{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T19:52:22Z","timestamp":1792353142156,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Musculoskelet Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Proximal humerus fracture (PHF) complications, whether following surgery or nonoperative management, require standardization of definitions and documentation for consistent reporting. We aimed to define an international consensus core event set (CES) of clinically-relevant unfavorable events of PHF to be documented in clinical routine practice and research.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A Delphi exercise was implemented with an international panel of experienced shoulder trauma surgeons selected by survey invitation of AO Trauma members. An organized list of PHF events after nonoperative or operative management was developed and reviewed by panel members using on-line surveys. The proposed core set was revised regarding event groups along with definitions, specifications and timing of occurrence<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold> Consensus was reached with at least a two-third agreement.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The PHF consensus panel was composed of 231 clinicians worldwide who responded to at least one of two completed surveys. There was 93% final agreement about three intraoperative local event groups (device, osteochondral, soft tissue). Postoperative or nonoperative event terms and definitions organized into eight groups (device, osteochondral, shoulder instability, fracture-related infection, peripheral neurological, vascular, superficial soft tissue, deep soft tissue) were approved with 96 to 98% agreement. The time period for documentation ranged from 30\u2009days to 24\u2009months after PHF treatment depending on the event group and specification. The resulting consensus was presented on a paper-based PHF CES documentation form.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>International consensus was achieved on a core set of local unfavorable events of PHF to foster standardization of complication reporting in clinical research and register documentation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04887-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T19:08:22Z","timestamp":1638299302000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Core set of unfavorable events of proximal humerus fracture treatment defined by an international Delphi consensus process"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Audig\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stig","family":"Brorson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Durchholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Joeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4887_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/000164701753542023","volume":"72","author":"CM Court-Brown","year":"2001","unstructured":"Court-Brown CM, Garg A, McQueen MM. The epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. Acta Orthop Scand. 2001;72(4):365\u201371.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"4887_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-48126-1_10","volume-title":"Orthogeriatrics: The Management of Older Patients with Fragility Fractures","author":"S Brorson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brorson S, Palm H. Proximal Humeral Fractures: The Choice of Treatment. In: Falaschi P, Marsh D, editors. Orthogeriatrics: The Management of Older Patients with Fragility Fractures. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2021. p. 143\u201353."},{"key":"4887_CR3","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Musculoskeletal Trauma in the Elderly","author":"S Brorson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brorson S. Proximal Humeral Fractures. In:  Musculoskeletal Trauma in the Elderly. 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Expert panel members consented to participate in writing at the start of each successive on-line survey. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"LA declares consultancy payments from AO Innovation Translation Center, an institute of the AO Foundation, which is a medically guided not-for-profit foundation, for the coordination of this project and completion of this manuscript. Other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1002"}}