperative calcar fracture in cementless total hip arthroplasty. Acta Orthop. 2016;87(2):113\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453674.2015.1112712.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"4324_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.168762","volume":"49","author":"CJ Thakkar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thakkar CJ, Thakkar S, Kathalgere RT, Kumar MN. Calcar femorale grafting in the hemiarthroplasty of the hip for unstable inter trochanteric fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2015;49(6):602\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5413.168762.","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"4324_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001730","volume":"34","author":"JA Parry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parry JA, Sapp T, Langford JR, Koval KJ, Haidukewych GJ. Variables associated with lag screw sliding after single-screw Cephalomedullary nail fixation of intertrochanteric fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2020;34(7):356\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001730.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.11.015","volume":"105","author":"GC Zha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zha GC, Liu J, Wang Y, Feng S, Chen XY, Guo KJ, et al. Cementless distal fixation modular stem without reconstruction of femoral calcar for unstable intertrochanteric fracture in patients aged 75 years or more. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019;105(1):35\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.11.015.","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4324_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199903000-00001","volume":"13","author":"JI Kauffman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kauffman JI, Simon JA, Kummer FJ, Pearlman CJ, Zuckerman JD, Koval KJ. Internal fixation of femoral neck fractures with posterior comminution: a biomechanical study. J Orthop Trauma. 1999;13(3):155\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005131-199903000-00001.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679308994532","volume":"64","author":"S Lindequist","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lindequist S, Wredmark T, Eriksson SA, Samnegard E. Screw positions in femoral neck fractures. Comparison of two different screw positions in cadavers. Acta Orthop Scand. 1993;64(1):67\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453679308994532.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"4324_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2018.01.012","volume":"23","author":"Y Nakanishi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakanishi Y, Hiranaka T, Shirahama M, Uesugi M, Okimura K, Tsubosaka M, et al. Ideal screw positions for multiple screw fixation in femoral neck fractures - study of proximal femur morphology in a Japanese population. J Orthop Sci. 2018;23(3):521\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jos.2018.01.012.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4324_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-017-2689-8","volume":"137","author":"O Filipov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Filipov O, Stoffel K, Gueorguiev B, Sommer C. Femoral neck fracture osteosynthesis by the biplane double-supported screw fixation method (BDSF) reduces the risk of fixation failure: clinical outcomes in 207 patients. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2017;137(6):779\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-017-2689-8.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"4324_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108658","volume":"112","author":"L Tianye","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tianye L, Peng Y, Jingli X, QiuShi W, GuangQuan Z, Wei H, et al. Finite element analysis of different internal fixation methods for the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;112:108658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108658.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"6","key":"4324_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3944\/AOTT.2014.14.0088","volume":"48","author":"SA G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fta\u015f","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fta\u015f SA, Tosun HB, A\u011f\u0131r \u0130, Orak MM, Onay T, Ok\u00e7u G. Influence of number and orientation of screws on stability in the internal fixation of unstable femoral neck fractures. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2014;48(6):673\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3944\/AOTT.2014.14.0088.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"issue":"12","key":"4324_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-010-1103-6","volume":"130","author":"S Boraiah","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boraiah S, Paul O, Gardner MJ, Parker RJ, Barker JU, Helfet D, et al. Outcomes of length-stable fixation of femoral neck fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2010;130(12):1523\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-010-1103-6.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4324_CR34","first-page":"259","volume":"98","author":"F Bonnaire","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bonnaire F, Kuner EH, Lorz W. Femoral neck fractures in adults: joint sparing operations. II. The significance of surgical timing and implant for development of aseptic femur head necrosis. Unfallchirurg. 1995;98(5):259\u201364.","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"4324_CR35","first-page":"257e60","volume":"74","author":"MA Mont","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mont MA, Maar DC, Krackow KA, Hungerford DS. Hoop-stress fractures of theproximal femur during hip arthroplasty. Management and results in 19 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992;74:257e60.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"4324_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00013771","volume":"120","author":"M Schramm","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schramm M, Keck F, Hohmann D, Pitto RP. Total hip arthroplasty using an uncemented femoral component with taper design: outcome at 10-year follow-up. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2000;120(7-8):407\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/PL00013771.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4324_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1568-1","volume":"469","author":"BA Jewett","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jewett BA, Collis DK. High complication rate with anterior total hip arthroplasties on a fracture table. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469(2):503\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-010-1568-1.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4324_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-006-0318-1","volume":"32","author":"R Fernandez-Fernandez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fernandez-Fernandez R, Garc\u00eda-Elias E, Gil-Garay E. Peroperative fractures in uncemented total hip arthroplasty: results with a single design of stem implant. Int Orthop. 2008;32(3):307\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-006-0318-1.