{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:31:28Z","timestamp":1792499488402,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Understanding the profiles of different upper extremity fractures, particularly those presenting as a 1st incident can inform prevention and management strategies. The purpose of this population-level study was to describe first incident fractures of the upper extremity in terms of fracture characteristics and demographics.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cases with a first adult upper extremity (UE) fracture from the years 2013 to 2017 were extracted from administrative data in Ontario. Fracture locations (ICD-10 codes) and associated characteristics (open\/closed, associated hospitalization within 1-day, associated nerve, or tendon injury) were described by fracture type, age category and sex. Standardized mean differences of at least 10% (clinical significance) and statistical significance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.01) in ANOVA were used to identify group differences (age\/sex).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified 266,324 first incident UE fractures occurring over 4\u2009years. The most commonly affected regions were the hand (93\u2009K), wrist\/forearm(80\u2009K), shoulder (48\u2009K) or elbow (35\u2009K). The highest number of specific fractures were: distal radius (DRF, 47.4\u2009K), metacarpal (30.4\u2009K), phalangeal (29.9\u2009K), distal phalangeal (24.4\u2009K), proximal humerus (PHF, 21.7\u2009K), clavicle (15.1\u2009K), radial head (13.9\u2009K), and scaphoid fractures (13.2\u2009K). The most prevalent multiple fractures included: multiple radius and ulna fractures (11.8\u2009K), fractures occurring in multiple regions of the upper extremity (8.7\u2009K), or multiple regions in the forearm (8.4\u2009K). Tendon (0.6% overall; 8.2% in multiple finger fractures) or nerve injuries were rarely reported (0.3% overall, 1.5% in distal humerus). Fractures were reported as being open in 4.7% of cases, most commonly for distal phalanx (23%). A similar proportion of females (51.5%) and males were present in this fracture cohort, but there were highly variant age-sex profiles across fracture subtypes. Fractures most common in 18\u201340-year-old males included metacarpal and finger fractures. Fractures common in older females were: DRF, PHF and radial head, which exhibited a dramatic increase in the over-50 age group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>UE fracture profiles vary widely by fracture type. Fracture specific prevention and management should consider fracture profiles that are highly variable according to age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04849-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T22:03:32Z","timestamp":1638223412000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Fracture profiles of a 4-year cohort of 266,324 first incident upper extremity fractures from population health data in Ontario"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Joy C.","family":"MacDermid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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