{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:14:04Z","timestamp":1781651644607,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Comorbidities and socioeconomic issues impact outcome of rotator cuff tear (RCT) repair. There are no data on RCT repair outcome from developing regions. We determined the impact of obesity and smoking following RCT repair in a low-income population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is a retrospective case series. Forty-seven shoulders of 42 patients subjected to open or arthroscopic repair of a RCT with a minimum of 2\u2009years follow-up were cross-sectionally evaluated. Patients were seen in the Orthopaedic Service of the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza-CE, Brazil between March and September 2018. RCT were classified as partial or full-thickness lesions. Fatty infiltration (Goutallier) and tendon retraction (Patte) were recorded as well as obesity (BMI\u2009&gt;\u200930), literacy [&gt;\/\u2264 8 school years (SY)] and smoking status 6\u2009months prior to surgery (present\/absent). Outcomes included pain (visual analogue scale; VAS, 0\u201310\u2009cm), range of motion [active forward flexion and external rotation (ER)], UCLA and ASES scoring.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients were 59.9\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4\u2009years-old, 35(74.4%) female with 19 (17.1\u201330.2 IQR) median of months from diagnosis to surgery and 25 median months of follow-up (26.9\u201334.0 IQR); over 90% declared &lt;\u2009900.00 US$ monthly family income and two-thirds had \u22648 SY. Forty patients (85.1%) had full-thickness tears, 7 (14.9%) had Goutallier \u22653 and over 80% had &lt; Patte III stage. Outcomes were similar regardless of fatty infiltration or tendon retraction staging. There were 17 (36.1%) smokers and 13 (27.6%) obese patients. Outcome was similar when comparing obese vs non-obese patients. Smokers had more pain (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.043) and less ER (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029) with a trend towards worse UCLA and ASES scores as compared to non-smokers though differences did not achieve minimal clinically important difference (MCID) proposed for surgical RCT treatment. After adjusting for obesity, VAS and ER values in smokers were no longer significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.2474 and 0.4872, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our data document outcomes following RCT repair in a low-income population. Smoking status but not obesity impacted RCT repair outcome though not reaching MCID for surgical treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04599-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T14:02:42Z","timestamp":1629554562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Surgical outcome following rotator cuff tear repair in a low-income population. Impact of obesity and smoking"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9912-8105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine M. 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All patients signed an informed consent. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The author and co-authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest to disclose concerning the publication of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"714"}}