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4324_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2006.05.014","volume":"21","author":"ME Berend","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berend ME, Smith A, Meding JB, Ritter MA, Lynch T, Davis K. Long-term outcome and risk factors of proximal femoral fracture in uncemented and cemented total hip arthroplasty in 2551 hips. J Arthroplast. 2006;21(Suppl 2):53\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2006.05.014.","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4324_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2004.06.008","volume":"19","author":"KR Berend","year":"2004","unstructured":"Berend KR, Lombardi AV Jr, Mallory TH, Chonko DJ, Dodds KL, Adams JB. Cerclage wires or cables for the management of intraoperative fracture associated with a cementless, tapered femoral prosthesis: results at 2 to 16 years. J Arthroplast. 2004;19(Suppl 2):17\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2004.06.008.","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"4324_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonnin M P, Neto C C, Aitsiselmi T et al. Increased incidence of femoral fractures in small femurs and women undergoing uncemented total hip arthroplasty - why?. Bone Joint J, 2015, null: 741\u20138.","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B6.35022"},{"issue":"10","key":"4324_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.05.041","volume":"35","author":"CW Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park CW, Lim SJ, Ye DH, Park YS. Outcomes of Cerclage cabling for intraoperative Calcar cracks in Cementless Total hip Arthroplasty using broach-only. Tapered Wedge Stems J Arthroplasty. 2020;35(10):3002\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2020.05.041.","journal-title":"Tapered Wedge Stems J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"4324_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.01.019","volume":"32","author":"ACT Waligora","year":"2017","unstructured":"Waligora ACT, Owen JR, Wayne JS, Hess SR, Golladay GJ, Jiranek WA. The effectof prophylactic cerclage wires in primary total hip arthroplasty: a biome-chanical study. J Arthroplast. 2017;32:2023e7.","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"issue":"4","key":"4324_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70171-1","volume":"31","author":"WD Hage","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hage WD, Aboulafia AJ, Aboulafia DM. Incidence, location and diagnostic evaluation of metastatic bone disease. Orthop Clin North Am. 2000;31(4):515\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70171-1.","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"4324_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000065","volume":"476","author":"A Nooh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nooh A, Goulding K, Isler MH, Mottard S, Arteau A, Dion N, et al. Early improvement in pain and functional outcome but not quality of life after surgery for metastatic long bone disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2018;476(3):535\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000065.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4324_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3736-1","volume":"473","author":"R Capanna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Capanna R, Scoccianti G, Frenos F, Vilardi A, Beltrami G, Campanacci DA. What was the survival of megaprostheses in lower limb reconstructions after tumor resections? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(3):820\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-014-3736-1.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4324_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359e63","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20010401-17","volume":"24","author":"PJ Favorito","year":"2001","unstructured":"Favorito PJ, McGrath BE. Impending or completed pathologic femur fractures treated with intramedullary hip screws. Orthopedics. 2001;24(4):359e63.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25297","volume":"119","author":"SJ Janssen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Janssen SJ, Langerhuizen DW, Schwab JH, Bramer JA. Outcome after reconstruction of proximal femoral tumors: a systematic review. J Surg Oncol. 2019;119(1):120\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.25297.","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4324_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359e67","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.292","volume":"3","author":"H Katagiri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Katagiri H, Okada R, Takagi T, Takahashi M, Murata H, Harada H, et al. New prognostic factors and scoring system for patients with skeletal metastasis. Cancer Med. 2014;3(5):1359e67.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4324_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2017.05.012","volume":"22","author":"N Araki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Araki N, Chuman H, Matsunobu T, Tanaka K, Katagiri H, Kunisada T, et al. Factors associated with the decision of operative procedure for proximal femoral bone metastasis: Questionnaire survey to institutions participating the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group. J Orthop Sci. 2017;22(5):938\u201345.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"4324_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v7.i7.442","volume":"7","author":"HS Cho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cho HS, Lee YK, Ha YC, Koo KH. Trochanter\/calcar preserving reconstruction in tumors involving the femoral head and neck. World J Orthop. 2016;7(7):442\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5312\/wjo.v7.i7.442.","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"4324_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaplan FS, Fallon MD, Boden SD, Schmidt R, Senior M, Haddad JG. Estrogen receptors in bone in a patient with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (McCune-Albright syndrome). N Engl J Med. 1988;319(7):421\u20135.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198808183190707"},{"key":"4324_CR53","first-page":"132","volume":"19","author":"AE De Palma","year":"1961","unstructured":"De Palma AE, Dodd PM Jr. Reconstructive surgery in fibrous dysplasia of bone. Clin Orthop. 1961;19:132\u201347.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"4324_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198806000-00016","volume":"231","author":"LA Whiteside","year":"1988","unstructured":"Whiteside LA, Amador D, Russell K. The effects of the collar on total hip femoral component subsidence. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;231:120\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"4324_CR55","first-page":"6461","volume":"11","author":"MG Weber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weber MG, Fan J, Jenkins R. An uncommon presentation of an uncommon bone tumor: a case study of a pathologic fracture of an intertrochanteric aneurysmal bone cyst. Cureus. 2019;11(12):6461.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"4324_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-20-04-233","volume":"11","author":"TB Rapp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rapp TB, Ward JP, Alaia MJ. Aneurysmal bone cyst. