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Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HO, and high expression of SMAD7(Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 7) in endothelial cells can effectively reverse the TGF-\u03b21 mediated EndMT. This article studied an appropriately engineered exosome with high biocompatibility and good targeting property to administrate SMAD7 gene therapy to inhibit the EndMT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Exosomes from mouse aortic endothelial cells were cultured and harvested. DSPE-PEG and antibody CD34 were combined to exosomes to synthesize the endothelial cell targeting exosome vector (Exosome-DSPE-PEG-AbCD34). The biocompatibility, stability, targeting and cell internalization of exosome vector were tested, then the Exosome-DSPE-PEG-AbCD34 was loaded with <jats:italic>Smad7<\/jats:italic> plasmid and administrated to MAECs to examine its therapeutic effect on EndMT of MAEC mediated by TGF-\u03b21.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Exosome-DSPE-PEG-AbCD34 has no impact on MAEC cell viability at high concentration, and exosome-DSPE-PEG-Ab<jats:sub>CD34<\/jats:sub> could be stably stored at 4\u00b0C and 37\u00b0C for at least 8 days. Exosome-DSPE-PEG-Ab<jats:sub>CD34<\/jats:sub> has better targeting property to MAEC cells and can enter into the cells more effectively. The Exosome-DSPE-PEG-Ab<jats:sub>CD34<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>-Smad7<\/jats:italic> could significantly increase the level of SMAD7, decrease the expression of TGF-\u03b21, and effectively reverse the EndMT of MAEC mediated by TGF- \u03b21 in MAEC cells.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The synthesized Exosome-DSPE-PEG-AbCD34<jats:italic>-Smad7<\/jats:italic> has good biological properties and can effectively reverse the EndMT of MAEC mediated by TGF-\u03b21. Thus, Exosome-DSPE-PEG-AbCD34<jats:italic>-Smad7<\/jats:italic> may has the potential for the prevention and treatment of HO.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04896-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T19:08:22Z","timestamp":1638299302000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exosomes for gene therapy effectively inhibit the endothelial-mesenchymal transition in mouse aortic endothelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhenyuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peichun","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"4896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.12.012","volume":"45","author":"C Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang C, Zhong B, Luo C. 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