{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:29:35Z","timestamp":1791487775967,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To summarize and analyze the epidemiological characteristics, treatment and corresponding curative effect of triradiate cartilage injury(TCI) in children after trauma, to provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis and improvement of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TCI was classified according to Bucholz classification, and the final curative effect was evaluated with Harris Hip Score and imaging examination during follow-up. Finally, a comprehensive analysis was made by reviewing the cases in the literature combined with the patients in our hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 15 cases (18 hips) of triradiate cartilage injuries were collected in our hospital. There was 1 hip with type I injury, nine hips with type II injury, two hips with type IV injury, one hip with type V injury and five hips with type VI injury. Among the 12 cases with complete follow-up, the bone bridge was found in or around the triradiate cartilage in 8 cases, early fusion of triradiate cartilage occurred in 5 patients, 3 cases had hip dysplasia, 4 cases had a subluxation of the femoral head, and HHS was excellent in 8 cases and good in 4 cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The early diagnosis of TCI is still a difficult problem. Conservative treatment is often the first choice. The overall prognosis of acetabular fractures involving triradiate cartilage is poor. The formation of the bone bridge in triradiate cartilage usually indicates the possibility of premature closure, which may lead to severe complications of post-traumatic acetabular dysplasia and subluxation of the femoral head.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04565-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T11:37:34Z","timestamp":1628595454000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Retrospective analysis of traumatic triradiate cartilage injury in children"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinkui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqiang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoxin","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenquan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4565_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264040-00018","volume":"64","author":"RW Bucholz","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bucholz RW, Ezaki M, Ogden JA. Injury to the acetabular triradiate physeal cartilage. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64(4):600\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-198264040-00018.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"4565_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860050-00001","volume":"60","author":"IV Ponseti","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ponseti IV. Growth and development of the acetabulum in the normal child. Anatomical, histological, and roentgenographic studies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1978;60(5):575\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-197860050-00001.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"4565_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001120","volume":"38","author":"KC Parvaresh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parvaresh KC, Pennock AT, Bomar JD, Wenger DR, Upasani VV. Analysis of acetabular ossification from the Triradiate cartilage and secondary centers. J Pediatr Orthop. 2018;38(3):e145\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001120.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"4565_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.70B1.3339056","volume":"70","author":"M Heeg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Heeg M, Visser JD, Oostvogel HJ. Injuries of the acetabular triradiate cartilage and sacroiliac joint. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 1988;70(1):34\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Br)"},{"key":"4565_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scuderi G, Bronson MJ. Triradiate cartilage injury. Report of two cases and review of the literature. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;(217):179\u201389.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198704000-00016"},{"issue":"1","key":"4565_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200401000-00023","volume":"24","author":"WR Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith WR, Oakley M, Morgan SJ. Current issues: pediatric pelvic fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 2004;24(1):130\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01241398-200401000-00023.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"4565_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trousdale RT, Ganz R. Posttraumatic acetabular dysplasia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;(305):124\u201332.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199408000-00016"},{"issue":"6","key":"4565_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000029212.19179.4A","volume":"54","author":"FA Liporace","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liporace FA, Ong B, Mohaideen A, Ong A, Koval KJ. Development and injury of the triradiate cartilage with its effects on acetabular development: review of the literature. J Trauma. 2003;54(6):1245\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.TA.0000029212.19179.4A.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"4565_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v90i1.7263","volume":"90","author":"M Spina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spina M, Luppi V, Chiappi J, Bagnis F, Rocca G. Triradiate cartilage fracture of the acetabulum treated surgically. Acta Biomed. 2019;90(1):116\u201321Published 2019 Jan 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23750\/abm.v90i1.7263.","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"issue":"11","key":"4565_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3054-z","volume":"471","author":"A Badina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Badina A, Vialle R, Fitoussi F, Damsin JP. Case reports: treatment of traumatic triradiate cartilage epiphysiodesis: what is the role of bridge resection? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(11):3701\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-013-3054-z.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4565_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/bpb.0b013e3282f34d44","volume":"17","author":"M Sener","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sener M, Karapinar H, Kazimoglu C, Yagdi S, Akgun U. Fracture dislocation of sacroiliac joint associated with triradiate cartilage injury in a child: a case report. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2008;17(2):65\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bpb.0b013e3282f34d44.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"7","key":"4565_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31812f67ff","volume":"21","author":"M McDonnell","year":"2007","unstructured":"McDonnell M, Schachter AK, Phillips DP, Liporace FA. Acetabular fracture through the triradiate cartilage after low-energy trauma. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21(7):495\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31812f67ff.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"4565_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199705000-00019","volume":"79","author":"HA Peterson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Peterson HA, Robertson RC. Premature partial closure of the triradiate cartilage treated with excision of a physical osseous bar. Case report with a fourteen-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79(5):767\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199705000-00019.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"4565_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199611000-00012","volume":"10","author":"A Pina-Medina","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pina-Medina A, Pardo-Montaner J. Triradiate cartilage fracture associated with a transepiphyseal separation of the femoral head: a case report. J Orthop Trauma. 1996;10(8):575\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005131-199611000-00012.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"4565_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.134.6.1262","volume":"134","author":"A Weisel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Weisel A, Hecht HL. Occult fracture through the triradiate cartilage of the acetabulum. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1980;134(6):1262\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.134.6.1262.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4565_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961010-00028","volume":"61","author":"W Blair","year":"1979","unstructured":"Blair W, Hanson C. Traumatic closure of the triradiate cartilage: report of a case. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979;61(1):144\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-197961010-00028.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"4565_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(73)90048-x","volume":"4","author":"KF Rodrigues","year":"1973","unstructured":"Rodrigues KF. Injury of the acetabular epiphysis. Injury. 1973;4(3):258\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0020-1383(73)90048-x.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"4565_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-200501000-00009","volume":"25","author":"MA Karunakar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karunakar MA, Goulet JA, Mueller KL, Bedi A, Le TT. Operative treatment of unstable pediatric pelvis and acetabular fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005;25(1):34\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004694-200501000-00009.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"4565_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-014-0297-8","volume":"15","author":"NK Magu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Magu NK, Gogna P, Singh A, Singla R, Rohilla R, Batra A, et al. Long term results after surgical management of posterior wall acetabular fractures. J Orthop Traumatol. 2014;15(3):173\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10195-014-0297-8.","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"}],"container-title":["BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04565-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04565-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04565-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T11:37:48Z","timestamp":1628595468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04565-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-021-04565-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Our research was approved by the Ethics Review Board of the Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Written informed consent was obtained for the study from the parents of the patients. We also followed the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant policies in China.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"674"}}