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012;11(4):233\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5435\/JAAOS-20-04-233.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4324_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050093","volume":"8","author":"AC Looker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Looker AC, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Calvo MS, Harris TB, Heyse SP, et al. Updated data on proximal femur bone mineral levels of US adults. Osteoporos Int. 1998;8(5):468\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001980050093.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2372-4","volume":"19","author":"S Lotzien","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lotzien S, Rausch V, Schildhauer TA, Gessmann J. Revision of subtrochanteric femoral nonunions after intramedullary nailing with dynamic condylar screw. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;19(1):448.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"4324_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:3:2:107","volume":"3","author":"TV Nguyen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nguyen TV, Pocock N, Eisman JA. Interpretation of bone mineraldensity measurement and its change. J Clin Densitom. 2000;3:107\u201319.","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"3","key":"4324_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/gye.16.3.245.250","volume":"16","author":"WB Sedrine","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sedrine WB, Chevallier T, Zegals B, et al. Development and ml-nent of the osteoporosis index of risk (OSIRS) to facilitate selection of women for bone densitometry. Gynec ol Endocrinol. 2002;16(3):245\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/gye.16.3.245.250.","journal-title":"Gynec ol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"4324_CR61","first-page":"158","volume":"9","author":"S Boonen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Boonen S, Koutri R, Dequeker J, Nijs J, Geusens P, Bouillon R. Geometric characteristics of the proximal femur in type 1 and type II osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 1994;9(suppl 1):158.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03259-5","volume":"21","author":"DP Shu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shu DP, Xiao YP, Bei MJ, Ji T, Peng YJ, Ma B, et al. Dynamic compression locking system versus multiple cannulated compression screw for the treatment of femoral neck fractures: a comparative study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-020-03259-5.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2009.10.008","volume":"96","author":"M G\u00fcven","year":"2010","unstructured":"G\u00fcven M, Yavuz U, Kadioglu B, Akman B, Kilin\u00e7oglu V, Unay K, et al. Importance of screw position in intertrochanteric femoral fractures treated by dynamic hip screw. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2010;96(1):21\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2009.10.008.","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"4324_CR64","volume-title":"Swedish hip arthroplasty register. Annual report 2011","author":"J Karrholm","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karrholm J, Garellick G, Rogmark C, et al. Swedish hip arthroplasty register. Annual report 2011. Sahlgrenska: Sahlgrenska University Hospital; 2012."},{"key":"4324_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199201000-00014","volume":"274","author":"R Huiskes","year":"1992","unstructured":"Huiskes R, Weinans H, van Rietbergen B. The relationship between stress shielding and bone resorption around total hip stems and the effects of flexible materials. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;274:124\u201334.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4324_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199805000-00005","volume":"80","author":"JT Guille","year":"1998","unstructured":"Guille JT, Kumar SJ, MacEwen GD. Fibrous dysplasia of the proximal part of the femur. Long-term results of curettage and bone-grafting and mechanical realignment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80(5):648\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199805000-00005.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4324_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B6.0820842","volume":"82","author":"BM Wroblewski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wroblewski BM, Siney PD, Fleming PA, et al. The calcar femorale in cemented stem fixation in total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82:842\u20135.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"4324_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.74B4.1624529","volume":"74","author":"MJ Parker","year":"1992","unstructured":"Parker MJ. Cutting-out of the dynamic hip screw related to its position. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992;74(4):625.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"7","key":"4324_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00012","volume":"77","author":"MR Baumgaertner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baumgaertner MR, Curtin SL, Lindskog DM, Keggi JM. The value of the tip-apex distance in predicting failure of fixation of peritrochanteric fractures of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77(7):1058\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00012.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"4324_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318229acca","volume":"26","author":"PR Kuzyk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kuzyk PR, Zdero R, Shah S, Olsen M, Waddell JP, Schemitsch EH. Femoral head lag screw position for cephalomedullary nails: a biomechanical analysis. J Orthop Trauma. 2012;26(7):414\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318229acca.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"8","key":"4324_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B8.33644","volume":"96-B","author":"A Kashigar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kashigar A, Vincent A, Gunton MJ, Backstein D, Safir O, Kuzyk PR. Predictors of failure for cephalomedullary nailing of proximal femoral fractures. Bone Joint J. 2014;96-B(8):1029\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.96B8.33644.","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4324_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1491-4","volume":"14","author":"C Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang C, Tan H, Kernkamp WA, Cheng R, Liang J, Zhu Z, et al. Effect of altered proximal femoral geometry on predicting femoral stem anteversion in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019;14(1):420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-019-1491-4.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04324-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04324-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04324-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T22:23:42Z","timestamp":1672179822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04324-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04324-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All pictures are obtained from the Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The picture does not contain personal information. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"460"}}